Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"[Structural activity relationship approaches for assessing genotoxicity].","authors":"Masamitsu Honma","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The focus of the latest legislative and governmental efforts is to establish simple screening tools for identifying those chemicals most likely to cause adverse effects without experimental testing of all chemicals of regulatory concern. The use of structure-activity relationship (SAR) models is a powerful in silico technique that should be considered for prioritizing chemicals for subsequent experimental verification. Because carcinogenicity and genotoxicity are among the toxicological endpoints that pose the highest concern for human health, efforts in SAR models for them have been much more pronounced than for any of the other human health end points. This review paper overviews the historical background of SAR models for predicting carcinogenicity and genotoxicity, the current status of capacity and usefulness of some in vitro genotoxicity SAR models, and their perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytogenetic study on safety evaluation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro].","authors":"Atsuko Matsuoka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are one of the promising sources for regenerative medicine. In general, hMSCs are supposed to grow indefinitely and differentiate to various kinds of cells. The indefinite growth is concerned due to its misleading to carcinogenesis in the practical use of hMSCs in regenerative medicine. In the present study, we investigated unexpected changes, especially in genetic aspect, in hMSCs during culture utilizing fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome specific DNA probes for chromosomes 1 and 4, or a locus specific identifier for c-myc. Three lots of hMSCs and three human cancer cell lines (HeLa S3, HOS and OUMS-27) were analyzed. The results of this study suggest that both observation of cell morphology and FISH analysis of c-myc aberrant cells in interphase cells are useful for evaluating safety of hMSCs expanded in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"50-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Analysis of preservatives used in cosmetic products: salicylic acid, sodium benzoate, sodium dehydroacetate, potassium sorbate, phenoxyethanol, and parabens].","authors":"Yoshiaki Ikarashi,&nbsp;Tadashi Uchino,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Preservatives are used to inhibit the growth of microorganisms in cosmetic products. The Japanese standards for cosmetics set restrictions on the maximum amount of each preservative added to cosmetics as per the purpose of use of cosmetics. For the investigation into the actual conditions of commonly used preservatives in commercial cosmetics, we analyzed parabens, phenoxyethanol, sodium benzoate, sodium dehydroacetate, salicylic acid, and potassium sorbate by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Twenty-one samples were obtained from cosmetic product manufacturers located in 14 prefectures in Japan. Among different acid- and salt-based preservatives, sodium benzoate was observed to have been used in many products. These acid- and salt-based preservatives were used with parabens in personal washing products, such as shampoo and soap. The labels of two of the cosmetic product samples displayed inaccurate ingredient information, that is, a preservative other than the one used in the corresponding product was listed on them. The amount of preservatives used did not exceed regulatory limits in any of the analyzed samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"85-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle fibers of an azo-dye mixture induce polyploidy in a Chinese hamster cell line CHL.","authors":"Atsuko Matsuoka,&nbsp;Yoshie Matsuda,&nbsp;Masa-aki Kaniwa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a routine Safety evaluation of chemicals included in household products, we found a mixture of azo dyes (CMBA, main component: N-[5-[(2-cyanoethyl)ethylamino]-4-methoxy-2-[(5-nitro-2,1-benzisothiazol-3-yl)azo]phenyl] acetamide) that precipitated in the culture medium in a characteristic fiber form (around 2 - 33 microm in length) similar to that of asbestos. We compared CMBA with an asbestos, chrysotile B, in a cytotoxicity, chromosome aberration (CA), and micronucleus (MN) test in a Chinese hamster lung cell line (CHL). In the cytotoxicity test, the 50% growth inhibition concentration was 11.0 microg/ml for CMBA and 0.398 microg/ml for chrysotile B asbestos. CMBA and chrysotile B both induced polyploidy in the CA test and equal-sized binucleated and polynuclear cells in the MN test. CMBA differs from chrysotile B chemically. The former is an organic chemical and the latter is a mineral. Although CMBA is soluble in methanol and can be safely disposed by burning, it should be handled carefully when manufactured in a factory.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29717116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Study on the effects of HTST pasteurization temperatures on Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in an industrial fluid milk-processing system].","authors":"Shizunobu Igimi,&nbsp;Shoichi Iriguchi,&nbsp;Shuko Monden,&nbsp;Yumiko Okada,&nbsp;Shigeki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Yasuyuki Mori","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Johne disease is ruminant chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). The domestic animals infected with this pathogen present severe weight loss due to chronic diarrhea and a reduction in lactation yield. These result in enormous economic loss since the affected animals are subsequently subject to artificial selections and disinfection of the environment are absolutely necessary. Furthermore, MAP has been suspected to have pathological relationship to Crohn's disease, human chronic granulomatous enteritis. The bacterium grows slower on solid culture and its colony becomes visible after two months of culture. In Japan, there has been almost no investigation on pasteurization temperature of commercial milk using MAP. It comes from the fact that the growth rate of MAP is very slow and that MAP is a related species to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which pasteurization condition has been well defined. The studies on the pasteurization conditions of commercial milk have been mainly targeted to reduce the risk of infection to Coxiella and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, there has been a concern about the possibility that MAP is remained in pasteurized milk because MAPs form an aggregate and the bacterium at its center may not receive enough heat to get pasteurized. From these reasons, the present study aims to investigate validity of the current pasteurization conditions of commercial milk by implementing experimental pasteurization at various pasteurization temperatures using milk experimentally infected with MAP, and to clarify if MAP is eliminated at these temperatures in order to achieve smooth enforcement of the current ministry order. We conducted plant pasteurization experiment at four pasteurization conditions (high temperature, short time (HTST); 82, 77, 72 degrees C for 15 seconds and low temperature, long time (LTLT); 63 degrees C for 30 minutes) using two MAP strains, ATCC19698 and OKY-20. In conclusion, there appeared no colony of the two MAP strains formed from the milk pasteurized at the four pasteurization conditions examined.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"81-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Pharmaceutical product quality control and good manufacturing practices].","authors":"Yukio Hiyama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report describes the roles of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) in pharmaceutical product quality control. There are three keys to pharmaceutical product quality control. They are specifications, thorough product characterization during development, and adherence to GMP as the ICH Q6A guideline on specifications provides the most important principles in its background section. Impacts of the revised Pharmaceutical Affairs Law (rPAL) which became effective in 2005 on product quality control are discussed. Progress of ICH discussion for Pharmaceutical Development (Q8), Quality Risk Management (Q9) and Pharmaceutical Quality System (Q10) are reviewed. In order to reconstruct GMP guidelines and GMP inspection system in the regulatory agencies under the new paradigm by rPAL and the ICH, a series of Health Science studies were conducted. For GMP guidelines, product GMP guideline, technology transfer guideline, laboratory control guideline and change control system guideline were written. For the GMP inspection system, inspection check list, inspection memo and inspection scenario were proposed also by the Health Science study groups. Because pharmaceutical products and their raw materials are manufactured and distributed internationally, collaborations with other national authorities are highly desired. In order to enhance the international collaborations, consistent establishment of GMP inspection quality system throughout Japan will be essential.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29722520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Researches on the in silico prediction of structure-activity relationship in the regulatory science sectors].","authors":"Akihiko Hirose","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Requirements of in silico toxicity prediction system are increasing in the chemical risk assessment fields, as well as in toxicity prediction at the early stage of the new drug development process. Recent amended chemical registration rules require internationally the risk assessment of huge amounts of existing chemicals. The (quantitative) structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) models are considered to be most effective tools for the acceleration of toxicity evaluation. In Europe or the United State, several research projects for the development of the (Q)SAR models are ongoing. Following this introduction, four researches on development of in silico prediction systems for (Q)SAR in the NIHS are reviewed. These activities must internationally contribute to the integrated chemical risk assessment approaches and/or could assist in the new drug development work.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"27-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29722523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Computational study on drug design and prediction of bioactivity for regulation of non-controlled psychotropic substances].","authors":"Masaaki Kurihara","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We demonstrated design and synthesis of rescue ligands for agonists of the mutant vitamin D receptor (Arg274Leu), and performed QSAR study of non-controlled psychotropic substances and docking study of non-approved or unauthorized pharmaceuticals, inhibitors of human phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) using computer simulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"29-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of perinatal exposure to the brominated flame-retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) on the developing immune system in rats].","authors":"Akiko Hachisuka,&nbsp;Ryosuke Nakamura,&nbsp;Yuji Sato,&nbsp;Rika Nakamura,&nbsp;Makoto Shibutani,&nbsp;Reiko Teshima","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the developmental immunotoxicity of brominated flame retardant, hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) , maternal Sprague-Dawley rats were given HBCD at dietary concentrations of 0, 100, 1000, 10000 ppm from gestational day 10 to postnatal day 21 (postnatal week 3, PNW3). At PNW3 and PNW11, lymphocytes in the spleen, thymus, and peripheral blood of male pups were subjected to flow cytometric analyses for expression of surface markers (CD3, CD4, CD8a, CD25, CD45RA, CD71, and CD161 (NKRP1A)). The spleen and thymus weights, and number of white blood cells of two organs did not change between HBCD-exposed and control groups at PNW3 and PNW11. A significant decrease in thyroid hormone T3 and increase in serum albumin concentration were observed at PNW3 and lasted until PNW11. By flow cytometric analysis, the dramatic change was not observed in the population of the splenic and thymic T/B lymphocyte between the HBCD treated groups and control group. In the peripheral blood of BNW3 rats, the population of activated T cells was decreased and that of inactivated B cells was increased. And the population of NK cells in the spleen was decreased. All of these changes were mild in degree, and returned to the normal levels by PNW11. Production of anti-KLH IgG antibody after KLH immunization was reduced by the 10000 ppm HBCD treatment. These results suggest that developmental exposure to the highest dose of HBCD had a weak immunomodulatory effect at PNW3, and most of the immunomodulatory effect had recovered to normal levels by PNW11.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"58-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from furniture and electrical appliances].","authors":"Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa,&nbsp;Hideto Jinno,&nbsp;Yoko Furukawa,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Therefore, furniture and other household products as well as building products may influence the indoor air quality. This study was performed to estimate quantitatively influence of household products on indoor air quality. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were investigated for 10 products including furniture (chest, desk, dining table, sofa, cupboard) and electrical appliances (refrigerator, electric heater, desktop personal computer, liquid crystal display television and audio) by the large chamber test method (JIS A 1912) under the standard conditions of 28 degrees C, 50% relative humidity and 0.5 times/h ventilation. Emission rate of total VOC (TVOC) from the sofa showed the highest; over 7900 microg toluene-equivalent/unit/h. Relatively high TVOC emissions were observed also from desk and chest. Based on the emission rates, the impacts on the indoor TVOC were estimated by the simple model with a volume of 17.4 m3 and ventilation frequency of 0.5 times/h. The estimated TVOC increment for the sofa was 911 microg/m3, accounting for almost 230% of the provisional target value, 400 microg/m3. The values of estimated increment of toluene emitted from cupboard and styrene emitted from refrigerator were 10% and 16% of guideline values, respectively. These results revealed that VOC emissions from household products may influence significantly indoor air quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"71-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}