Prague medical report最新文献

Evaluation of Glasgow Microenvironment Score in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Association with Prognostic Markers. 结直肠癌格拉斯哥微环境评分的评价及其与预后标志物的关系。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.2

Adil Aziz Khan, Sana Ahuja, Mukul Singh, Sufian Zaheer

{"title":"Evaluation of Glasgow Microenvironment Score in Colorectal Carcinoma and Its Association with Prognostic Markers.","authors":"Adil Aziz Khan, Sana Ahuja, Mukul Singh, Sufian Zaheer","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.2","url":null,"abstract":"Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, contributing significantly to cancer-related mortality. Despite advancements in understanding CRC's pathophysiology, traditional staging systems like tumour, node, and metastasis (TNM) lack comprehensive prognostic indicators, particularly regarding tumour microenvironment and host-related factors. The Glasgow Microenvironment Score (GMS) integrates inflammatory cell infiltration and stromal percentage, offering a potentially more comprehensive prognostic tool. This study aims to evaluate GMS in CRC and its correlation with established clinicopathological prognostic markers and pathological tumour, node, and metastasis (pTNM) staging. A retrospective study involving 68 CRC patients who underwent curative surgery between January 2022 and March 2024. Haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were assessed for inflammatory infiltration (Klintrup-Mäkinen score) and tumour stromal percentage, forming the GMS. Statistical analyses evaluated associations between GMS and clinicopathological markers, including lymphovascular invasion (LVI), perineural invasion (PNI), nodal status, and histological grading. The study found significant correlations between GMS and poor prognostic markers. High GMS was associated with increased LVI, PNI, and nodal involvement. GMS showed significant associations with LVI (p<0.0003), PNI (p<0.026), and nodal involvement (p<0.002). GMS serves as a robust prognostic indicator in CRC, correlating with key pathological features that influence patient outcomes. This scoring system could enhance traditional prognostic models, aiding in better stratification of CRC patients for therapeutic interventions.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Novel Approach to Ultrasound-guided Out-of-plane Lumbar Plexus Block Using the Shamrock Technique: Technical Report. 超声引导下三叶草技术治疗腰神经丛平面外阻滞的新方法：技术报告。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.9

Korgün Ökmen, Durdu Kahraman Yıldız, Gökberk Kürşat Ülker

引用次数: 0

Primary Mucinous Bladder Adenocarcinoma. 原发性膀胱粘液腺癌。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.7

Serdar Turan, Cem Tuğrul Gezmiş, Asim İsrafilov, Memduh Aydın, Mustafa Bahadır Can Balcı

引用次数: 0

Influence of Copper Tongue Scraper and Toothbrush on Morning Halitosis in Dentistry Students: A Brief Clinical Study. 铜刮舌器和铜牙刷对牙科学生晨间口臭影响的临床研究。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.5

Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto, Marcelo Coelho Goiato, Daniela Micheline Dos Santos, Stefan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon

{"title":"Influence of Copper Tongue Scraper and Toothbrush on Morning Halitosis in Dentistry Students: A Brief Clinical Study.","authors":"Clóvis Lamartine de Moraes Melo Neto, Marcelo Coelho Goiato, Daniela Micheline Dos Santos, Stefan Fiuza de Carvalho Dekon","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.5","url":null,"abstract":"The objective was to evaluate the influence of two tongue cleaning methods (copper tongue scraper and toothbrush) on morning halitosis in dental students. Thirteen dental students were included. After training, the first participant took the halimeter home and used it for 6 days. On the first three days, halitosis was measured immediately after the participant woke up in the morning. The night before each of these first three days, before going to sleep, the participant cleaned their mouth with dental floss and a soft-bristled toothbrush. The individual's same soft-bristled toothbrush was also used to brush his tongue. Only one halitosis measurement was taken per day and the value was recorded each day (toothbrush group). On the fourth, fifth and sixth day, the same process was carried out, but the night before measuring halitosis, a copper tongue scraper was used to clean the participants' tongue. Only one halitosis measurement was taken per day and the value was recorded each day (tongue scraper group). Subsequently, for each participant, the highest halitosis value of the first three days (toothbrush group) was chosen, as well as the highest halitosis value of the last three days (tongue scraper group). The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the two groups (P<0.05). The halitosis value (median) in the toothbrush group was significantly higher than that in the tongue scraper group. Only the tongue scraper group showed a clinically acceptable halitosis value (imperceptible odour). Therefore, the copper tongue scraper is more recommended for cleaning the tongue.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"34-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Effectiveness of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Glucocorticoids in Managing Postoperative Pain Syndrome. 非甾体类抗炎药与糖皮质激素治疗术后疼痛综合征的疗效比较。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.1

Medina Jeenbaeva, Akylbek Shakirov, Ibragim Atabaev, Akylbek Burkanov, Zarema Boronchieva

{"title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs and Glucocorticoids in Managing Postoperative Pain Syndrome.","authors":"Medina Jeenbaeva, Akylbek Shakirov, Ibragim Atabaev, Akylbek Burkanov, Zarema Boronchieva","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticosteroids in reducing postoperative pain syndrome. For this purpose, information about postoperative pain syndrome was searched in PubMed, ResearchGate, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases for 2016-2024. Depending on the duration, it is classified into acute (up to 3 months) and chronic (3 months or more). Postoperative pain syndrome occurs due to tissue damage, the development of an inflammatory process, and a violation of nerve conduction. Risk factors include severe preoperative pain; mental disorders; anxiety; comorbidities; low income; lack of social support. Effective treatment of postoperative pain syndrome is the main factor for further recovery and a comfortable life of the patient. High-quality anaesthesia helps to cope with pain even at the acute stage and prevents chronicity of the process. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids in multimodal anaesthesia provide optimal anaesthesia in the postoperative period. They have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antiemetic effects. Prevention includes the appointment of preventive multimodal anaesthesia, the selection of minimally invasive surgical access to reduce the area of tissue injury; psychological support of patients at all stages of treatment; the appointment of rehabilitation interventions in the acute period. It was concluded that for adequate anaesthesia of postoperative pain, it is necessary to use nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoids as part of multimodal anaesthesia, because when used independently, they have an insufficient analgesic effect.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"3-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mandibular Dislocation in a Patient Diagnosed with Bell's Palsy: A Case Report and Literature Review. 诊断为贝尔麻痹患者的下颌脱位1例报告及文献复习。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.10

Brender Leonan-Silva, João Pedro Lemos Silva da Costa, Matheus Raniery Nunes do Carmo, Rafael Alvim Magesty, Haroldo Neves de Paiva, Olga Dumont Flecha

{"title":"Mandibular Dislocation in a Patient Diagnosed with Bell's Palsy: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Brender Leonan-Silva, João Pedro Lemos Silva da Costa, Matheus Raniery Nunes do Carmo, Rafael Alvim Magesty, Haroldo Neves de Paiva, Olga Dumont Flecha","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.10","url":null,"abstract":"Mandibular dislocation is a musculoskeletal disorder often associated with trauma and anatomical predispositions, which can result in severe pain and difficulty moving the mandible. Some conditions, such as Bell's palsy, can mimic signs and symptoms of mandibular dislocation, confusing some professionals during diagnosis. For this reason, a detailed anamnesis and clinical examination, combined with complementary tests such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are necessary for a reliable diagnosis. The aim of this case report was to explore the management of mandibular dislocation, highlighting the importance of a detailed anamnesis and the use of complementary tests in the differential diagnosis of complications associated with temporomandibular disorders. Patient, 66-years-old, was referred to by her neurologist with a suspected relapse of Bell's palsy. After initial assessment, the suspicion was ruled out and a left-sided mandibular dislocation was hypothesized. A CT scan was requested, which confirmed the diagnosis. The treatment adopted was a maneuver to reposition the mandibular condyle in the articular fossa and the use of an anterior partial plate to stabilize mouth opening and closing. The patient received counselling therapy on more stable mandibular movement and was monitored to prevent recurrences. Confirmation of mandibular dislocation requires careful assessment, combined with complementary tests for an accurate diagnosis that excludes other conditions such as Bell's palsy. Conservative treatment, with reduction maneuvers, counselling therapy and the use of the Front Plateau, were effective in recovering mandibular function.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"55-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Jejunal Diverticulitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Overview. 空肠憩室炎：诊断和治疗综述。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.8

Clara Rosa Ventura, Marcelo de Queiroz Pereira da Silva, Thaís Nogueira Dantas Gastaldi, Márcio Luís Duarte

{"title":"Jejunal Diverticulitis: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Overview.","authors":"Clara Rosa Ventura, Marcelo de Queiroz Pereira da Silva, Thaís Nogueira Dantas Gastaldi, Márcio Luís Duarte","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.8","url":null,"abstract":"Jejunal diverticulitis is a rare and often underdiagnosed condition characterized by inflammation of jejunal diverticula, more commonly seen in elderly patients with comorbidities. While most cases remain asymptomatic and are incidentally discovered during imaging studies, some patients may present with nonspecific symptoms such as abdominal pain and discomfort. The diagnosis is challenging due to its low prevalence and non-specific clinical presentation, often mimicking other causes of acute abdomen like appendicitis or colonic diverticulitis. Computed tomography with intravenous contrast is considered the gold standard for identifying diverticula, associated inflammatory changes, and potential complications. Ultrasound can also aid in diagnosis in certain cases. Management depends on the clinical severity. Uncomplicated cases generally respond well to conservative treatment with antibiotics and supportive care, while complicated cases may require surgical intervention. Early recognition and appropriate management are essential to prevent severe complications, such as perforation, bleeding, or obstruction, and to improve patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"48-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accidental Environmental Hypothermia in a Nonagenarian Resulting in Cardiac Arrest. 意外环境低温导致心脏骤停的一位九十岁老人。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.6

Jan Stingl, Francis X Guyette, Tomáš Drábek

{"title":"Accidental Environmental Hypothermia in a Nonagenarian Resulting in Cardiac Arrest.","authors":"Jan Stingl, Francis X Guyette, Tomáš Drábek","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.6","url":null,"abstract":"Accidental hypothermia after environmental exposure and/or impaired thermoregulation resulting in significant decrease in body temperature and cardiac arrest (CA) is linked to 1,500 deaths annually in the United States. Hypothermic CA treatment has specific presentation and clinical features. With appropriate treatment, its survival can reach 27-70%, contrasting ~ 10% in medical CA. Majority of accidental hypothermic CA survivors recover with favourable neurologic outcome. An integrated, dedicated multi-disciplinary team-approach is essential to maximize the chances of survival. We report on a 91-year-old female who was found outside and unresponsive in freezing temperatures. During transport, she required bag-and-mask ventilation. An esophageal temperature recorded 24.5 °C. Shortly after rapid sequence intubation, she developed CA. She was successfully resuscitated with chest compressions, epinephrine, atropine, and two defibrillations. Due to persistent hypothermia and bradycardia, she was rewarmed using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Perioperative transesophageal echocardiography showed normal cardiac function. She was extubated the next day. She remained stable for the rest of her hospital stay without focal neurological deficits on serial examinations. However, her post-arrest stay was complicated by acute delirium, likely from underlying dementia, with a waxing and waning level of consciousness, confusion, agitation and hallucinations. She was discharged on post-operative day 5. Her long-term recovery was complicated by repeated aspiration pneumonias, and gradual decline of her mental status due to Alzheimer's dementia. She died approximately two years later at the age of 93. Thus, full neurologic recovery remains possible after CA induced by severe hypothermia from environmental exposure, despite extreme age and frailty.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics in Patients with Hypertension and Post-Covid. 高血压患者及新冠肺炎后脑血流动力学的变化。

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.4

Oleksii Khaniukov, Viktoriia Krotova, Svitlana Panina, Olena Soya, Liubov Krotova

{"title":"Changes in Cerebral Hemodynamics in Patients with Hypertension and Post-Covid.","authors":"Oleksii Khaniukov, Viktoriia Krotova, Svitlana Panina, Olena Soya, Liubov Krotova","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.4","url":null,"abstract":"The study results are based on the data of examination of 73 patients with controlled hypertension of the II stage. The 1st study group consisted of patients with hypertension and history of Covid-19 infection (36 patients), the 2nd group - patients with hypertension was the control group. All patients were examined using ultrasound duplex scanning of head and neck vessels. The state of cerebrovascular reserve was studied according to the method of Lelyuk - the morphofunctional state of the middle cerebral artery in hypo- and hyperventilation. The vasomotor reactivity index was calculated. Statistical analysis methods were in accordance with generally accepted international standards. Thickening of the intimal media complex of the carotid arteries during ultrasound scanning of head and neck vessels was observed in 73 (100%) patients (intimal media complex more than 0.9 mm) in the area of maximum visual thickening. The vasomotor reactivity index in patients of the 1st study group was 35.4 (11.0; 49.2), in patients of the 2nd group - 46.7 (26.8; 76.4), which is a statistically significant difference, p=0.002, including the distribution of mean values and their descriptions in terms of the median and interquartile range Me (25%; 75%). Thus, patients with controlled hypertension and the history of Covid-19 infection were shown to have impaired cerebral blood flow, which was manifested by a decrease in the vasomotor reactivity index. When examining the main arteries of the head and neck, the vasomotor reactivity index should be determined to assess the state of cerebral hemodynamics and develop treatment measures.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

PD-L1 Expression in Gliomas: A Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in High-grade Tumours. 胶质瘤中PD-L1的表达：高级别肿瘤的潜在免疫治疗靶点

Prague medical report Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.14712/23362936.2026.3

Ayushi Agarwal, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Kepeemadam Balasubramanyam Shankar, Sana Ahuja

{"title":"PD-L1 Expression in Gliomas: A Potential Immunotherapeutic Target in High-grade Tumours.","authors":"Ayushi Agarwal, Charanjeet Ahluwalia, Kepeemadam Balasubramanyam Shankar, Sana Ahuja","doi":"10.14712/23362936.2026.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14712/23362936.2026.3","url":null,"abstract":"Gliomas are the most common primary tumours of the central nervous system, with glioblastoma (grade 4 glioma) being the most malignant form. Despite standard therapy, patient survival remains poor. Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis has shown promise in other cancers, but its role in gliomas remains under investigation. This study evaluates PD-L1 expression in gliomas and its correlation with tumour grade. A total of 50 histologically confirmed glioma cases were studied. Tumours were graded according to WHO 2021 CNS classification, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed using antibodies for IDH, ATRX, TP53, Ki67, and PD-L1. PD-L1 expression was scored using an immunoreactivity scale, and its association with tumour grade was analysed using ordinal regression. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Among the 50 gliomas, the majority were astrocytoma, IDH-mutant (54%) followed by glioblastoma, IDH-wild type (26%). Most tumours were grade 4 (44%), grade 2 (34%), or grade 3 (18%). PD-L1 expression was detected exclusively in grade 4 tumours, with 6 of 22 (27.27%) cases showing positive expression. No expression was noted in grade 1-3 tumours. The association between PD-L1 expression and tumour grade was statistically significant (p=0.007). PD-L1 expression is limited to high-grade (grade 4) gliomas, suggesting a role in immune evasion. These findings support the potential utility of PD-L1 as a biomarker to identify glioma patients who may benefit from anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy.","PeriodicalId":35490,"journal":{"name":"Prague medical report","volume":"127 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147475757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0