Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research最新文献_第2页

Principal Aliphatic Secondary Amines of Burley Tobacco 白肋烟的主要脂肪族仲胺

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0249

L. Bush

引用次数: 2

Measurement of Paper Porosity 纸张孔隙率的测量

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0256

D. Butters

{"title":"Measurement of Paper Porosity","authors":"D. Butters","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0256","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The ''porosity'' or ''air permeability'' of cigarette tissue is measured by many different instruments, is expressed in various units and it is frequently impossible to correlate such measurements and the readings of such instruments. The property of a paper whereby it allows air and gases to pass through it while still containing the burning tobacco rod is of great and increasing interest in both the Research Laboratory and Raw Material Control Laboratory of the cigarette and filter rod manufacturer. Interest in papers of higher air permeability continues to grow, particularly in regard to the so-called ''Health Hazards of Smoking\", and thus the effect of smoke dilution. Such interest by the cigarette and filter rod manufacturer necessarily means that the paper manufacturer must pay especial attention to this property during paper manufacture and in development work. He also requires to define and measure the property in his control and research laboratories. Unfortunately, there is no common language to describe this property and as interest in higher porosities grows so the shortcomings of some methods of measurement are highlighted. The situation is further complicated by the need of control laboratories for robust, simple to operate instruments, while a research laboratory might be more interested in accuracy and precision, while being less affected by the demands of careful operation and manipulation. Likely sample sizes can also vary, from small spills cut from individual cigarettes or rods, through long narrow skeins to the papermakers' sheets. A standard definition of air permeability of a sheet of paper has therefore been proposed and an instrument has been designed, using this definition, to meet the requirements of all interested parties. A number of these instruments have been built and proved by practical usage","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86176632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. XIII. Inhibition of the Pyrosyntheses of Several Selective Smoke Constituents 烟草烟雾的化学研究。十三。几种选择性烟雾成分的热合成抑制作用

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0255

G. Rathkamp, D. Hoffmann

{"title":"Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. XIII. Inhibition of the Pyrosyntheses of Several Selective Smoke Constituents","authors":"G. Rathkamp, D. Hoffmann","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0255","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Earlier studies demonstrated that polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are selectively reduced in the smoke of alkali nitrate rich tobaccos. We hypothesized, therefore, that in the burning cone of a tobacco product, the non-volatilized organic compounds are partially pyrolyzed to C,H-radicals that may combine with each other and form, among others, the thermodynamically favoured PAH. Since we have in the burning cone of nitrate rich tobaccos an excess of thermically activated nitrogen oxides, we assumed that these may react as scavengers for C,H-radicals and, with it, partially inhibit the PAH pyrosynthesis. The present study was designed to challenge our working hypothesis. For the experiments we employed cigarettes to which we had added various amounts of KNO3 (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0 and 8.0 %). As expected, the yields of nitromethane, nitroethane, and nitrobenzene in the smoke increased with the increased of nitrate in the tobacco and the yields of phenanthrene, benz[a]anthracene, and benz[a]pyrene decreased. The concentration of naphthalene was only to a minor degree reduced with the increase of nitrates in the tobacco. One explanation for this observation could be that naphthalenes are primarily formed from specific tobacco terpenes, as suggested in the literature. As was expected, the smoke yields of N-unsubstituted and N-alkylated indoles was relatively little affected by the increase in the nitrate content, since these agents are predominantly formed from tryptophan. It was our objective to contribute to the understanding of the pyrosynthesis of carcinogenic PAH and the selective reduction of PAH in the smoke of nitrate rich tobacco. With the increase of our knowledge in this area we may also find an explanation for the reduced tumorigenicity of condensates from nitrate rich tobaccos","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81523255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

''Ripening'' Tobacco with the Ethylene-Releasing Agent 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid 乙烯释放剂2-氯乙基膦酸“催熟”烟草

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0247

G. L. Steffens, J.G. Alphin, Z.T. Ford

{"title":"''Ripening'' Tobacco with the Ethylene-Releasing Agent 2-Chloroethylphosphonic Acid","authors":"G. L. Steffens, J.G. Alphin, Z.T. Ford","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0247","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Treatment of flue-cured tobacco with the ethylene releasing agent 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (CEPA) caused mature leaves to lose their green colour and turn yellow. The treated leaves appeared to go through a partial \"yellowing'' or \"colouring\" phase prior to harvest. Treated leaves at harvest contained greater amounts of reducing sugars and lower levels of starch, relative to comparable untreated leaves. At the end of the curing process, comparisons between treated and untreated leaf showed that only small differences existed in total nitrogen, total alkaloids, starch, and reducing sugars. Statistically, protein of leaf treated with CEPA was significantly lower as compared to untreated leaf. For all yellowing times, dollar values per hundred weight of cured leaf from treated plants were higher than from untreated plants, but the average weight per leaf from treated plants was lower. During the curing process, leaf treated with CEPA can probably be subjected to shorter periods of yellowing or colouring than untreated leaf. If further work with \"ripening'' chemicals such as CEPA show that they can be used to hasten yellowing or ripen tobacco successfully, as well as to reduce the time required for curing the crop, economic advantages are likely to accrue. It is to be hoped that such chemicals may help reduce the labour and investment required for crop production, and at the same time improve crop quality","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84268904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Cigarette Smoke Formation Studies. I. Distribution and Mainstream Products From Added 14C- Dotriacontane-16,17 香烟烟雾形成研究。一、添加14C-多三康烷的分布及主流产品16,17

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0253

R. W. Jenkins, R. H. Newman, R. Carpenter, T.S. Osdene

引用次数: 12

Tobacco Chemistry. 3: Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Constituents of Greek Tobacco 烟草化学。3:希腊烟草的不饱和烃成分

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0248

R. A. Appleton, C. Enzell, B. Kimland

{"title":"Tobacco Chemistry. 3: Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Constituents of Greek Tobacco","authors":"R. A. Appleton, C. Enzell, B. Kimland","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0248","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tobacco from Serres, Greece, has been studied with respect to the content of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The isolation of these constituents involved as a key step distillation with the aid of a new technique using carbon dioxide as carrier gas and total condensation of this and the distillate at liquid nitrogen temperature. In addition to the main constituent, neophytadiene, the unsaturated hydrocarbon fraction was shown to contain a series of aromatic compounds. These were examined by means of gas chromatography on capillary columns and also by gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Fractions were examined before and after elimination of smaller amounts of accompanying olefinic material with the aid of osmium tetroxide. The aromatic constituents were found to be alkylated benzene and naphthalene derivatives, of which many have been identified unambiguously. The vast majority of these have not previously been encountered in tobacco. Several have, however, been detected in smoke and the present results therefore show that these compounds are not necessarily formed solely in the pyrolysis process","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87502025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Screening Procedures for Organophosphorus, Organochlorine and Carbamate Pesticide Residues on Tobacco 烟草上有机磷、有机氯和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留的筛选方法

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0239

E. Nesemann, F. Seehofer

{"title":"Screening Procedures for Organophosphorus, Organochlorine and Carbamate Pesticide Residues on Tobacco","authors":"E. Nesemann, F. Seehofer","doi":"10.2478/cttr-2013-0239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/cttr-2013-0239","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A method has been developed that permits the qualitative and quantitative determination of a number of chlorinated and phosphate insecticide compounds on tobacco. Extraction with acetonitrile, partitioning into petroleum ether, cleanup on a Florisil column are followed by gas chromatography and determination with the microcoulometric system (halogen) and the thermionic detector (phosphorus). A procedure is presented for the extraction and determination of the thiophosphates and water-soluble metabolites remaining in the acetonitrile-water layer after petroleum ether partitioning. Carbamate insecticides are extracted with methylene chloride, partitioned into water, separated by thin-layer chromatography, identified and estimated by colourimetry. Recoveries of the compounds (diazinon, parathion, Guthion, malathion, dimethoate) from tobacco fortified just prior to extraction ranged from 74 to 104 %; DDVP, Dipterex, Metasystox R 50 to 78 %, aldrin, DDT, lindane, thiodan 88 to 101 %, carbaryl, Unden 75 to 82 %, at levels of 0.5 ppm. The results for the field application of these 14 different insecticides on tobacco are presented. They show that there are nil or negligible residues from 8 organophosphorus and 1 carbamate insecticides (Unden); carbaryl and thiodan are well below the legal tolerances. Only the treatment of tobacco with lindane, DDT and aldrin (soil treatment) results in residues above the limit set","PeriodicalId":35431,"journal":{"name":"Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1970-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77783978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Cigarette Smoke Analysis by Computer - GLC 卷烟烟气的计算机GLC分析

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0241

J. Graham

引用次数: 0

Mass Spectrometric and Gas Chromatographic Evidence for Some New Components in the Gas Phase of Tobacco Smoke 烟草烟雾气相中一些新成分的质谱和气相色谱证据

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0240

K. Bartle, M. Novotny

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Some Humectants on the Properties of a Flue-Cured Tobacco/Die Wirkung einiger Feuchthaltemittel auf die Eigenschaften eines röhrengetrockneten Tabaks 一种空气黏液对烟草的作用

Beitrage zur Tabakforschung International/ Contributions to Tobacco Research Pub Date : 1970-11-01 DOI: 10.2478/cttr-2013-0243

H. Smit

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引用次数: 1