Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology最新文献

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ON RANDOM EXPECTED VALUES VARIATIONS OF TRIBOLOGYPARAMETERS IN HUMAN HIP JOINT SURFACES 人体髋关节表面摩擦学参数的随机期望值变化
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.6898
K. Wierzcholski, J. Gospodarczyk
{"title":"ON RANDOM EXPECTED VALUES VARIATIONS OF TRIBOLOGY\u0000PARAMETERS IN HUMAN HIP JOINT SURFACES","authors":"K. Wierzcholski, J. Gospodarczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.6898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6898","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents recent progress in the knowledge concerning the stochastic theory of bio- hydrodynamic\u0000lubrication with a phospholipids bilayer. On the basis of experimental measurements and analytical solutions,\u0000the research concerns the determination of the random expectancy values of load carrying capacity, the\u0000friction coefficient, and synovial fluid dynamic variations. After numerous measurements, it directly follows\u0000that the random density function of the gap height in the human joint usually indicates a disorderly increases\u0000and decreases in the height. Such irregular gap height variations have an important influence on the random\u0000synovial bio-fluid dynamic viscosity. This finally leads to the friction coefficient and cartilage wear changes\u0000of cooperating bio- surfaces. The main topic of this paper relates to the expectancy values of the tribology\u0000parameters localized inside the variable stochastic standard deviation intervals of the human joint gap height.\u0000The results obtained finally indicate the influence of the random roughness and growth of living biological\u0000cartilage surfaces on the expectancy values of the synovial fluid dynamic viscosity, load carrying capacity\u0000and friction forces in human hip joints.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85378639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Study on Solid Particle Erosion of Pump Materials by Fly Ash Slurry using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array 用田口正交法研究飞灰浆对泵材料的固体颗粒侵蚀
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.97530
Jashanpreet Singh, Satish Kumar, S. Mohapatra
{"title":"Study on Solid Particle Erosion of Pump Materials by Fly Ash Slurry using Taguchi’s Orthogonal Array","authors":"Jashanpreet Singh, Satish Kumar, S. Mohapatra","doi":"10.30678/fjt.97530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.97530","url":null,"abstract":"Various grades of stainless steel are used to fabricate the pump impeller, casings, and seals used in heavy-duty erosion and corrosion conditions. In the present study, stainless steel (SS316L, SS304, SDSS2507) and grey cast iron used in the fabrication of heavy-duty pump impellers were taken for the analysis of solid particle erosion. Experiments were conducted on the lab-scale slurry pot tester. Fly ash slurry was prepared of different concentrations (wt%). Taguchi’s orthogonal array is used to design the experiments of erosion wear for the variation of rotational speed, solid concentration, time, and particle size. Results showed that SS316L showed superior microhardness and wear behavior against the fly ash slurry followed by SS304, SDSS2507 and Grey cast iron.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41382883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Wear and Friction properties of H-Al-17Si alloy with dry, lubrication and coated (DLC-Star) conditions under HFRR 干、润滑和涂覆(DLC-Star)条件下H-Al-17Si合金的HFRR磨损和摩擦性能
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.99441
N.D. Malleswararao.K, I. Niranjan Kumar, B. Nagesh
{"title":"Wear and Friction properties of H-Al-17Si alloy with dry, lubrication and coated (DLC-Star) conditions under HFRR","authors":"N.D. Malleswararao.K, I. Niranjan Kumar, B. Nagesh","doi":"10.30678/fjt.99441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.99441","url":null,"abstract":"Dry, lubrication (SAE15W40), and coated (DLC-Star) reciprocating tribological tests on rapid solidified AlSi17Cu3.5-4Mg0.6-0.8 alloy was conducted using a high frequency linear reciprocating rig (HFRR) at ambient temperature. The alloy fabricated with the rheo-stir squeeze casting procedure under T-6 condition. However, at different loading (0-30 N) conditions, wear and friction properties of rapid solidified H-Al-17Si alloy are investigated. It is observed that the lower friction coefficient value obtained for DLC-Star coated H-Al-17Si alloy compared to dry and lubrication conditions. Though, for dry and lubricated sliding, the obtained wear coefficient values are 2.9X10-3 mm3/N.m and 4.0X10-4 mm3/N.m. A lower coefficient of wear value of 5.4X10-5 mm3/N.m was recorded with DLC-star coating under dry conditions. The alloy wear coefficient values first increases with applied load (up to 20 N) and then decreases (20 N to 30 N). EDS, AFM surface roughness profilometer, SEM, and advanced metallurgical microscope (AMM) analysis techniques used for the characterization of surface morphologies. The developments in friction and wear coefficients were fundamentally ascribed to the dispersion and size of primary Si elements and the development of tribo-oxide films on the rapid solidified AlSi17 alloy coated (DLC-Star) surfaces.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42715996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tribological studies of different bioimplant materials for orthopedic application using Taguchi experimental design Taguchi实验设计用于骨科应用的不同生物植入材料的摩擦学研究
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.103070
S. Solanke, V. Gaval
{"title":"Tribological studies of different bioimplant materials for orthopedic application using Taguchi experimental design","authors":"S. Solanke, V. Gaval","doi":"10.30678/fjt.103070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.103070","url":null,"abstract":"In this research ball on disc wear tests have been carried out with ASTM G-99 standard at room temperature in simulated body fluid. The tribological property such as the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss was studied by using the Taguchi design of experiments. The design of the experiment was done using L8 orthogonal array to determine the collective contribution of the wear parameters. An analysis of variance demonstrated that the individual contribution of type of material factor was 97.15% and 66.66% for the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss respectively, which is the highest individual contribution as compared to other factors. It was concluded that the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss is mainly influenced by type of material factor. The analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio shows that the optimal coefficient of friction and wear weight loss was obtained with CoCrMo material at an applied normal load of 5 N with a sliding velocity of 0.05 m/s for a track diameter of 30 mm. To check the accuracy of results a confirmation test was carried out which indicates that predicted values are very close to the experimental values and the model is significant to predict the coefficient of friction. The results showed that the coefficient of friction and wear weight loss increases with increasing the applied load and sliding velocity. The microstructure of all substrates materials was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope. Wear track study showed that adhesive dominant wear mechanism for all four different substrate materials.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43496350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Inhibition Evaluation of 5-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Thermodynamic and DFT Aspects 5-(4-(1H-吡咯-1-基)苯基)-2-巯基-1,3,4-恶二唑在酸性环境中对软钢腐蚀的缓蚀性能评价:热力学和DFT
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.105330
A. Mustafa, F. F. Sayyid, N. Betti, M. Hanoon, A. Al-Amiery, A. Kadhum, M. Takriff
{"title":"Inhibition Evaluation of 5-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole for the Corrosion of Mild Steel in an Acidic Environment: Thermodynamic and DFT Aspects","authors":"A. Mustafa, F. F. Sayyid, N. Betti, M. Hanoon, A. Al-Amiery, A. Kadhum, M. Takriff","doi":"10.30678/fjt.105330","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.105330","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, an oxadiazole namely 5-(4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)phenyl)-2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PMO), was synthesized and explored as an inhibitor against the corrosion  of mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid environment at various solution temperature 303-333 K. gravimetric, and microscopic techniques, namely, weight loss (WL), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), have been used to evaluate the inhibitive performance of the tested PMO. The results of the WL method displayed that the inhibition efficiency (%IE) was found to increase with the inhibitor concentration, while it reduced with increasing temperature. Furthermore, the WL results reveal that PMO inhibits corrosion display an IE of 95% at the highest concentration of 0.005 M. The SEM images of the mild steel surface coupon after adding PMO revealed a wide coverage of PMO molecules on the mild steel surface. Hence, the high inhibiting efficiency acquired by the tested inhibitor was explained by the strong adsorption of PMO molecules on the surface of mild steel. A protective layer has been constructed and it separating the mild steel surface from the hydrochloric acid solution, and such adsorption was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Moreover, the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the adsorption nature of PMO molecules on the coupon surface was chemo-physisorption. Quantum chemical calculations were conducted by density functional theory (DFT) which help correlate the methodological findings with the theoretical investigations. The mechanisms of PMO molecules as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel surface in the corrosive environment was also discussed.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43767443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Effect of Boron Carbide on wear resistance of graphite containing Al7029 Based Hybrid Composites and its Dry Sliding Wear Characterization Through Experimental, Response Surface Method and ANOVA 碳化硼对含Al7029石墨基杂化复合材料耐磨性的影响及其干滑动磨损表征(实验、响应面法和方差分析
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.111905
Madhu K S, Venkatesh C V, Sharath B N, K. S
{"title":"Effect of Boron Carbide on wear resistance of graphite containing Al7029 Based Hybrid Composites and its Dry Sliding Wear Characterization Through Experimental, Response Surface Method and ANOVA","authors":"Madhu K S, Venkatesh C V, Sharath B N, K. S","doi":"10.30678/fjt.111905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.111905","url":null,"abstract":"Composites are often chosen for tribological applications due to its tailored material properties. The development of hybrid metal matrix composites and the study of their wear behavior has been a prominent focus of materials science research. Present paper deals with fabrication of Al-7029/B4C/Gr hybrid composite using stir casting. Particle distribution and material phase are identified by SEM and XRD. Hardness of the composite increased to 101 BHN while base alloy with 63 BHN. Pin-on-disc Tribometer used to carry wear test and the experimentation conducted by considering three input wear control parameters: 15–35 N (load), 1.5–3.5 m/s (speed) and 200–600 m (distance). Addition of 6%B4C/3%Gr, wear rate of hybrid composites reduced. ANOVA confirmed that load as the most influencing parameter on wear rate. RSM results correlates with mean effect plots of ANOVA and experiments and found that the results are in good compliance. SEM graphs of worn surface confirms that more wear occurred with increased load.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Development of damage detection parameters over the lifetime of a rolling element bearing 滚动元件轴承寿命内损伤检测参数的发展
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-12-16 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.112092
M. Savolainen, A. Lehtovaara
{"title":"Development of damage detection parameters over the lifetime of a rolling element bearing","authors":"M. Savolainen, A. Lehtovaara","doi":"10.30678/fjt.112092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.112092","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the trends of damage detection parameters over the lifetime of a rolling element bearing. In the experimental part, a series of bearing tests was performed using the twin-disc test device, until the monitored bearing was severely worn. This was followed by the analysis of measured acceleration and acoustic emission data in a constant-load condition, but also as loaded with impact-type loading. The results showed that traditionally used parameters, such as kurtosis and RMS, can indicate whether the bearing is damaged or not in a non-impact load condition. However, especially under impact-loading, the parameters based on acoustic emission data showed good performance and enabled monitoring of progress of the bearing damage.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47520048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBON ONLUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF FUELS FOR TURBINE ENGINES 合成烃对涡轮发动机燃料润滑性能的影响
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.5860
U. Kaźmierczak, A. Kulczycki, D. Ozimina
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SYNTHETIC HYDROCARBON ON\u0000LUBRICATING PROPERTIES OF FUELS FOR TURBINE ENGINES","authors":"U. Kaźmierczak, A. Kulczycki, D. Ozimina","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.5860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5860","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, steps have been taken to introduce synthetic hydrocarbons to aviation fuels as biocomponents.\u0000This action is an innovative change in the approach to aviation fuels. This new approach to the assessment\u0000of fuel properties requires a revision of the existing criteria for their quality assessment, including those\u0000relating to tribological properties. In the requirements for Jet fuel, only the BOCLE test simulating continuous\u0000circular motion was used to assess lubricity. Research on the use of fuels containing components with highly\u0000differentiated chemical compositions indicate that the BOCLE test may be an insufficient criterion for\u0000assessing the lubricity of fuels for aircraft turbine engines. An additional HFRR test modelling the processes\u0000accompanying the reciprocating friction that occurs in some lubricated elements of the fuel system has been\u0000proposed. This article presents the results of BOCLE and HFRR tests on a range of Jet A1 fuel mixtures\u0000and various synthetic paraffin hydrocarbons. A preliminary analysis of the observed effect of synthetic\u0000hydrocarbons on the results of both tests is presented.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"436 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78224693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
NEW TEST RIG FOR MEASURING THE FRICTION TORQUEOF GEARBOXES IN EXTREME THERMAL CONDITIONS 用于在极端热条件下测量齿轮箱摩擦扭矩的新试验台
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.5869
W. Tuszyński, M. Szczerek, J. Wulczyński, A. Gospodarczyk, R. Michalczewski, T. Samborski, Michał Gibała, A. Wieczorek
{"title":"NEW TEST RIG FOR MEASURING THE FRICTION TORQUE\u0000OF GEARBOXES IN EXTREME THERMAL CONDITIONS","authors":"W. Tuszyński, M. Szczerek, J. Wulczyński, A. Gospodarczyk, R. Michalczewski, T. Samborski, Michał Gibała, A. Wieczorek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.5869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5869","url":null,"abstract":"A new test rig for tribological tests was developed and manufactured. It consists of a mobile device for\u0000measurement of the start-up friction torque of transmissions, in particular planetary gearboxes, and the\u0000friction torque in dynamically steady conditions, as well as a climatic chamber to stabilize the temperature\u0000of the tested gearbox in its extreme range: from -50 to +50°C. In the series of devices for tribological tests,\u0000developed and manufactured at the Institute, the new test rig is marked with the symbol T-34.\u0000The verification results correspond with the churning losses related to the viscosity characteristics of the\u0000lubricating oils. As the temperature increases, both the start-up friction torque and the friction torque under\u0000dynamically steady conditions decrease.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90637202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SOME COMMENTS ON THE INTERPRETATIONOF THE TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR COEFFICIENT 关于摩擦学磨损系数解释的几点意见
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.5865
Jan Sadowski
{"title":"SOME COMMENTS ON THE INTERPRETATION\u0000OF THE TRIBOLOGICAL WEAR COEFFICIENT","authors":"Jan Sadowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.5865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5865","url":null,"abstract":"An original model of tribological wear is presented, an alternative to the commonly used J.F. Archard’s model.\u0000The impossibility is established of a full conversion of mechanical work into the heat of dissipation and\u0000thereby of avoiding wear in the sliding friction of solids. The assumption is consequently questioned that only\u0000some contacts of surface asperities are subject to temporary wear. Material wastage is assumed to occur at\u0000each contact of asperities. The volume of worn material is dependent on the volumetric wear coefficient of\u0000the “energy dissipation zone” in friction. The dimensions of the zone are determined in both the elements in\u0000friction. Linear wear intensities and volumetric wear are described in analytical terms. The thermodynamic\u0000analysis of the tribological process indicates some limitations to these intensities. Energetic efficiencies of\u0000solid wear and heating as a result of friction are defined. Some new interpretations of the wear coefficient are\u0000proposed.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77019280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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