Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
FRICTIONAL ASPECTS OF OPERATION FOR CENTRIFUGALACCELERATORS WITH RADIAL BLADES 带径向叶片的离心加速器运行的摩擦方面
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1023
B. Krupicz, V. Barsukov, M. A. Ilkevich
{"title":"FRICTIONAL ASPECTS OF OPERATION FOR CENTRIFUGAL\u0000ACCELERATORS WITH RADIAL BLADES","authors":"B. Krupicz, V. Barsukov, M. A. Ilkevich","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1023","url":null,"abstract":"The work aims to determine the friction effect and change the velocity and kinetic energy during the movement\u0000of solid particles along the rotating machine's radial blade surface. It has been previously shown that the\u0000influence of the frictional forces of the particle against the rotor disc is negligible compared to the influence\u0000of the centrifugal force and the friction force of the particle against the rotor blade. Based on the analysis\u0000of the differential equation solution for particle motion along the surface of the blades, it was established\u0000that the total sliding velocity of a particle increase intensively in the initial period of motion and approaches\u0000asymptotically to the values described by a linear function, practically independent of the initial position of\u0000the particle. The obtained analytical expressions enable the determination of change in the relative and total\u0000velocity of the particle, the angle between the respective velocity vectors and its kinetic energy. Changes in\u0000the values of these parameters were also estimated for a wide range of variability of the friction coefficient.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83128149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS OF THE HARD-FACED MULTI-PHASE MATERIALWEAR PROCESS BY THE BALL-CRATERING METHOD 用球磨法分析硬面多相材料磨损过程
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.1034
K. Ligier, J. Napiórkowski, M. Lemecha
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF THE HARD-FACED MULTI-PHASE MATERIAL\u0000WEAR PROCESS BY THE BALL-CRATERING METHOD","authors":"K. Ligier, J. Napiórkowski, M. Lemecha","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0016.1034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0016.1034","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of tribological testing performed on multi-phase layers produced by the\u0000hard-facing method. Three materials based on Fe-C-Cr alloys and containing carbide-forming elements B,\u0000V, Nb, Mn, Mo and W, used to hard-face abrasion-resistant layers, were selected for the study. The ballcratering\u0000method performed the tests in two variants: with or without an abrasive slurry. The obtained results\u0000demonstrated that all test materials showed similar wear intensity in the presence of abrasive slurry, while the\u0000wear intensity varied for the test with no abrasive slurry.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81524731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wet Sliding Wear Behavior of EN31 Rolling Contact Bearings for Screw Compressor Application with Statistical Analysis EN31滚动轴承在螺杆压缩机上的湿滑磨损行为及其统计分析
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.109837
S. Gawande, Ketan Raykar
{"title":"Wet Sliding Wear Behavior of EN31 Rolling Contact Bearings for Screw Compressor Application with Statistical Analysis","authors":"S. Gawande, Ketan Raykar","doi":"10.30678/fjt.109837","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.109837","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work is to estimate the wear rate of EN31 material & obtain the line of best fit using statistical analysis of wear. In industrial screw compressors, EN31 is used as a material of construction for cylindrical roller bearings. The wet sliding phenomenon between the outer surface of the inner race of the rolling contact bearing & the outer surface of the cylindrical roller is simulated using pin-on-disk tribometer. Measurement of wear, friction force & friction coefficient is carried out by rubbing different cylinders of hardened EN31 against hardened EN31 disk of the pin-on-disk tribometer. Total 25 tests each of 10 minutes time duration are performed to estimate wear with variable loads in the range of 20 N to 100 N and speed in the range of 692 RPM to 1246 RPM. From experimental investigation using pin-on-disk tribometer & statistical analysis using MINITAB© commercial software, it is observed that the material wear rate of EN31 increases with the increase in load as well as increase in speed. From pin-on-disk experimentation & statistical analysis it is concluded that the load factor has higher effect on wear than the speed factor. It was observed that the wear increases with the load as well as with the speed.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42706680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Tribological Performance of the Continuous Steel Fiber-reinforced Cu based Friction Material for Heavy-duty Braking Applications 重型制动用连续钢纤维增强铜基摩擦材料的摩擦学性能
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.107475
Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam, S. V., P. Kota, G. M
{"title":"Tribological Performance of the Continuous Steel Fiber-reinforced Cu based Friction Material for Heavy-duty Braking Applications","authors":"Vaira Vignesh Ramalingam, S. V., P. Kota, G. M","doi":"10.30678/fjt.107475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.107475","url":null,"abstract":"Brake pads are the major components of the wind turbine, which primarily consists of metal matrix and ceramic reinforcements. The ceramic particles plunge out during the application of brakes, which in turn leads to the transformation of the wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive wear. This increases the wear rate and therefore the study investigates the possible replacement of ceramic reinforcements with continuous fibers that exhibit high strength and compatibility. In recent years, Cu-based brake pads that are fabricated by powder metallurgy route are widely used in wind turbines. In this study, continuous fibers of stainless steel SS304 are reinforced in the Cu matrix by the casting method to preserve the fiber alignment. The fabricated composite is characterized for microstructure, microhardness, and tribological behavior. Besides, a comprehensive analysis of the wear mechanism in the developed composite is presented based on the surface morphology, elemental composition, and phase analysis.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44808619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Determination of tapered roller bearing system life index considering bearings preload and shaft stiffness 考虑轴承预紧力和轴刚度的圆锥滚子轴承系统寿命指标的确定
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.109289
J. Kaczor
{"title":"Determination of tapered roller bearing system life index considering bearings preload and shaft stiffness","authors":"J. Kaczor","doi":"10.30678/fjt.109289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.109289","url":null,"abstract":"Rolling bearings are considered to be rigid supports of a pinned nature. In fact, rolling bearings develop displacements that depend on the external load and the stiffness of the shaft on which they are supported. In addition, tapered roller bearings use preloading, which has an additional effect on the displacements in the bearings. these displacements affect the internal deformations in the bearings and thus the actual load on the bearing.\u0000This paper presents a methodology for determining displacements in bearings and actual loads in bearings, taking into account shaft stiffness and preload clamping. Then the bearing life was determined. Based on the obtained bearing life, the bearing life index was determined for the adopted load variants.\u0000On the basis of the results obtained it can be concluded that the consideration of the durability of individual bearings is insufficient, because it usually happens that when the durability of one bearing increases, the durability of the other bearing decreases. According to the author, the best solution is to combine the durability of both bearings and to consider the durability of the whole bearing system, not the individual bearings.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43706118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Tribological properties of Al2O3 layers after thermo-chemical treatment 热化学处理后Al2O3层的摩擦学性能
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.30678/fjt.109312
M. Niedźwiedź, W. Skoneczny, M. Bara, V. Bulej
{"title":"Tribological properties of Al2O3 layers after thermo-chemical treatment","authors":"M. Niedźwiedź, W. Skoneczny, M. Bara, V. Bulej","doi":"10.30678/fjt.109312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30678/fjt.109312","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the influence of the thermo-chemical treatment of Al2O3 layers on their tribological properties. The Al2O3 layers were produced on the EN AW-5251 aluminium alloy by means of direct current anodizing in a three-component electrolyte. For the sake of comparison, some of the samples were thermochemically treated in three liquids (sodium sulphate solution, sodium dichromate solution, distilled water). The parameters of the production and thermo-chemical treatment were selected on the basis of two Hartley's plans. The tribological properties were determined on the basis of a tribological test carried out for a pin-on-disc friction pair on a T-17 tester in reciprocating motion. The tests were carried out in conditions of technically dry friction. Thanks to the tests, coefficient of friction µ and the mass wear, together with the intensity of the material wear were determined. The use of thermo-chemical treatment in the sodium dichromate solution contributed to an increase in coefficient of friction μ and a reduction in the wear intensity of the polymer from 36 μg/km (layer without thermo-chemical treatment) to 21.33 μg/km (layer after thermo-chemical treatment in the sodium dichromate solution).The conducted stereometric tests before and after the tribological test for selected samples allow the authors to state that the thermo-chemical treatment in the sodium dichromate solution increases the amplitude parameters of surface roughness. The study of the surface morphology of the layer with the lowest mass wear showed the formation of an additional sub-layer as a result of thermo-chemical treatment carried out in the sodium dichromate solution.","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45203015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
PROPERTIES of Al2O3 CERAMIC COATINGS APPLIED BY ALDMETHOD ON 100Cr6 STEEL 100Cr6钢Al2O3陶瓷涂层的Al2O3涂层性能
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9722
Krystyna Radoń-Kobus, M. Madej
{"title":"PROPERTIES of Al2O3 CERAMIC COATINGS APPLIED BY ALD\u0000METHOD ON 100Cr6 STEEL","authors":"Krystyna Radoń-Kobus, M. Madej","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9722","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper was to assess the morphology, chemical composition, geometric surface structure\u0000and contact angle, as well as to analyse the tribological properties of Al2O3 coatings deposited on 100Cr6 steel\u0000using the technique of atomic layers ALD. Al2O3 coatings were selected due to their tribological properties,\u0000adhesion to the substrate and hardness. Tribological tests were performed in a reciprocating motion in a ballon-\u0000disc combination, with a counter-specimen of 100Cr6 steel, under the conditions of technically dry\u0000friction. Surface morphology was observed under a scanning microscope, and an EDS analyser enabled the\u0000performance of an analysis of the chemical composition of the samples. Wetting of the surface of the Al2O3\u0000coating was determined by means of an optical strain gauge. The geometric surface structure before and after\u0000the tribological tests was analysed by means of a confocal microscope with an interferometric mode. The tests\u0000proved that during technically dry friction, the average coefficient of friction for the Al2O3 coating is lower\u0000by approximately 30% than for 100Cr6 steel. The tested coatings are characterised by hydrophobicity.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77163307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
METHOD FOR ASSESSING WINDSCREEN ABRASIVE WEAR 评估挡风玻璃磨料磨损的方法
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9727
P. Szczyglak, J. Napiórkowski, Artur Wodzyński
{"title":"METHOD FOR ASSESSING WINDSCREEN ABRASIVE WEAR","authors":"P. Szczyglak, J. Napiórkowski, Artur Wodzyński","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9727","url":null,"abstract":"This study addresses safety issues surrounding windscreens use and identifies factors affecting the wear rate\u0000for windscreens and windscreen wiper blades. Moreover, it presents an original method for bench-testing the\u0000windscreen wear process. The method allows tests to be carried out under near-operational conditions. The\u0000paper also describes an automated bench equipped with an abrasive dispenser and methods for measuring\u0000windscreen wear. Tests were conducted for the effects of quartz sand, marine sand and electro-corundum\u0000on the windscreen. It was demonstrated for marine sand and electro-corundum that even the short-term\u0000effect of these forcings on the windscreen reduced light penetration to a level of 70%, i.e., a critical value\u0000for windscreens. The change in the roughness Ra value during the impact of quartz sand on the pane was\u0000characterised by a much greater variability compared to the interaction of marine sand and electro-corundum.\u0000It was also demonstrated that the condition of wiper blades was related to the roughness of the windscreen.\u0000The summary presents conclusions concerning the research method described and the study results.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90036898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUSSOLUTIONS OF HYDROLYSATE AND HYDROLYSATE WITHSURFACTANTS AS POTENTIAL LUBRICANT BASES 水解液和水解液的物理化学和摩擦学性质与表面活性剂作为潜在的润滑剂基础
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9726
M. Sułek, M. Szczerek, J. Przepiórka
{"title":"PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF AQUEOUS\u0000SOLUTIONS OF HYDROLYSATE AND HYDROLYSATE WITH\u0000SURFACTANTS AS POTENTIAL LUBRICANT BASES","authors":"M. Sułek, M. Szczerek, J. Przepiórka","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9726","url":null,"abstract":"The study aimed to confirm the hypothesis that aqueous solutions of polymers with surfactants meet the\u0000criteria of ecological lubricant bases. An oat hydrolysate was used as the macromolecular substance, and the\u0000surfactants were successively: sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (SLES), Sodium\u0000Lauroyl Sarcosinate (SLS). The research was carried out for two-component solutions (water, hydrolysate)\u0000and three-component solutions (water, hydrolysate, surfactant).\u0000In order to document this thesis, tribological tests were performed with a constant and increasing load as a\u0000function of time. Stationary tests with loads of 2, 3, and 4 kN confirmed the predictions that active substances\u0000in two- and three-component solutions create a lubricating film that transfers high loads with relatively low\u0000motion and wear resistance. The stability and durability of the lubricating film were confirmed under the\u0000conditions of increasing load at a speed of 409 N/s. An approximately 12-fold increase in the seizing load\u0000for the hydrolysate solutions in relation to water was found, and the maximum load value for the T02 tester\u0000(7200 N) was achieved. The durability of the lubricating film was mainly determined by the adsorption of the\u0000hydrolysate, which was confirmed by physicochemical tests.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80995701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FRICTION PAIR WITHa-C:H COATING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LUBRICATIONWITH 10W40 BIODEGRADABLE ENGINE OIL 在10W40生物降解机油润滑条件下- c:H涂层摩擦副的摩擦学性能
Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology Pub Date : 2022-07-29 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0015.9718
Krystian Hadło, J. Lubaś
{"title":"TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FRICTION PAIR WITH\u0000a-C:H COATING UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF LUBRICATION\u0000WITH 10W40 BIODEGRADABLE ENGINE OIL","authors":"Krystian Hadło, J. Lubaś","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0015.9718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.9718","url":null,"abstract":"The present study discusses the influence of an a-C:H coating on the tribological parameters of sliding pairs\u0000under mixed friction. Using the PVD method, the a-C:H coating was formed on specimens made from AISI\u00004337 steel. The sliding friction and wear process was carried out on the pairs of AISI 4337 steel and SAE-\u000048 bearing alloy, which were lubricated with 10W40 biodegradable engine oil. The investigation showed\u0000significant differences in the friction coefficient and temperature in the tested pairs with the steel surface layer\u0000and the a-C:H coating. In the friction pairs with the a-C:H coating, the tested parameters of friction were\u0000higher than in pairs with the steel surface layer. The pairs with the a-C:H coating showed more intensive wear\u0000of the SAE-48 bearing alloy than those with a steel surface. The surface layer used in a friction pair leads to\u0000the deterioration of the lubricating properties of engine oil and reduces its resistance to scuffing.\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":35004,"journal":{"name":"Tribologia: Finnish Journal of Tribology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82491550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信