Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"[Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from furniture and electrical appliances].","authors":"Toshiko Tanaka-Kagawa,&nbsp;Hideto Jinno,&nbsp;Yoko Furukawa,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Organic chemicals are widely used as ingredients in household products. Therefore, furniture and other household products as well as building products may influence the indoor air quality. This study was performed to estimate quantitatively influence of household products on indoor air quality. Volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions were investigated for 10 products including furniture (chest, desk, dining table, sofa, cupboard) and electrical appliances (refrigerator, electric heater, desktop personal computer, liquid crystal display television and audio) by the large chamber test method (JIS A 1912) under the standard conditions of 28 degrees C, 50% relative humidity and 0.5 times/h ventilation. Emission rate of total VOC (TVOC) from the sofa showed the highest; over 7900 microg toluene-equivalent/unit/h. Relatively high TVOC emissions were observed also from desk and chest. Based on the emission rates, the impacts on the indoor TVOC were estimated by the simple model with a volume of 17.4 m3 and ventilation frequency of 0.5 times/h. The estimated TVOC increment for the sofa was 911 microg/m3, accounting for almost 230% of the provisional target value, 400 microg/m3. The values of estimated increment of toluene emitted from cupboard and styrene emitted from refrigerator were 10% and 16% of guideline values, respectively. These results revealed that VOC emissions from household products may influence significantly indoor air quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"71-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Approval of ISO/IEC 17025 and quality control of laboratory testing].","authors":"Shigeki Yamamoto,&nbsp;Hiroshi Asakura,&nbsp;Kenji Machii,&nbsp;Shizunobu Igimi","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>First section of Division of Biomedical Food Research, National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS) was approved by ISO/IEC 17025 as a laboratory having an appropriate laboratory testing technique. NIHS is the first national laboratory approved by ISO/IEC 17025. NIHS has also been accepted the appropriate technique and facility for the BSL3 level pathogens by ISO/IEC 17025. NIHS is necessary to take an external audit almost every year. This approval is renewed every 4 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"78-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Perspective of predictive toxicity assessment of in vivo repeated dose toxicity using structural activity relationship].","authors":"Atsushi Ono","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tens of thousands of existing chemicals have been widely used for manufacture, agriculture, household and other purposes in worldwide. Only approximately 10% of chemicals have been assessed for human health hazard. The health hazard assessment of residual large number of chemicals for which little or no information of their toxicity is available is urgently needed for public health. However, the conduct of traditional toxicity tests which involves using animals for all of these chemicals would be economically impractical and ethically unacceptable. (Quantitative) Structure-Activity Relationships [(Q)SARs] are expected as method to have the potential to estimate hazards of chemicals from their structure, while reducing time, cost and animal testing currently needed. Therefore, our studies have been focused on evaluation of available (Q)SAR systems for estimating in vivo repeated toxicity on the liver. The results from our preliminary analysis showed the distribution for LogP of the chemicals which have potential to induce liver toxicity was bell-shape and indicating the possibility to estimate liver toxicity of chemicals from their physicochemical property. We have developed (Q)SAR models to in vivo liver toxicity using three commercially available systems (DEREK, ADMEWorks and MultiCASE) as well as combinatorial use of publically available chemoinformatic tools (CDK, MOSS and WEKA). Distinct data-sets of the 28-day repeated dose toxicity test of new and existing chemicals evaluated in Japan were used for model development and performance test. The results that concordances of commercial systems and public tools were almost same which below 70% may suggest currently attainable knowledge of in silico estimation of complex biological process, though it possible to obtain complementary and enhanced performance by combining predictions from different programs. In future, the combinatorial application of in silico and in vitro tests might provide more accurate information which support regulatory decisions. At the same time, an appropriate strategy to use (Q)SAR for of the efficiency and accuracy in chemical management is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 128","pages":"44-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"29721976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Literature survey of Salmonella contamination in eggs and egg products in the world].","authors":"Hodaka Suzuki,&nbsp;Shigeki Yamamoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salmonella species are common bacterial pathogens associated with human gastroenteritis worldwide. In Japan, salmonellosis is one of the main food-borne bacterial illnesses and, especially, Salmonella Enteritidis infections have been strongly associated with the consumption of eggs and egg-containing foods. In this study, we performed the literature survey of Salmonella contamination in shell eggs and liquid eggs worldwide for comparing the prevalence among the countries and summarized in the tables. This survey clarified that one out of several thousands of retail shell eggs were contaminated with Salmonella spp. in Japan and the prevalence of Salmonella in retail shell eggs were higher in some countries. This paper is useful for providing referable data on Salmonella contamination in shell eggs and liquid eggs in Japan, especially for researchers of other countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28849929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cytotoxicity of fullerene (60), carbon nanotube, and their derivatives in V79 cells and cultured normal human astrocytes].","authors":"Takashi Yamada,&nbsp;Yeon-Suk Jung,&nbsp;Toshie Tsuchiya,&nbsp;Atsuko Matsuoka","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fullerenes are a family of carbon allotropes, molecules composed entirely of carbon. Fullerenes have been developed in various forms and functions and are expected to be used for novel medical materials targeting on brain. Information on cytotoxicity of fullerenes on brain function, however, is few; thus we examined the effect of fullerenes on the brain astrocytes in this study. We used fullerene [60], hydroxylated-fullerene [60], carboxylated-fullerene [60], dimalonilated-fullerene [60], carboxylated-carbon nanotube and amino-carbon nanotube. At first, we examined cytotoxicity of fullerenes by V79 colony assay. Fullerenes inhibited the cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner, but 50 percent growth inhibition concentrations were different among fullerene derivatives, which we used. Cytotoxicity of carbon nanotubes was stronger than that of fullerenes. Secondly, we performed the microtiter tetrazolium assay of normal human astrocytes and measured the effects of fullerenes on cell activity. Fullerenes and carbon nanotubes decreased mitochondrial activity. In addition to this, it was observed that fullerenes and nanotubes adhered to cells. These results suggest that fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have cytotoxicity and the effects are different from each other due to their side chain and steric forms. We expected that fullerenes and carbon nanotubes gave physical stress to cells and caused cytotoxicity. In conclusion, it was suggested that safety evaluation is needed for fullerenes and carbon nanotubes individually.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"39-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28848588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Detection of clobetasol propionate in a cream advertised to be effective against atopic dermatitis].","authors":"Yoshiaki Ikarashi,&nbsp;Yoko Takita,&nbsp;Tadashi Uchino,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addition of medical ingredients to cosmetics is prohibited. However, last year some cases of illegal cosmetics containing steroids were successfully identified. We have already reported an analytical method to detect steroids in cosmetics [Bull. Natl. Inst. Health Sci, 126, 51-56 (2008)]. In this study, we initially examined whether this method could be applied for the detection of some new steroids as target chemicals. We then used this developed method to detect steroids in cosmetics obtained from manufacturers by spot checks. These manufacturers have been advertising the effectiveness of a steroid-free cream against atopic dermatitis. The results revealed that clobetasol propionate (CP) was present in this facial moisturizing cream, which was available in the market. The steroid was extracted with methanol. After ultrasonication and centrifugation, the resulting supernatant was injected into the high-performance liquid chromatography system equipped with an ODS column. The separation was achieved using a mixture of acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase. The retention times of the observed peaks were in accordance with those of some preservatives and CP. The presence of CP was also confirmed by thin-layer chromatography. The concentration of CP in the cream was approximately 0.039%. CP is a steroid that has the strongest effect as compared to those of other steroids. The cream was therefore recalled for safety reasons.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"54-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28848591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Studies on an analytic method for detection of prohibited ingredient, strontium dichloride in cosmetics].","authors":"Tadashi Uchino,&nbsp;Yoshiaki Ikarashi,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Strontium dichloride is one of the prohibited ingredients in cosmetics due to the Japanese Pharmaceutical Affairs Act. We established the analytical method for strontium dichloride in cosmetics by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The toothpaste was dispersed into water. After ultrasonication for 10 min, the solution was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 min. The supernatant was filtrated through a membrane (0.45 microm), diluted 100-times with water, and injected into CE. The calibration curve showed linear between the concentrations of strontium dichloride (from 2 to 50 microg/ml) and the peak area of strontium ion. Detection limit of strontium dichloride is 2 microg/ml. There was no interference of the ingredients in the toothpaste.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"62-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28849926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research strategy for evaluation methods of the manufactured nanomaterials in NIHS and importance of the chronic health effects studies].","authors":"Akihiko Hirose,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura,&nbsp;Jun Kanno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Manufactured nanomaterials are one of the most important substances for the nanotechnology. The nanomaterials possess different physicochemical properties from bulk materials. The new properties may lead to novel biological effects and also may or may not cause unknown adverse effects. However, the toxicological evidences are very limited, and there are no standardized evaluation methods at present. Some domestic and international activities are ongoing, in order to share the information or to standardize the methods. In 2005, our institute launched the research on the establishment of health risk assessment methodology of manufactured nanomaterials by funding from the research grants of the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The project contains four themes. The first is development of measurement methods of nanomaterials from biological samples. The second is development of dispersion methods in in vitro systems. The third is development of inhalation exposure systems. And the last is development of in vivo systems for evaluating long-term health effects. As evaluation materials, fullerene, titanium oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were chosen because of their high production volumes. In the course of the research project, we revealed that the nanomaterials were competent to cause chronic effects, by analyzing intraperitoneal administration studies and carcinogenic promotion studies. These studies suggested that even aggregated nanomaterials were crumbled into nano-sized particles inside the body during the long-term, and the particles were transferred to other organs. Additionally, long lasting particles/fibers in the particular tissues may cause chronic adverse effects. The phsyco-chemical properties or toxicity mechanism related with these chronic effects were considered to be different from those properties or mechanism related to acute toxicity. Therefore, we suggested that the toxicological characterization of chronic effects by nanomaterials would be important for the future research. Also, investigations of the toxicokinetic properties and biological interaction with nanomaterials are important to predict the chronically targeted tissues after exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"15-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28848585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Development of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of fullerenes C60 and C70 in biological samples].","authors":"Reiji Kubota,&nbsp;Maiko Tahara,&nbsp;Kumiko Shimizu,&nbsp;Naoki Sugimoto,&nbsp;Akihiko Hirose,&nbsp;Tetsuji Nishimura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wide application of fullerenes in various areas would increase the risk of occupational and environmental exposure to human. However, information about toxicity and biological behavior of fullerenes is not sufficient for the risk assessment at present. For the determination of fullerene C60 in biological samples, an analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography--tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and extraction procedure from tissues of experimental animals was established in this study. Using LC-MS/MS with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization in negative mode, C60 were identified and quantified. After optimization of mobile phase and separation column, good separation of peak of fullerene and sensitivity were obtained in case of using toluene and acetonitrile as the mobile phases and Develosil RPFULLERENE as the separation column. For method validation, rat brain, kidney, liver, lung, spleen tissues and blood were used for recovery tests. Good results were obtained and the recovery percentages were found to be between 98.1% and 106.5%.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"65-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28849927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploratory studies on genetic biomarkers related to serious drug adverse reactions].","authors":"Nahoko Kaniwa,&nbsp;Ryuichi Hasegawa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Serious adverse events (SAEs) induced by drugs occur rarely, but the symptoms are very critical and generally not related to their pharmacological activities. Although SAEs should be avoided wherever possible, their occurrence is unpredictable at this time. In this article, we describe the clinical condition, figures on reported occurrence in Japan and studies on genetic markers related to serious cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), drug induced liver injury (DILI and rhabdomyolysis among SAEs. Then we introduce our last 3 years' approach of exploratory study on genetic markers for Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), two of SCARs, useful for Japanese patients, including construction of a new case collection system, study methodology and progress. As the result at this moment, no Japanese SJS/TEN patients including 12 carbamazepine-related and 23 aromatic anti-epileptic agent-related ones carried HLA-B 1502 that was reported to have a strong association with carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN in Han Chinese patients. On the other hand, 5 in 15 allopurinol-related SJS/TEN patients were found to have HLA-B 5801 that was detected as a genetic marker for allopurinol-induced SCARs in Han Chinese and Caucasians. Hereafter, we have a plan to begin the new exploratory studies on genetic markers for DILI and rhabdomyolysis, in addition to SJS/TEN patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":35462,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of National Institute of Health Sciences","volume":" 127","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"28848584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}