{"title":"Momentary Rupture? Dawn (1928) and the Transgressive Potential of the Edith Cavell Case","authors":"C. Sternberg","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter establishes the complex web of transgressions that underlie the enduring preoccupation with Edith Cavell, the English nurse and resistance worker who was executed in Belgium by German occupying forces during the First World War. The contribution then offers a close reading of the biographical anti-war film Dawn (dir. Herbert Wilcox, UK 1928) which constitutes a transgressive text in its own right. Politically, this late silent production brings back the Cavell story at a time of public forgetting, provoking instances of censorship and self-censorship. In narrative terms, Dawn subverts cinemagoers’ certainties by introducing a new paradigm to British screens for the depiction of the Great War more generally. Finally, Dawn’s pacifist feminism and humanisation of the enemy, as proposed by writer Reginald Berkeley, are ideological border crossings that attempt to refashion the Cavell myth. By comparing the editing and intertitles of the British and Belgian versions of the film, the chapter concludes that Dawn remains an exception within visual culture and the representation of Cavell and her executioners.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"116 33","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131943032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Religious Pacifism and the Hollywood War Film: From Sergeant York (1941) to Hacksaw Ridge (2017)","authors":"Guy Westwell","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how the Hollywood war film accommodates and contains religious pacifism. Through comparison of Sergeant York (1941) and Hacksaw Ridge (2016), both of which tell the stories of religious pacifists who find themselves on the battlefield, this chapter describes how each film shows the transgressive nature of religious pacifism and puts in place containment strategies that seek to recuperate this radical anti-war belief system. I argue that in spite of this ideological recuperation the films still retain a strong sympathetic view of this form of pacifism, and that this testifies to the possibility that the audience is suspicious of the dominant pro-war narrative and may even desire an alternative, more pacific view of the world.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132127697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Figures of Transgression in Representations of the First World War on British Television","authors":"E. Hanna","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores British televisual representations of transgression in the First World War from the 1960s to the centenary period (2014-18). It examines the ways in which the television medium has mediated public discourse about the historical and historiographical meanings of war and identity during and after the conflict of 1914-18 by focusing on the ways in which figures of transgression such as mutineers, conscientious objectors, and deserters have been used to subvert normative narratives of the Great War. The chapter considers how the deployment of historical transgression has enabled critical reflections of contemporary political and social discourses. It demonstrates how and why the intersection of the commemorative impulse in televisual representations of war encourages reflection on and negotiation of positions within and outside of more reassuring cultural narratives about the conflict, within institutional and governmental contexts for production and reception, and how they have shifted over time. This chapter concludes that such figures provide uncomfortable counter-narratives but that these are ultimately deployed to reinforce dominant ideas about the conflict.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128358967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Activist, Mother, Filmmaker: Competing Transgressions in the Syrian War Documentary","authors":"Lisa Purse","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the ways in which the Syrian War documentary has depicted and reflected upon the figure of the activist mother, and the competing concepts of personal and political transgression that cluster around her as she occupies fraught zones of conflict and its witnessing, mortal danger and forced migration. Through two case study films, A Syrian Love Story (Sean McAllister, UK, 2015), a British filmmaker’s account of the family of political prisoner Raghda Hasan as they negotiate living under Bashar al-Assad’s regime and eventually flee it; and For Sama (Waad al-Kateab and Edward Watts, UK/Syria, 2019), a first person account of a Syrian activist journalist, Waad, who gives birth to and raises her child during the siege of Aleppo, the chapter explores the ethical and representational questions raised in this centring of the activist mother and her potential status as a transgressor of political and social norms. It also situates these activist mother films in the wider array of anti-regime Syrian War documentaries, where the plight of parents and children are foregrounded as part of the call to action to North American and European audiences.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121142439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘An act of wilful defiance’: Objection, Protest and Rebellion in the Imperial War Museum’s First World War Galleries","authors":"R. C. Dolgoy","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of its purveyance of British stalwart tropes such as “the Tommies and the Officers”, the Imperial War Museum’s (IWM) new First World War Galleries feature stories of conscientious objectors and Irish Republicans, whose resistance to the war transgressed prevailing norms. They also highlight poet/soldier Siegfried Sassoon’s Soldier’s Declaration, a widely-circulated critical letter he intended as “an act of wilful defiance”. However, though these stories are displayed, this chapter argues that both the curatorial apparatus surrounding them (e.g. texts, objects), and the IWM’s historicizing of the past by claiming to present the events as they unfolded at that time subsume transgression in normative orders. This chapter contextualizes close readings of these three portrayals of transgression within broader Museum and Memory Studies discourses. It also situates the IWM’s narratives of mythic togetherness and tacit imperialism as an expression of what Paul Gilroy has defined as “postcolonial melancholia” as it is found in wider conceptions of British identity throughout the WWI Centenary commemorations – a period that loosely corresponded with the Brexit campaign and its consequences.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Marie Colvin – The War Hero and the ‘Nasty Woman’","authors":"A. Piotrowska","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the iconic war correspondent Marie Colvin, who was killed in a bombardment during the siege of Homs. Bringing together autoethnographic and scholarly modes of analysis, and drawing on the concept of the ‘nasty woman’ (Piotrowska 2019) and a Lacanian reading of Sophocles’ Antigone, the essay challenges normative accounts of Colvin’s life, and interrogates the narratives of transgression that circulate around women war correspondents.","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129796522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Just another Kraut’? The Wehrmacht Traitor as ‘Good German’ in Hollywood’s Decision before Dawn (1951)","authors":"P. Major","doi":"10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474446266.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Decision before Dawn (Twentieth Century-Fox, 1951) was based on the true story of a Wehrmacht prisoner-of-war, code-name ‘Happy’, who volunteered for the American Office of Strategic Services in 1945 to spy behind German lines for the Allies, exploring the issue of Landesverrat (national treason) amid the changing loyalties of the Cold War during West Germany’s post-war rearmament. Screenwriter Peter Viertel had himself been ‘Happy’s’ case-officer. The chapter uses archives from Twentieth Century-Fox studios and the US State Department to chart fruitless attempts to suppress a West German release for fear of inflaming nationalist and local Bavarian sentiment. Entscheidung vor Morgengrauen (1952) received mixed reviews, which are discussed alongside subtle changes made to the dubbed German version. The Hollywood release marked the international breakthrough for Austro-German actors Oskar Werner and Hildegard Knef. ","PeriodicalId":351761,"journal":{"name":"Mediating War and Identity","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132312936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}