Prague medical report最新文献_第2页

Primary Mucinous Bladder Adenocarcinoma. 原发性膀胱粘液腺癌。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.7

Serdar Turan, Cem Tuğrul Gezmiş, Asim İsrafilov, Memduh Aydın, Mustafa Bahadır Can Balcı

引用次数: 0

A Novel Approach to Ultrasound-guided Out-of-plane Lumbar Plexus Block Using the Shamrock Technique: Technical Report. 超声引导下三叶草技术治疗腰神经丛平面外阻滞的新方法：技术报告。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.9

Korgün Ökmen, Durdu Kahraman Yıldız, Gökberk Kürşat Ülker

引用次数: 0

Comparative Effectiveness of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Glucocorticoids in Managing Postoperative Pain Syndrome. 非甾体类抗炎药与糖皮质激素治疗术后疼痛综合征的疗效比较。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.1

Medina Jeenbaeva, Akylbek Shakirov, Ibragim Atabaev, Akylbek Burkanov, Zarema Boronchieva

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Glucocorticoids in Managing Postoperative Pain Syndrome.","authors":"Medina Jeenbaeva, Akylbek Shakirov, Ibragim Atabaev, Akylbek Burkanov, Zarema Boronchieva","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.1","DOIUrl":"10.14712/23362936.2026.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids in reducing postoperative pain syndrome. For this purpose, information about postoperative pain syndrome was searched in PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for 2016-2024. Depending on the duration, it is classified into acute (up to 3 months) and chronic (3 months or more). Postoperative pain syndrome occurs due to tissue damage, the development of an inflammatory process, and a violation of nerve conduction. Risk factors include severe preoperative pain; mental disorders; anxiety; comorbidities; low income; lack of social support. Effective treatment of postoperative pain syndrome is the main factor for further recovery and a comfortable life of the patient. High-quality anaesthesia helps to cope with pain even at the acute stage and prevents chronicity of the process. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids in multimodal anaesthesia provide optimal anaesthesia in the postoperative period. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic effects. Prevention includes the appointment of preventive multimodal anaesthesia, the selection of minimally invasive surgical access to reduce the area of tissue injury; psychological support of patients at all stages of treatment; the appointment of rehabilitation interventions in the acute period. It was concluded that for adequate anaesthesia of postoperative pain, it is necessary to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids as part of multimodal anaesthesia, because when used independently, they have an insufficient analgesic effect.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resmetirom: A New FDA-approved Drug as a Targeted Therapeutic Strategy in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis: Translational Evidence from Current Clinical Trials. 瑞斯替罗：fda批准的一种新的药物，作为代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝炎的靶向治疗策略：来自当前临床试验的转化证据。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.21

Ghulam Hassam-U-Din Tarrar, Syed Shafaat Hussain, Muhammad Raza Sarfraz, Malka A Hassan, Tushar Kanti Bhadra

{"title":"Resmetirom: A New FDA-approved Drug as a Targeted Therapeutic Strategy in Metabolic Dysfunction Associated Steatohepatitis: Translational Evidence from Current Clinical Trials.","authors":"Ghulam Hassam-U-Din Tarrar, Syed Shafaat Hussain, Muhammad Raza Sarfraz, Malka A Hassan, Tushar Kanti Bhadra","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.21","url":null,"abstract":"Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) represents a significant global health burden, affecting 3-5% of the population and projected to become a leading cause of liver transplantation by 2030. This review examines Resmetirom, the first FDA-approved drug for non-cirrhotic MASH with moderate to severe hepatic fibrosis. As a selective thyroid hormone receptor beta (THR-β) agonist, Resmetirom enhances hepatic lipid metabolism through increased mitochondrial β-oxidation and improved lipoprotein profiles. Multiple clinical trials have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing hepatic fat content, improving liver histology, and resolving MASH without worsening fibrosis. While generally well-tolerated, gastrointestinal side effects including diarrhea and nausea were more common with Resmetirom than placebo. This breakthrough therapy offers a promising option for MASH management, though long-term studies and broader geographic representation in trials remain necessary to fully establish its role in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 3","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomedical and Epidemiological Factors Influencing Mortality among People Living with HIV in Kyrgyzstan. 影响吉尔吉斯斯坦艾滋病毒感染者死亡率的生物医学和流行病学因素。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.25

Aikul Ismailova, Aizhanat Tursunbekova, Aida Karagulova, Chynara Baibosova, Gulbarchyn Jumagulova

{"title":"Biomedical and Epidemiological Factors Influencing Mortality among People Living with HIV in Kyrgyzstan.","authors":"Aikul Ismailova, Aizhanat Tursunbekova, Aida Karagulova, Chynara Baibosova, Gulbarchyn Jumagulova","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.25","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to analyse the dynamics of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the Kyrgyz Republic, identify the main factors influencing mortality, and propose ways to improve national programmes aimed at combating HIV and AIDS. The study used the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematisation, induction and deduction. The study examined 2005-2024 government data on geographical inequalities, death reasons, and antiretroviral medication efficacy. The data showed that HIV-positive Kyrgyz people now die at 1.8 per 100,000, down from 5.5. Osh and Jalal-Abad provinces, where up to 58% of drug users inject, have minimal medical care, and severe stigma, had the greatest fatality rates. Tuberculosis was the top cause of mortality (36%), notably among drug injectors, who had a 4.7-fold higher risk. Liver illness killed 12% of people owing to viral hepatitis. From 42% in 2005 to 95% in 2024, antiretroviral therapy coverage considerably lowered mortality and improved prognosis for most patients. HIV mortality was lower in Chui and Issyk-Kul, where treatment is more accessible, than in the south. The findings showed that HIV mortality can be reduced by improving prevention programs, increasing access to antiretroviral medication, and lowering societal stigma, especially among vulnerable groups. The results could improve national HIV/AIDS preventive and treatment programs by boosting access to antiretroviral therapy and addressing regional health service inequities.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 3","pages":"182-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mandibular Dislocation in a Patient Diagnosed with Bell's Palsy: A Case Report and Literature Review. 诊断为贝尔麻痹患者的下颌脱位1例报告及文献复习。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.10

Brender Leonan-Silva, João Pedro Lemos Silva da Costa, Matheus Raniery Nunes do Carmo, Rafael Alvim Magesty, Haroldo Neves de Paiva, Olga Dumont Flecha

{"title":"Mandibular Dislocation in a Patient Diagnosed with Bell's Palsy: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Brender Leonan-Silva, João Pedro Lemos Silva da Costa, Matheus Raniery Nunes do Carmo, Rafael Alvim Magesty, Haroldo Neves de Paiva, Olga Dumont Flecha","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.10","DOIUrl":"10.14712/23362936.2026.10","url":null,"abstract":"Mandibular dislocation is a musculoskeletal disorder often associated with trauma and anatomical predispositions, which can result in severe pain and difficulty moving the mandible. Some conditions, such as Bell's palsy, can mimic signs and symptoms of mandibular dislocation, confusing some professionals during diagnosis. For this reason, a detailed anamnesis and clinical examination, combined with complementary tests such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are necessary for a reliable diagnosis. The aim of this case report was to explore the management of mandibular dislocation, highlighting the importance of a detailed anamnesis and the use of complementary tests in the differential diagnosis of complications associated with temporomandibular disorders. Patient, 66-years-old, was referred to by her neurologist with a suspected relapse of Bell's palsy. After initial assessment, the suspicion was ruled out and a left-sided mandibular dislocation was hypothesized. A CT scan was requested, which confirmed the diagnosis. The treatment adopted was a maneuver to reposition the mandibular condyle in the articular fossa and the use of an anterior partial plate to stabilize mouth opening and closing. The patient received counselling therapy on more stable mandibular movement and was monitored to prevent recurrences. Confirmation of mandibular dislocation requires careful assessment, combined with complementary tests for an accurate diagnosis that excludes other conditions such as Bell's palsy. Conservative treatment, with reduction maneuvers, counselling therapy and the use of the Front Plateau, were effective in recovering mandibular function.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jejunal Diverticulitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Overview. 空肠憩室炎：诊断和治疗综述。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.8

Clara Rosa Ventura, Marcelo de Queiroz Pereira da Silva, Thaís Nogueira Dantas Gastaldi, Márcio Luís Duarte

{"title":"Jejunal Diverticulitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Overview.","authors":"Clara Rosa Ventura, Marcelo de Queiroz Pereira da Silva, Thaís Nogueira Dantas Gastaldi, Márcio Luís Duarte","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.8","DOIUrl":"10.14712/23362936.2026.8","url":null,"abstract":"Jejunal diverticulitis is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition characterized by inflammation of jejunal diverticula, more commonly seen in elderly patients with comorbidities. While most cases remain asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during imaging studies, some patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain and discomfort. The diagnosis is challenging due to its low prevalence and non-specific clinical presentation, often mimicking other causes of acute abdomen like appendicitis or colonic diverticulitis. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is considered the gold standard for identifying diverticula, associated inflammatory changes, and potential complications. Ultrasound can also aid in diagnosis in certain cases. Management depends on the clinical severity. Uncomplicated cases generally respond well to conservative treatment with antibiotics and supportive care, while complicated cases may require surgical intervention. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent severe complications, such as perforation, bleeding, or obstruction, and to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Chronotherapeutic Considerations in Immunotherapy: A Case of Durable Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. 免疫治疗中的时间治疗考虑：一例转移性非小细胞肺癌的持久反应。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.18

Ivan Bivolarski

{"title":"Chronotherapeutic Considerations in Immunotherapy: A Case of Durable Response in Metastatic Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.","authors":"Ivan Bivolarski","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.18","DOIUrl":"10.14712/23362936.2026.18","url":null,"abstract":"Chronotherapy, the alignment of treatments with biological rhythms, has been explored in oncology, particularly for chemotherapy and targeted therapies, but its impact on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) efficacy remains underexplored. This research aimed to examine the potential chronotherapeutic effects of morning ICI administration on the long-term response to pembrolizumab in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), emphasising immune function stability via the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and to assess the clinical significance of circadian synchronisation in immunotherapy. This study utilised a retrospective case study methodology, examining the treatment records and serial hematologic data of a patient with metastatic NSCLC. A patient diagnosed with metastatic NSCLC in 2019 showed a lasting full response to pembrolizumab for more than 6 years. A retrospective analysis revealed consistent morning ICI administration (08:00-11:00 h) and a stable NLR (2.16-3.66) during the treatment period. In addition, serial haematologic analysis showed a stable NLR, ranging between 2.16 and 3.66 throughout the treatment course. This immunological stability may reflect enhanced immune function aligned with early-day innate immune activity, particularly neutrophil and antigen-presenting cell priming, which is known to follow circadian patterns. Although specific molecular circadian markers were not examined, this case highlights a significant issue in current medical practice: there is almost no consistency in the timing of immunotherapy treatments. Taken together with emerging retrospective data, these findings underscore the need for prospective studies evaluating the influence of treatment timing on immunotherapy efficacy and durable immune surveillance in solid tumours.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 2","pages":"119-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148279063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Retrospective Study of Lemmel's Syndrome: Single Centre 15-year Experience. 勒梅尔综合征回顾性研究：单中心15年经验。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.24

Poras Chaudhary, Sunny Thakur, Priyanshu Das, Abhinav Bhalla, Sumit Pathania, Rajeev Kumar

{"title":"A Retrospective Study of Lemmel's Syndrome: Single Centre 15-year Experience.","authors":"Poras Chaudhary, Sunny Thakur, Priyanshu Das, Abhinav Bhalla, Sumit Pathania, Rajeev Kumar","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.24","url":null,"abstract":"Lemmels's syndrome is obstructive jaundice due to periampullary duodenal diverticula in the absence of a neoplasm or choledocholithiasis. The aim of this study is to present our 15-year experience on this rare pathology. Endoscopy, imaging, and histopathology records of all the patients with obstructive jaundice who were managed in surgical unit 3 in our institute between January 2010 and December 2024 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients who were found to have periampullary duodenal diverticula were included in this study. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Of 10 cases of Lemmel's syndrome, there were 4 male and 6 female patients. Contrast enhanced computed tomography was done in all the cases and confirmed the diagnosis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was done in all the cases to rule out any other associated mucosal pathology of stomach or duodenum. Surgical intervention was done in 4 cases. Duodenal diverticula were detected in up to 27% of patients requiring upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and imaging studies; while they became symptomatic in only 1-2% of the cases and were causing complications in up to 5% of the cases. Before attributing periampullary diverticula as a cause of obstructive jaundice, it is important to rule out other benign as well as malignant pathologies causing obstructive jaundice.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 3","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accidental Environmental Hypothermia in a Nonagenarian Resulting in Cardiac Arrest. 意外环境低温导致心脏骤停的一位九十岁老人。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.6

Jan Stingl, Francis X Guyette, Tomáš Drábek

{"title":"Accidental Environmental Hypothermia in a Nonagenarian Resulting in Cardiac Arrest.","authors":"Jan Stingl, Francis X Guyette, Tomáš Drábek","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.6","DOIUrl":"10.14712/23362936.2026.6","url":null,"abstract":"Accidental hypothermia after environmental exposure and/or impaired thermoregulation resulting in significant decrease in body temperature and cardiac arrest (CA) is linked to 1,500 deaths annually in the United States. Hypothermic CA treatment has specific presentation and clinical features. With appropriate treatment, its survival can reach 27-70%, contrasting ~ 10% in medical CA. Majority of accidental hypothermic CA survivors recover with favourable neurologic outcome. An integrated, dedicated multi-disciplinary team-approach is essential to maximize the chances of survival. We report on a 91-year-old female who was found outside and unresponsive in freezing temperatures. During transport, she required bag-and-mask ventilation. An esophageal temperature recorded 24.5 °C. Shortly after rapid sequence intubation, she developed CA. She was successfully resuscitated with chest compressions, epinephrine, atropine, and two defibrillations. Due to persistent hypothermia and bradycardia, she was rewarmed using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography showed normal cardiac function. She was extubated the next day. She remained stable for the rest of her hospital stay without focal neurological deficits on serial examinations. However, her post-arrest stay was complicated by acute delirium, likely from underlying dementia, with a waxing and waning level of consciousness, confusion, agitation and hallucinations. She was discharged on post-operative day 5. Her long-term recovery was complicated by repeated aspiration pneumonias, and gradual decline of her mental status due to Alzheimer's dementia. She died approximately two years later at the age of 93. Thus, full neurologic recovery remains possible after CA induced by severe hypothermia from environmental exposure, despite extreme age and frailty.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0