Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika最新文献

{"title":"INVERSION OF BACKSCATTER IONOGRAMS INTO QUASI-PARABOLIC IONOSPHERIC LAYER PARAMETERS","authors":"S. Ponomarchuk, M. Penzin","doi":"10.12737/STP-63202009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/STP-63202009","url":null,"abstract":"We present an inversion scheme of the backscatter signal leading edge into parameters of the quasi-parabolic electron density profile, which is based on the comparison of experimental and calculated minimum delays of scattered signals with corresponding distance to the skip zone border. Input parameters are frequency dependences of minimum group path of signal propagation, derived from processing and interpreting backscatter ionograms. For a fixed sounding frequency, the ionospheric parameter pair — the critical frequency and height of the F2-layer maximum — is defined as the intersection point of two curves representing solutions of minimization problems for discrepancy functionals of the minimum group path and the range to the skip zone border. Determining the ionospheric parameters by this inversion scheme on the sounding frequency grid allows us to construct a two-dimensional distribution of electron density in the direction of backscatter sounding.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123436413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMPLITUDE VARIATIONS OF THE REFLECTED SIGNAL DURING VERTICAL SOUNDING OF THE IONOSPHERE AT MIDDLE LATITUDES","authors":"K. Yusupov, J. Mathews, T. Maruyama, A. Akchurin, M. Tolstikov, O. Sherstyukov, E. Filippova, A. Safiullin","doi":"10.12737/STP-63202010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/STP-63202010","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the main types of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal during vertical sounding of the ionosphere at middle latitudes. The initial experimental data is vertical sounding ionograms obtained by the Cyclone ionosonde. The ionosonde is located in Kazan (59°, 49°) and in standard mode allows us to receive one ionogram per minute. In the analysis, methods are used to visualize a large flow of ionograms in the form of final summary maps of the state of the ionosphere (A-, H-, As-maps). We give typical examples of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal in ionograms and on A-maps for various types of multipath beatings (polarization and due to signal scattering by ionospheric irregularities). Frequency properties of such beatings are used to estimate the difference in virtual reflection heights between modes of different polarizations with high accuracy, which makes it possible to refine the form of the electron density profile of the lower ionosphere. We have detected a phenomenon rare for the mid-latitude Es layer — beatings of two O modes with different virtual reflection heights. We also present features of quasiperiodic variations in amplitudes of a reflected signal on traces of the transient Es layer. We study possible causes of the appearance of such beatings.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114802592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OBSERVATIONS OF SPACE DEBRIS IN THE VICINITY OF ORBITS OF GLOBAL NAVIGATION SATELLITE SYSTEMS","authors":"I. Korobtsev, T. Tsukker, M. Mishina, V. Goryashin, M. Eselevich","doi":"10.12737/STP-63202014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/STP-63202014","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of the amount and characteristics of space debris in the vicinity of orbits of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is of significant interest from the viewpoint of safe operation of these systems. Attempts have repeatedly been made to search for space debris fragments in a given region of orbits, but have not led to cataloging such objects. Only in 2018, eight space objects were discovered which were not related to active or inactive spacecraft or their launch elements. Photometrical and trajectory observations with optical telescopes are practically the only source of information about characteristics of such objects. The paper presents a summary of the design features and technical characteristics of the new AZT-33VM telescope. We describe a technique for determining orbital parameters of non-cataloged space debris from optical measurements. We report the results of photometric observations of a space object, detected in the vicinity of orbits of the Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"1995 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130945597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ESTIMATED RELATIONS BETWEEN THE MAIN THERMOSPHERIC NEUTRAL COMPONENTS AT IONOSPHERIC F1-LAYER HEIGHTSABOVE IRKUTSK IN 2014–2017","authors":"G. Kushnarenko, O. Yakovleva, G. Kuznetsova","doi":"10.12737/STP-63202013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/STP-63202013","url":null,"abstract":"We have estimated seasonal variations in the main thermospheric gas components [O]/[N₂] and [O₂]/[O] for the period 2014–2017. We have used the well-known authoring technique and electron density measurements made with the Irkutsk digisonde (52° N, 104° E) at ionospheric F1-layer heights under different geomagnetic activity conditions. We have found that at these heights during geomagnetic disturbances in all seasons the molecular component of the neutral composition of the thermosphere increases and the atomic component decreases. In comparison with 2014, [O₂]/[O] values increased by 2017 under quiet and disturbed geomagnetic conditions: up to 30 % and 20 % in summer and spring respectively; up to 10 % in winter and autumn. The [O]/[N₂] ratio decreased by an average of 15 % by 2017. The assumption has been confirmed that in summer under quiet geomagnetic conditions the relative molecular oxygen content [O₂]/[O] increases with decreasing solar activity.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115315581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesostratospheric Lidar for the Heliogeophysical Complex","authors":"G. Matvienko, V. Marichev, S. Bobrovnikov, S. Yakovlev, A. Chistilin, V. Sautkin","doi":"10.12737/szf-62202007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-62202007","url":null,"abstract":"The Heliogeophysical Complex of RAS, which is developing at the Institute of Solar-Terrestrial Physics SB RAS in the Irkutsk region, includes instruments for studying the Sun, the upper atmosphere and the mesostratospheric lidar system (MS lidar) for analyzing the neutral part of the atmosphere from Earth’s surface to the thermosphere (100–110 km altitude). More specifically, the objective of the MS lidar is to measure profiles of thermodynamic parameters of the atmosphere and the altitude distribution of the aerosol-gas composition. To solve these problems, the MS lidar ensures the use of several laser sensing methods at a number of specially selected laser wavelengths in the total range 0.35–1.1 μm. In this case, the following types of scattering are used: molecular, aerosol, Raman, resonance, as well as differential absorption, Doppler broadening and shift of the spectrum of scattered radiation. The article describes the methods used in the MS lidar and the measured atmospheric characteristics.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132944433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific goals of optical instruments of the National Heliogeophysical Complex","authors":"R. Vasilyev, M. Artamonov, A. Beletsky, O. Zorkaltseva, E. Komarova, I. Medvedeva, A. Mikhalev, S. Podlesny, K. Ratovsky, T. Syrenova, M. Tashchilin, I. Tkachev","doi":"10.12737/stp-62202008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-62202008","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the upper atmosphere have to be performed using optical photometric and spectrometric means. Modern devices allow precise photometry of the glow of the night atmosphere — airglow — with high temporal spatial and spectral resolution. As a result, the obtained airglow parameters make it possible to determine the physicochemical properties of the upper atmosphere and observe their variation under the influence of various factors. The National Heliogeophysical Complex, which is being created in Eastern Siberia, is therefore to include a certain set of modern optical instruments. The paper presents the main phenomena that will be investigated by the optical instruments of the complex, provides information on their composition and scientific goals, presents the results of preliminary studies performed using a prototype of the instruments. As a result of the studies, the presence of a significant (about 10 m/sec) vertical wind at various altitudes (100 and 250 km) was established, the importance of taking into account the vertical wind to study the vertical dynamics of the charged component was demonstrated. The long-term dynamics of the vertical wind at an altitude of about 100 km has a pronounced seasonal variations and the absence of diurnal variations, whereas the dynamics of the vertical wind at an altitude of 250 km has a pronounced diurnal variations, which is mostly clearly defined in winter. This suggests the presumed presence of vertical circulation cells at various altitude levels. The possibilities of optical stereoscopy and differential image analysis methods are demonstrated, as applied to the study of fast luminous formations and conducting active ground and space experiments to modify Earth's ionosphere. We report the results of the determination of a three-dimensional picture of a long-lived meteor track with the use of two wide-angle cameras. We propose an algorithm that allows us to get a stereo image of events occurring in the upper atmosphere, recorded simultaneously from different observation points. The joint work of the tools of this complex and the development of cooperation with third-party organizations are shown to be a good enough direction for further study of the vertical dynamics of Earth’s upper atmosphere and space weather phenomena.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114071242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Project of the Large Solar Telescope with mirror 3 m in diameter","authors":"V. Grigoryev, M. Demidov, D. Kolobov, V. Pulyaev, V. Skomorovsky, S. Chuprakov","doi":"10.12737/stp-62202002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-62202002","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important problems of modern solar physics is the observation of the small-scale structure of the solar atmosphere at various heights (including the chromosphere and corona) in different spectral lines. Such observations can be made only with large solar telescopes whose main mirror has a diameter of at least 3 m. Currently, several large solar telescopes are under construction or development in the world. In 2013 in Russia, the work began on the development of a national large solar telescope with a mirror 3 m in diameter (LST-3), which is a part (subproject) of the National Heliogeophysical Complex of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The telescope is planned to be located in the Sayan Solar Observatory at an altitude of more than 2000 m. The choice was made in favor of the classic axisymmetric Gregory optical layout on an alt-azimuth mount. The scientific equipment of LST-3 will consist of several systems of narrow-band tunable filters and spectrographs for various wave ranges. The equipment will be placed both in the main coude focus on a rotating platform and in the Nasmyth focus. To achieve a diffraction resolution, high-order adaptive optics (AO) will be used. It is assumed that with a certain modification of the optical configuration, LST-3 will work as a 0.7 m mirror coronograph in near infrared lines and can also be used for observing astrophysical objects in the nighttime.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116077033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DETERMINATION OF ILF-WAVE CHARACTERISTICS MOST STRONGLY REACTING TO MINOR CHANGES OF IONOSPHERIC ELECTRON DENSITY IN A HIGH-LATITUDE REGION","authors":"O. Akhmetov, I. Mingalev, O. Mingalev, V. Belakhovsky, Z. Suvorova, S. Chernyakov","doi":"10.12737/szf-54201911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-54201911","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use numerical experiment methods to address the problem of determining characteristics of ILF (0.3–3 kHz) electromagnetic waves recorded in the surface layer and providing the maximum amount of information about the Earth–ionosphere waveguide. We have analyzed the effect of the horizontal spatial structure of electron density of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide on propagation of electromagnetic waves. We have identified characteristics that allow us to record them by instrumental methods in conditions of weakly disturbed ionosphere. The density profiles used in numerical experiments have been obtained from data acquired by the Partial Reflection Radar at the Polar Geophysical Institute, located at the radiophysical observatory Tumanny in the Murmansk Region (69.0° N, 35.7° E), and by the IRI2016 model during the March 15, 2013 solar flare and the subsequent magnetic storm on March 17, 2013. The electromagnetic signal propagation model used in this work is the adaptation of gas-hydrodynamic methods to electrodynamic applications. The model is based on the scheme of upwind approximation of spatial derivatives (Godunov’s method with correction of streams). We also use splitting by spatial directions and physical processes. Signal field attenuation due to conductivity and its rotation due to Hall conductivity of the medium are considered in separate splitting steps by analytical formulas.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121638472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INFLUENCE OF THE ß SOLAR WIND PARAMETER ON STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE Ap INDEX IN THE SOLAR ACTIVITY CYCLE","authors":"Oleg Zotov, B. Klain, Nadezhda Kurazhkovskaya","doi":"10.12737/stp-54201906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-54201906","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use numerical experiment methods to address the problem of determining characteristics of ULF (0.3–3 kHz) electromagnetic waves recorded in the surface layer and providing the maximum amount of information about the Earth–ionosphere waveguide. We have analyzed the effect of the horizontal spatial structure of electron density of the Earth–ionosphere waveguide on propagation of electromagnetic waves. We have identified characteristics that allow us to record them by instrumental methods in conditions of weakly disturbed ionosphere. The density profiles used in numerical experiments have been obtained from data acquired by the Partial Reflection Radar at the Polar Geophysical Institute, located at the radiophysical observatory Tumanny in the Murmansk Region (69.0° N, 35.7° E), and by the IRI2016 model during the March 15, 2013 solar flare and the subsequent magnetic storm on March 17, 2013. The electromagnetic signal propagation model used in this work is the adaptation of gas-hydrodynamic methods to electrodynamic applications. The model is based on the scheme of upwind approximation of spatial derivatives (Godunov’s method with correction of streams). We also use splitting by spatial directions and physical processes. Signal field attenuation due to conductivity and its rotation due to Hall conductivity of the medium are considered in separate splitting steps by analytical formulas.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124255838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STATISTICALLY SIGNIFICANT ESTIMATES OF INFLUENCE OF SOLAR ACTIVITY ON PLANETARY WAVES IN THE MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE AS DERIVED FROM MUAM MODEL DATA","authors":"A. Koval","doi":"10.12737/szf-54201907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12737/szf-54201907","url":null,"abstract":"Numerical simulation has been used to examine the effect of changes in solar activity (SA) in the thermosphere on amplitudes of long-period planetary waves (PW) for the winter period in the Northern Hemisphere. The model of the middle and upper atmosphere (MUAM) is used. It allows simulations of general atmospheric circulation at altitudes 0–300 km. In order to reproduce SA changes, different values of the solar radio flux at a wavelength of 10.7 cm at an altitude of more than 100 km are set in the MUAM radiation block. To take into account the effect of charged particles in the ionosphere on the neutral gas dynamics, ionospheric conductivities for different SA levels are included in MUAM. To improve the statistical reliability of the results, two ensembles of model simulations consisting of 16 runs corresponding to the minimum and maximum SA have been obtained. The statistical confidence of average differences in PW amplitudes between high and low SA has been calculated. The results are shown to be reliable in almost the entire altitude range 0–300 km. Results of the simulations have shown for the first time that statistically significant differences in amplitudes of long-period PWs can reach 10–15 % in the middle atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere, depending on the zonal wave number. At the same time, reflection of PWs at altitudes of lower thermosphere has a significant effect on the PW structure in the middle atmosphere.","PeriodicalId":351867,"journal":{"name":"Solnechno-Zemnaya Fizika","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115298631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}