ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Globalization in Modulating the Effect of Environmental Degradation on Inclusive Human Development","authors":"S. Asongu, N. Odhiambo","doi":"10.1080/13511610.2020.1745058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2020.1745058","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses how globalisation modulates the effect of environmental degradation on inclusive human development in 44 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), using data for the period 2000 to 2012. The empirical results are based on the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The following main findings are established. First, a trade openness (imports + exports) threshold of between 80-120% of GDP is the maximum level required for trade openness to effectively modulate CO2 emissions (metric tonnes per capita) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development. Second, a minimum threshold required for trade openness to modulate CO2 intensity (kg per kg of oil-equivalent energy use) and induce a positive effect on inclusive human development is 200% of GDP. Third, there is a net positive effect on inclusive human development from the relevance of trade openness in modulating the effect of CO2 emissions per capita on inclusive human development and a negative net effect on inclusive human development from the importance of trade openness in moderating the effect of CO2 intensity on inclusive human development.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127864735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gender Gap in Education Investment and the Demographic Transition in Developing Countries: Theory and Evidence","authors":"T. Dao, J. Dávila, Angela Greulich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3509594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3509594","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a unified growth model linking technology, education investment across genders, and fertility to explain, for 20th century developing countries: (i) the demographic transition, (ii) the improvement in gender equality in education, and (iii) the transition to sustained growth. The mechanism comprises three components. First, technological progress reduces housework time through the creation and diffusion of labor-saving home appliances freeing women's time for childrearing and labor-force participation. Second, as housework time decreases, households invest relatively more in their daughters' education given its higher return due to the initial imbalance thus improving gender equality in education and increasing the opportunity cost of childrearing. Third, the narrowing of the education gender gap increases average human capital, accelerating technological progress. This reinforcing loop results in the transition to a new fertility regime and accelerated economic growth. We provide the empirical confirmation of the model's predictions using data from developing countries in the late 20th and early 21st centuries.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127122065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Capital and Human Development in Russia","authors":"S. Kurgansky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3373423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3373423","url":null,"abstract":"In Russia active studies in human capital begun in 1990s and have been continued in 2000s. Most theories attempt to break down human capital into some components for analysis. This article is intended to analyze structure of human capital and estimate national human capital. The author suggests that the general structure of human capital might be formalized like in a matrix. That performance pretend to estimate and analyze different aspects of human capital and investment in it based on the system performance. It is justified that national human capital is directly related to human development; therefore Human Development Index is convenient and clear indicator of estimating country’s human capital. The HDI published by UN put Russia among countries with high human capital assets. Thus, the accumulation of human capital, reflected in growth of HDI, is the foundation of further sustainable economic growth.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134213034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deceptive Game of Today's Capitalist Globalization: Evidence from Malaysia's Experience","authors":"R. Molla, Md. Mahmudul Alam, M. W. Murad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2941577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2941577","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is the economic policy of integration of national economies with global economy on the basis of free market competition. It is a neoliberal prescription for industrialization and growth of the emerging economies of the South and a project of capital accumulation for the capitalist North through a process of securing disproportionate share of benefits at the expense of the developing South. The content analysis and Malaysia’s globalization experience poise to support the hypothesis that globalization has high potential to contribute to industrialization and growth of the emerging economies, but at the same time, the way it is practiced, it is a deceptive game of the North and cannot be trusted wholeheartedly for emancipation of the developing economies. The paper suggests for a policy of target oriented ‘inclusive globalization’ to ensure equitable share of benefits of specialization and globalization.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125321703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Children Benefit from Internet Access? Experimental Evidence from a Developing Country","authors":"Ofer Malamud, S. Cueto, Julián Cristia, Diether W. Beuermann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3305515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3305515","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides experimental evidence for the impact of home internet access on a broad range of child outcomes in Peru. Children who were randomly chosen to receive laptops with high-speed internet access are compared with i) those who did not receive laptops and ii) those who only received laptops without internet. It is found that providing free internet access led to improved computer and internet proficiency relative to those without laptops and improved internet proficiency compared to those with laptops only. However, there were no significant effects of internet access on math and reading achievement, cognitive skills, self-esteem, teacher perceptions, or school grades when compared to either group. Reasons for the absence of impacts on these key outcomes are explored with survey questions, time-diaries, and computer logs.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129912168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review on Human Development Index","authors":"Anam Javaid, A. Akbar, S. Nawaz","doi":"10.52131/pjhss.2018.0603.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2018.0603.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Human development index is considered as very important for economy as by looking on it, development level of any country can be seen. It is based on education Index, health index and on GDP so for the purpose of analyzing the developing level of a country in different years, it is important to consider its HDI. In literature, Different authors have worked on HDI. The current paper summarizes the work by different authors so from this review paper the work that had been done on HDI can be seen.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130001722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whoever Has Will Be Given More: Child Endowment and Human Capital Investment","authors":"L. Borga, Myroslav Pidkuyko","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3161182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3161182","url":null,"abstract":"Using a unique longitudinal survey from Ethiopia, we investigate whether resource constrained parents reinforce or attenuate differences in early abilities between their children. We propose a simple model that allows for sibling interactions. To overcome the endogeneity associated with measures of endowment, we construct a measure of human capital at birth that is plausibly net of prenatal investment. We estimate a sibling fixed-effect model to account for bias due to unobserved family-specific heterogeneity. We find that parents reinforce educational inequality: inherently healthy children are more likely to attend preschool, be enrolled in elementary school, and have more expenses incurred towards their education. Health inputs are allocated in a compensatory manner.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131996648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects and Challenges: Mozambique's Growth and Human Development Outlook to 2040","authors":"A. Porter, David K. Bohl, Stellah Kwasi, Z. Donnenfeld, Jakkie Cilliers","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3099373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3099373","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose and Scope: This report uses the International Futures (IFs) forecasting system to analyze and provide an overview of Mozambique’s progress in a historical and regional context, show its expected trajectory across a number of core development sectors, and explore alternative futures through scenario analysis. It explores five-year alternative scenarios that simulate the successful implementation of various health, education, agricultural, and governance related programs between 2018 and 2022 and evaluates their long-term impact (out to 2040). It also includes two broader positive and negative possible trajectories in order to frame uncertainty around Mozambique’s future. In this sense, this report is meant to offer a framework in which to think about and evaluate long-term effects and tradeoffs of successful policy interventions across sectors, rather than to offer sector-specific policy and implementation guidance. The report was financed by the Embassy of Ireland in Mozambique, as an input into the development of their Country Strategy 2018-22, and developed in collaboration with the National Directorate for Economic and Financial Studies of the Ministry of Economy and Finance. The process included updating the model with national data, consultations with national stakeholders in Maputo including government officials, civil society and international development partners, and a scenario workshop to explore the range of interventions in the model. Overview: Mozambique has experienced significant progress across many areas of human development over the past 20 years. Economic growth has averaged 7%, life expectancy has improved by over 10 years, gross primary enrollment has increased by nearly 60% and agricultural production has increased by 50% over this period. While this progress has improved the lives of some Mozambicans, it has not translated into inclusive growth and development for much of the population. Mozambique continues to lag behind its peers in key human and social development indicators. The number of people living in extreme poverty has risen by over 5 million since 1995, the number of those without access to improved water and sanitation has risen by nearly 4 million and more than 7 million, respectively, and Mozambique still has one of the lowest levels of educational attainment in the world. The recent discovery of natural gas has generated great optimism for the country’s future. However, natural gas production and ensuing GDP growth will not be a panacea for Mozambican development. Natural gas production is forecast to drive large gains in economic growth from the mid-2020s to the early 2030s, but rapid population growth, rising inequality and lack of access to basic services and infrastructure means that much of this growth may not benefit the poor. Even with a significant increase in gas production and growth, the absolute number of people living in extreme poverty is forecast to be nearly the same in 2040 (18.7","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130356008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Опыт страдания в условиях неравенства: анализ идей Пола Фармера (The Experience of Suffering in Conditions of Inequality: An Analysis of the Ideas of Paul Farmer)","authors":"D. Mikhel","doi":"10.22394/2074-0492-2017-4-127-147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2074-0492-2017-4-127-147","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Russian Abstract:</b> В статье рассматриваются некоторые результаты работы ведущего представителя Гарвардской школы медицинской антропологии, профессора Пола Фармера. Анализируется его деятельность по созданию системы общественного здравоохранения на Гаити, показана связь между этой работой и врачебной практикой в США, а также поездками на Кубу и в Россию в рамках кампании по лечению туберкулеза. Работа Фармера как врача тесно связана с его исследованиями проблем социального неравенства, структурного насилия и несправедливого распределения ресурсов. Особое внимание уделяется обсуждению его взглядов на глобальное неравенство в сфере здоровья, которое воплощается в фактах неравномерного распределения уровня смертности от инфекционных болезней между богатыми и бедными странами, а также между богатыми и бедными в одной и той же стране. Показано, что структурное насилие воплощается в устойчивой и неприметной тенденции унижения и подавления одних общественных групп другими, развивающихся обществ развитыми. Следствием структурного насилия являются страдания отдельных индивидов и целых обществ, лишенных доступа к основным ресурсам жизнеобеспечения – продовольствию, хорошему жилью, качественной медицинской помощи. Исследования Фармером опыта страдания на Гаити вскрыло две основные его причины, укорененные в колониальной и постколониальной истории этой страны – политическое насилие и высокий уровень распространения инфекций. Созданная Фармером некоммерческая организация «Партнеры во имя здоровья» на протяжении более трех десятилетий выполняет важную гуманитарную миссию на Гаити и за ее пределами, оказывает бесплатную медицинскую помощь высокого качества всем нуждающимся. В рамках этой работы Фармеру пришлось критически переосмыслить опыт ВОЗ по оказанию помощи населению развивающихся стран, доказав, что лечение в странах Третьего мира также должно строиться на принципах социальной справедливости, с привлечением всех возможных ресурсов. <b>English Abstract:</b> This article discusses some of the results of the leading representative of the Harvard School of medical anthropology professor Paul Farmer. It is analyzed his work to create a public health system in Haiti, it is shown the relationship between this work and medical practice in the United States, as well as trips to Cuba and Russia as part of the treatment of tuberculosis campaign. Farmer’s work as a doctor is closely related to his study of the problems of social inequality, structural violence and inequitable distribution of resources. Attention is given to the discussion of his views on global inequalities in health, which is embodied in the facts of the uneven distribution of mortality from infectious diseases between rich and poor countries and between rich and poor in the same country. It is shown that structural violence is embodied in a sustainable and obscure the trends of humiliation and suppression of some social groups by others, of developing societies by developed. The consequence o","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124608044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hello from the Other Side: Have Myanmar's Mobile Adoption Trends Changed Over the Years?","authors":"Gayani Hurulle, Ayesha Zainudeen, Helani Galpaya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3058646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3058646","url":null,"abstract":"This study looks to assess if a demographic shift in new mobile owners occurred with phones diffusing to individuals in small townships and rural areas, or if phones continued to be concentrated in the hands of the wealthy in big cities. It then examines the relationship between the date of purchase of a SIM and different uses of mobile phones. The influence of other factors such as age, gender and socio-economic status are also addressed.","PeriodicalId":350026,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Human Development in Developing Economies (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114072210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}