Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo最新文献

{"title":"[Life expectancy for the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. Part 2: Dynamics of old age threshold.]","authors":"A A Safarova, G L Safarova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper continues the study of the population ageing in the regions of the Northwestern Federal District. It characterized population ageing based on prospective ageing indicators that take into account remaining life expectancy. The dynamics of life expectancy (LE) at birth was analyzed. A computation and comparative analysis of the old age threshold for the regions that are part of the Northwestern Federal District have been carried out. A comparative analysis of ageing indicators - traditional and prospective (the proportion of the elderly and the share of the population above the old age threshold) was carried out. It has been found that there are no fundamental differences in the dynamics of life expectancy in older ages, as well as in the of old age threshold, between the regions considered. It is shown that for the male population in almost all regions in 2021, the value of the old age threshold is below 60 years, while for the female population the opposite inequality is observed. Thus, in 2021, the share of men over the old age threshold exceeds the proportion of the elderly in almost all regions considered, and for the female population, the share of the elderly is expected to be higher than the values of the prospective indicator.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 3","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prognosis of a high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the long-term period of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the elderly and senile.]","authors":"A R Ambartsumyan, K L Kozlov, E D Pyatibrat, A O Pyatibrat","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>After cholecystectomy, elderly patients require special attention, due to the influence of involution processes in the body on the formation of complications. To identify prognostic criteria for the formation of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of minimally invasive cholecystectomy, 159 men were examined. Dysregulation of the biliary tract was determined using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, elastography and magnetic resonance imaging of the liver. Microbial markers of the wall microbiome of the intestine were determined using chromatography-mass spectrometry. The relationship between an increase in body mass index and a decrease in the amount of obligate microbiome (r=-0,43, p<0,050), as well as with the formation of fatty liver degeneration in elderly patients, was revealed. The features of vegetative regulation in elderly people with fatty liver degeneration have been determined. It has been proven that in old age, a decrease in the number of obligate anaerobic association of microorganisms of the small intestine (on average from 15 659 to 7 630 in persons of the 2nd age subgroup and from 1 457 to 17 837 in the 3rd) is a predictor of fatty liver degeneration. The prognostic algorithm developed on the basis of the analysis of highly informative signs makes it possible to identify with an accuracy of at least 75% a high risk of fatty liver degeneration in the long-term period of cholecystectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 1-2","pages":"102-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141471255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Demographic and professional risks of depopulation among working population in Russia: 14 years later (analytical review).]","authors":"A S Bashkireva, A V Shishko, D Y Bogdanova, P P Anikeev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article presents a comparative analysis of the process of population aging in the context of demographic and professional risks of depopulation among working population in Russia. The values of the main medical and demographic indicators of population aging for Russia and developed countries were given. The results of UN forecasts, probabilistic forecasts of the total number and some characteristics of the age-sex structure for the population of the Russian Federation were analyzed. The state of demographic disadvantage in Russia and in the world was convincingly shown. Particular attention was paid to the consideration of the demographic risks of a reduction in the working-age population and an increase in the burden on the working-age population. The need for further research on the use of geroprotectors and modern gerontotechnologies as means and methods for preventing premature decline in work ability, slowing down the aging process of workers, reducing the mortality rate among working population and increasing professional longevity has been proven.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 3","pages":"198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Peptidergic regulation of expression of cellular aging marker proteins in buccal epithelium.]","authors":"O M Ivko, S V Trofimova, A V Trofimov, Z Sharkovich, V A Mogilev","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The review presents the results of long-term research conducted by the staff of the Saint-Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, dedicated to the study of the biological activity of peptide bioregulators at all levels of a living organism's organization. This review compares the findings of domestic and international studies in this field. At the same time, the priority of Russian scientists in the use of buccal epithelium as a diagnostic marker of age-associated pathology is indicated. This topic is widely studied around the world, but the leading role belongs to domestic scientists. Over the last century, there has been a significant shift in the way aging is viewed. Unlike in earlier centuries, when aging was primarily seen through social and ethical lenses, modern science approaches it as a physiological process with specific mechanisms within the body. The study of the polypeptide complex in the epiphysis and AEDG peptide revealed an effect on human circadian rhythms, as well as an increase in melatonin secretion in elderly people and those with reduced melatonin-producing function. This effect is achieved at the cellular level by regulating the expression of genes involved in circadian rhythms (Cry2, AANAT, ASMT, CLOCK), reducing the synthesis of proteins promoting apoptosis (p16, p21, p53), and regulating the synthesis of markers of functional cell activity (TERF-1, prohibitin, SIRT1, SIRT6). The results of this research indicate the potential of peptides from the epiphysis as new biologically active compounds that can stimulate melatonin production and correct circadian rhythm disorders in elderly and senile individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 5","pages":"516-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Research of medical social effectiveness of family care to elderly patients with chronic limb ischemia.]","authors":"R S Goloshchapov-Aksenov, A G Koledinsky, D I Kicha, S A Bagin, O V Rukodaynyy, P S Volkov, A G Uteva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forms of family assistance to elderly patients with chronic limb ischemia (CLI) are based on the communication motivation of the subjects of the system «patient-family-doctor» and activation of the medical function of the family. Objective - to research the medical social effectiveness of family care for elderly patients with CLI. Objects of the research (2017-2024): patients with stage 2A-3 CLI (n=615), average age 76±5,8 years; family members of patients participating in integrated (joint) consultations with the sick relative. Patients were divided into 2 groups: group A - 513 patients with stage 2B-3 CLI with indications for surgical treatment of CLI; group B - 102 patients with stage 2A-2B CLI without indications for surgical treatment of CLI. The research of the medical function of the family was carried out on the basis of the experience of the specialized department using a special questionnaire. The observation period was 24 months. The share of primary integrated consultations in group A was 42%, in group B - 17,6% (p=0,001). After 24 months follow up, increase of integrated consultations in group A was 16,7%, in group B - 161,4%. Medical social effectiveness of family care for elderly patients was achieved in the processes of accessibility of medical care, controlled dispensaryzation, compliance to physician's recommendations and survival. 2-year survival of patients was 98,05% (in group A - 97,9%, in group B - 100%). Medical social efficiency of pre-medical family care for elderly patients with CLI is based on the autonomous and controlled behavior of the system subjects «patient-family-doctor», professional competence of cardiovascular surgeons, information management of dispensarysation and activation of the medical function of the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 6","pages":"765-776"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageism among medical trainees and interns in Turkey and related factors.","authors":"M Picakciefe, E Tiric, B Dede, S Yesilbas, R Guven Cengiz, D Mulayim Gullu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of medical trainees and interns towards ageism and the factors that influence their attitudes. The population of the descriptive and cross-sectional study consisted of 165 trainees and 495 interns, a total of 660 medical students. The Turkish version of the Fraboni Scale of Ageism was used to evaluate attitudes toward older adult among medical students. Students of male gender, medical trainees, not living with grandparents, not visiting nursing homes, those who do not intend to pursue a career in geriatric medicine, and no prior care experiences with older adults were more likely to have negative attitudes toward older adults (p<0,05). The conclusion of this study was that the students who took part were more likely to have slightly negative attitudes toward older adults. However, medical trainees have more positive attitudes than interns. It is recommended that medical students should have a geriatric rotation, that students should be counseled on this issue, that ageing and the ageing process should be included more in the curriculum, and that interaction with older people in clinical practice and field studies should be increased.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 5","pages":"491-498"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Cognitive impairment and age-related eye pathology.]","authors":"A S Khalatyan, Y Yusef, K S Avetisov, A A Plyukhova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In developed countries age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and glaucoma are the most common diseases of old age that cause irreversible blindness. Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent cause of dementia among older adults, is often associated with AMD and glaucoma. Features of AD include extracellular accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and intracellular deposits of hyperphosphorylated forms of tau-protein. In addition, neuroinflammation and impaired iron metabolism in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of AD, which ultimately leads to progressive neuronal death and dementia. It was found that the retina of patients with AMD also accumulates Aβ and iron, as well as Aβ and p-tau in retinal ganglion cells affected by glaucoma, and concomitant inflammation aggravates the pathological process. Patients with AD experience a marked decline in visual function which is thought to develop before the decline in cognitive function. Some are caused by degeneration of the visual cortex, others by retinal ganglion cell loss or retinal degeneration associated with AMD.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 5","pages":"559-565"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Determination of the goals of therapeutic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients using a digital clinical calculator.]","authors":"N A Pervyshin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to the federal register, up to 3,77 million elderly Russians have a confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), the most important criterion for the effectiveness of treatment of which is the achievement of therapeutic control targets. At the same time, the structure of the algorithm for their assessment in elderly patients is quite complex and involves the analysis of many different parameters, including indicators of geriatric status. The aim of the study was to develop a digital clinical calculator for determining individual goals of DM2 control in elderly patients based on the principles of evidence-based medicine. The methodology of their assessment is based on the clinical recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on DM2 and senile asthenia, as well as taking into account the IDF guidelines. Priority attention is given to the assessment of glycemic control indicators. The Calculator matrix allows you to determine 5 response variables: the target range of HbA1c, target LDL and blood pressure levels, the number of risk factors for ASD and the category of functional dependence of an elderly person. The last parameter can be calculated automatically based on the results of processing information entered into the corresponding modules of the Calculator: the questionnaire block «Age is not a hindrance»; an original algorithm for screening for probable sarcopenia according to objective clinical criteria; windows for entering scores on the Bartel, Lawton and Mini-Cog scales. An analysis of the features of the therapeutic management of elderly patients with DM2 and clinical experience in the application of the Calculator led to the conclusion that it is necessary to limit the lower limit of the target range of HbA1c values for people over the age of 60 years, with an emphasis on a digital methodology for weighted risk assessment and the potential benefits of intensifying treatment of DM2, taking into account geriatric status; the results are stored in digital format, which allows you to use They are used for CGO and monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 5","pages":"537-545"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142915804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The effect of various visual impairments on the daily activities of older patients.]","authors":"E A Yaroshevich, A D Gnezdilova","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual impairment due to ophthalmological diseases significantly affects functional activity in everyday life, since good eyesight is crucial in daily activities. Data from 837 respondents were studied, allowing for analysis of such medical and demographic indicators as age, gender, level of education, visual acuity arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus. To measure functional status, the main activities in daily life (ADL) and instrumental activities in daily life (IADL) were evaluated using a modified version of the Katz scale and the IADL OARS scale. Statistical methods of Mantel-Hansel Chi-squared analysis were used to assess differences in the prevalence of functional blindness and visual deficit. The study showed that medical and demographic factors have a relatively smaller impact on vision deficiency compared to functional blindness, with age being a significant factor in both cases. Among the medical and demographic factors, the age of patients, as well as diabetes mellitus, significantly increase the development of visual deficiency and functional blindness. Functional blindness, in comparison with visual deficiency, causes more significant restrictions on activities in everyday life and instrumental activities in everyday life, and also causes dependence on help from others.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 3","pages":"238-242"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparability of comprehensive geriatric assessment and icope methodology for the primary assessment of geriatric status in social protection institutions.]","authors":"E A Voronina, O M Ivko, K M Sheveleva, V V Mikheev, S G Lenkin, A S Ponomarev, V V Bashuk, R K Kasymov, E N Yakusheva","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the study is to study the issue of comparability of comprehensive geriatric assessment and the methodology of integrated care for the elderly in institutions of the social protection system. The work was carried out on the basis of social protection institutions of the Kemerovo region - Kuzbass, a gerontological examination of 2 708 citizens over 60 years of age - potential recipients of gerontological prevention measures was conducted. In order to assess their functional abilities, an integrated care system for the elderly and a comprehensive geriatric assessment were used, followed by a comparison of the capabilities of both. The geriatric profile of the studied people was characterized by the prevalence of cognitive disorders, decreased motor activity, impaired nutrition and vision, the prevalence of hearing loss and symptoms of depression. The analysis of the results of the functional ability assessment and the results of a comprehensive geriatric assessment showed their reliable comparability in all positions in all groups of recipients of social services, which allows us to recommend the system for implementation in the practice of social work as a screening methodology for assessing the functionality of recipients of gerontological prevention programs (p<0,05). To carry out comprehensive gerontological prevention, it is advisable to use a screening scale for functional impairment and a comprehensive geriatric assessment within the questionnaires and scales available to the competence of social workers to identify the main domains of individual viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":35293,"journal":{"name":"Advances in gerontology = Uspekhi gerontologii / Rossiiskaia akademiia nauk, Gerontologicheskoe obshchestvo","volume":"37 6","pages":"744-747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143658891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}