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Can correcting for real exchange rate misalignment help countries escape the middle-income-trap? An analysis of a natural resource-based economy: Chile 修正实际汇率偏差能帮助各国摆脱中等收入陷阱吗?自然资源导向型经济分析:智利
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3438
Esteban Pérez Caldentey, Lorenzo Nalin, Leonardo Rojas Rodriguez
{"title":"Can correcting for real exchange rate misalignment help countries escape the middle-income-trap? An analysis of a natural resource-based economy: Chile","authors":"Esteban Pérez Caldentey, Lorenzo Nalin, Leonardo Rojas Rodriguez","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3438","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Chile is classified as a high-income country but suffers from the same weaknesses affecting middle-income countries. The same policies that have encouraged the dependency on natural resources and restricted the expansion of the productive and export base, have prevented the use of exchange rate policy as an instrument of economic and social development. The performance of the economy is greatly determined by the evolution of the terms-of-trade which is negatively correlated with the real exchange rate. Also, the nominal exchange rate has been used mainly as an instrument for price stability purposes rather than for economic development. Building on the exchange rate misalignment concepts developed by the New Developmentalism, the analysis shows that, at the macroeconomic level, the real exchange rate has appreciated over time. However, the evidence also shows that the industrial/manufacturing sector has an external price competitive advantage in relation to the rest of the economy. This raises the broader question as to what extent is price competitiveness a powerful enough incentive for a broad-based structural change towards innovation and more knowledge intensive production which is needed to escape the middle-income trap.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47604004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brazil’s economic growth and real (div)convergence from a very long-term perspective (1822-2019): An historical appraisal 从非常长期的角度看巴西的经济增长和实际（div）趋同（1822-2019）：历史评估
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3376
Natalia I. Doré, A. Teixeira
{"title":"Brazil’s economic growth and real (div)convergence from a very long-term perspective (1822-2019): An historical appraisal","authors":"Natalia I. Doré, A. Teixeira","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3376","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The reconstruction of the economic history of Brazil since independence from Portugal (1822) may lead to a new understanding of its economic growth. The deep-rooted idea that Brazil could have done better means there is a need to delve into each phase of its development. In this paper, we provide a very long-run perspective (1822-2019) of Brazil’s economic growth and process of real convergence. On the one hand, this review indicates that structural changes observed in the middle of the 20th century were crucial in promoting the country’s growth and real convergence with technologically advanced countries. On the other hand, poor institutional conditions and deficient human capital formation have emerged since colonial times as critical factors underlying Brazil’s inability to establish robust and sustainable economic growth.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47646388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Progressivity and distributive impacts of personal income tax: the case of China and Brazil 个人所得税的累进性及其分配影响——以中国和巴西为例
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3323
P. Rossi, Ricardo Gonçalves, Zhang Ping
{"title":"Progressivity and distributive impacts of personal income tax: the case of China and Brazil","authors":"P. Rossi, Ricardo Gonçalves, Zhang Ping","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3323","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to evaluate and compare the distributive impact of the personal income tax (PIT) on individual’s income in Brazil and China by measuring the Gini Index before and after this tax incidence. The paper also proposes a methodology for transposing the PIT backets from one country to another. The results show that a more progressive scheme implemented by China, with more brackets and higher rates, does not guarantee reduction of inequality, due to the level of income exemption and to the incomes on which the marginal rates affect. Thus, it can be perceived that the PIT brackets of these two countries deserves revisions if they seek to fulfill the distributive function.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48034041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Development finance innovations and conditioning factors: The case of the Brazilian Development Bank and sustainable industries 开发性金融创新及其制约因素:以巴西开发银行与可持续产业为例
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3303
João Carlos Ferraz, Luma Ramos, Bruno Plattek
{"title":"Development finance innovations and conditioning factors: The case of the Brazilian Development Bank and sustainable industries","authors":"João Carlos Ferraz, Luma Ramos, Bruno Plattek","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the policy capacity of the Brazilian Development Bank, BNDES, to develop and implement finance innovations to foster the local wind industry and their suppliers in the 2010s and which exogenous and endogenous factors conditioned its actions and the related outcomes. It demonstrates that technology, market, and policy drivers constituted exogenous windows of opportunities while, from an endogenous perspective, BNDES timely mobilised internal competencies to implement successive finance innovations resulting in a significant development of such sustainable industry. It is hoped that this article may be a source of inspiration for those engaged in researching and promoting policy innovations.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A atuação da Carteira de Crédito Agrícola e Industrial do Banco do Brasil (CREAI): 1937-1969 巴西银行（CREAI）农业和工业信贷组合的表现：1937-1969
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3204
A. Redivo, P. Fonseca
{"title":"A atuação da Carteira de Crédito Agrícola e Industrial do Banco do Brasil (CREAI): 1937-1969","authors":"A. Redivo, P. Fonseca","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3204","url":null,"abstract":"RESUMO Carteira de Crédito Agrícola e Industrial (CREAI), do Banco do Brasil, foi a mais importante instituição de fomento à produção do Brasil até a criação do BNDE, em 1952. Todavia, os trabalhos voltados a avaliar sua atuação ainda são escassos, mesmo diante de sua contribuição no período que vai de 1937 a 1969, marcado pelo Processo de Substituição de Importações e pelo desenvolvimentismo. A principal hipótese aponta que, a despeito de ter inovado por institucionalizar o crédito à produção pela primeira vez, o principal fator de limitação para a atuação da CREAI foi a sua estrutura de funding. As fontes primárias são os relatórios do Banco do Brasil apresentados nas Assembleias Gerais de Acionistas, sendo aqui utilizadas as estatísticas de financiamento das atividades econômicas e estrutura de recursos. Os resultados confirmam a hipótese, mas também destacam que o predomínio do setor agrícola não pode subestimar a importância da carteira ao financiamento da indústria, pela primeira vez de forma oficial.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45398151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Artificial Intelligence and employment: a systematic review 人工智能与就业：系统综述
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3320
Rafael DE Acypreste, Edemilson Paraná
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and employment: a systematic review","authors":"Rafael DE Acypreste, Edemilson Paraná","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3320","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper presents a systematic literature review, grounded on bibliometric procedures, of the (political economy) works, produced from 2008 to 2020, on the relations between Artificial Intelligence and employment. It detects a growing tendency of published papers in this field, especially from 2019, and identifies four main groups of concerns on this topic. Within these groups, a prevalence of more optimistic over skeptical accounts and, especially, of economic orthodox over heterodox approaches on the issue can be noted. Overall, it is possible to understand that both the reviewed works and their metrics are quite dispersed and varied in scope. Among other reasons, this is due to the lack of a common basic definition, within the field, of AI in the first place.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44751316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Current account and real exchange rate equilibrium: the case of manufacturing in Mexico, 2001-2019 经常账户和实际汇率均衡:2001-2019年墨西哥制造业的案例
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3440
Lorenzo Nalin, J. Brid
{"title":"Current account and real exchange rate equilibrium: the case of manufacturing in Mexico, 2001-2019","authors":"Lorenzo Nalin, J. Brid","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this paper, we follow Bresser-Pereira et al. (2021) and estimate for Mexico a a series of the real exchange rate (RER) that balances the current account for Mexico for the period 2001q1-2019q4. In this process we take into account numerous determinants, including policy variables and financial indicators the evolution of the terms of trade, as well as a proxi for the Balassa-Samuelson effects, inter alia. Our results show that in most of the period analyzed there has been a trend tendency towards overvaluation, with the RER fluctuating above its equilibrium level. With cointegrating methods, and dynamic ordinary least squared (DOLS) techniques, we examined the effects of exchange rate under and overvaluation on manufacturing; disaggregated in three sectors: i) technology intensive, ii) natural resource intensive and iii) labor intensive activities. Overall, our results indicate that the real exchange rate has a significant influence on the rate of expansion of Mexico’s manufacturing real GDP.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67443748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A note on the political economy of exchange rates in Argentina: new and classical developmentalism re-evaluated 阿根廷汇率政治经济学研究——对新古典发展主义的再评价
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3437
Alejandro Fiorito, M. Vernengo
{"title":"A note on the political economy of exchange rates in Argentina: new and classical developmentalism re-evaluated","authors":"Alejandro Fiorito, M. Vernengo","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper develops a model in which the relation between the real exchange rate and the real wage, in the context of conflictive income distribution, is made explicit. It is noted that the central bank tries to regulate the distributive relation exchange rate and real wages through the changes in the interest rate. The theoretical point is that, under certain circumstances, a relatively depreciated or high level of the real exchange rate might reduce real wages and have a negative impact on economic growth. The paper also provides some evidence for the Argentine case, and suggests that the Classical Developmentalist elasticity pessimism seems, in the case of Argentina, to be validated. Also, the use of the exchange rate as an instrument to bolster redistribution away from the working class, and to promote investment and growth is also not born in the data.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring human capital: methodological framework for assessing competitiveness and economic development 衡量人力资本:评估竞争力和经济发展的方法框架
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3333
A. Koryakov, I. Kazaryan, M. Afonasova, I. Litvin
{"title":"Measuring human capital: methodological framework for assessing competitiveness and economic development","authors":"A. Koryakov, I. Kazaryan, M. Afonasova, I. Litvin","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article focused on the relationship between human capital (HC) and competitiveness in Russia. The study examined (1) the impact of investments in knowledge-intensive industries on the socio-economic development; (2) the impact of the share of employees; (3) the impact of religious factors on HC; and (4) the problems of forming H at innovative enterprises. At the national level, the investments in knowledge-intensive industries exert no effect on the country’s socio-economic development. The GDP growth was proved to be directly related to the people’s desire to improve their qualifications. The impact of cultural, educational, and health factors differ across regions.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46784979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Current equilibrium exchange rate in Colombia (2000-2020) 哥伦比亚当前均衡汇率(2000-2020年)
Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.1590/0101-31572022-3439
Gonzalo Hernandez
{"title":"Current equilibrium exchange rate in Colombia (2000-2020)","authors":"Gonzalo Hernandez","doi":"10.1590/0101-31572022-3439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-31572022-3439","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Using estimations by Bresser-Pereira et al. (2021), this paper analyses the misalignment between the real exchange rate and the current account equilibrium exchange rate in Colombia in the last two decades (2000-2020). Evidence suggests that the commodity boom and bust cycle in this period is important to explain (i) the main trend of the misalignment, (ii) the deterioration of the current account in recent years and (iii) the general macroeconomic performance of the Colombian economy. A discussion about macroeconomic development and stability is also provided in the context of the Colombian financial configuration, characterized by a flexible exchange rate regime, central bank independence and inflation targeting. Ideas in this paper are consistent with key elements in the New Developmentalism Theory.","PeriodicalId":35163,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Economia Politica/Brazilian Journal of Political Economy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46872195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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