Crystal Growth & Design最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing GaN Surface Morphology through Controlled Photo-Electroless Etching for Enhanced Optical Properties","authors":"Antouman Sallah*,&nbsp;Giacometta Mineo*,&nbsp;Stefano Boscarino,&nbsp;Silvia Scalese,&nbsp;Vincenzina Strano,&nbsp;Riccardo Reitano,&nbsp;Paolo Musumeci,&nbsp;Giorgia Franzó,&nbsp;Francesco Ruffino and Maria G. Grimaldi,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00726","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanostructured gallium nitride (GaN) shows strong potential in enhancing ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors through improved sensitivity and in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) via better spatial resolution. It is also promising for quantum photonics, particularly as a scalable, room-temperature single-photon emitter vital for quantum communication and sensing. A cost-effective photo-electroless etching (PEE) technique was employed to fabricate various GaN nanostructures, including vertically aligned nanowires (NWs) with a mean length of 1.75 ± 0.21 μm and a diameter of 39.36 ± 11.28 nm, as well as complex nano- and microporous layers. The study evaluated how different illumination conditions, power levels, and etching durations influenced the etching efficiency and surface morphology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses revealed the transition from porous layers to vertical NWs, which eventually detached from the substrate. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed that the structures consist primarily of gallium and nitrogen, consistent with GaN composition, while photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopies were employed to investigate their optical properties. The efficiency of UV photon emission relative to visible emission was quantified, revealing a strong dependence on the morphology. These results prove how PEE enhances photon extraction, positioning GaN as a versatile platform for future quantum technologies.</p><p >A cost-effective photo-electroless etching (PEE) method was used to fabricate GaN nanowires and nano/microporous layers. Morphology evolution under varying illumination and etching conditions was studied via SEM, AFM, and spectroscopy. Enhanced optical emission efficiency correlated with structure, highlighting PEE’s potential for tailoring GaN nanostructures in quantum photonic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7591–7600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Situ Growth of FeBTC on Nickel Foam as a Flexible Electrode for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitors","authors":"Hailong Liu,&nbsp;Zeyu Zhuang,&nbsp;Yuehao Zhong and Dingxin Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00601","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Transition metal-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit promising potential in applications of supercapacitors due to their high porosity, large surface area, and abundant redox active sites. However, to date, most of the reported electrodes based on MOFs are fabricated through mixing of MOFs with binders such as PVDF and Nafion and then depositing them onto conductive substrates. The use of binders significantly deteriorates the electrical conductivity of the whole electrode. Herein, we report a binder-free MOF-based electrode fabricated through in situ growing FeBTC onto Ni foam (NF) by a hydrothermal method. The as-fabricated FeBTC/NF electrode exhibited a high specific capacitance of 2809 mF cm^–2 at 2 mA cm^–2, and exceptional flexibility at bending angles of 0 to 150°. Using FeBTC/NF as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode, an asymmetric supercapacitor (FeBTC/NF//AC/NF) was assembled, which possessed a specific capacitance of 345.14 mF cm^–2 at 4 mA cm^–2 with a retention rate of 78.80% after 5000 cycles and delivered a maximum energy density of 93.96 μWh cm^–2 (82.20 Wh kg^–1) and a maximum power density of 17500 μW cm^–2 (15311 W kg^–1).</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7366–7373"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Cubic-to-Tetragonal Phase Transition of Cu2+yZn1–ySnSxSe4–x Solid Solutions","authors":"Marcelo Augusto Malagutti,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Eleonora Isotta,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sebastian Bette,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Himanshu Nautiyal,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Binayak Mukherjee,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Andrea Chiappini,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jurgen Smet,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Carlos Eduardo Maduro Campos,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Robert Dinnebier,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Narges Ataollahi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rosa Di Maggio,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Paolo Scardi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00935","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The Cu_2+<i>y</i>Zn_1–<i>y</i>SnS_<i>x</i>Se_4–<i>x</i> (0 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 4; <i>y</i> = 0, 0.125) system is an earth-abundant, nontoxic chalcogenide with tunable polymorphism and chemical disorder, making it a promising candidate for sustainable thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications. Recent stabilization of cubic sphalerite Cu₂ZnSnS₄ and Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ via mechanochemical synthesis has demonstrated enhanced thermoelectric performance attributed to low-energy optical phonon modes and topological conduction pathways for charge carriers. In this study, we explore the role of anion substitution and Cu-induced Cu_Zn antisite disorder in stabilizing the cubic phase and driving its transformation to the partially disordered tetragonal kesterite structure at high temperature. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and first-principles simulations (DFT, DFPT, AIMD) reveals that Cu-rich compositions deviate from Vegard’s law, show increased stacking fault density, and exhibit pronounced distortion in the tetrahedral motifs. AIMD results indicate that the higher symmetry of the cubic phase permits a broad distribution of tetrahedral configurations, stabilizing disorder and stacking faults. Upon thermal activation, entropy favors the emergence of more stable S/Se–Cu₃Sn, S/Se–Cu₂ZnSn, and S/Se–CuZn₂Sn motifs, stabilizing the kesterite phase with a reduced quantity of microstructural defects. Notably, in compositions close to Cu_2+<i>y</i>Zn_1–<i>y</i>SnS₂Se₂, classified as high-entropy alloys, Baur bond and angle distortions peak, suggesting structural robustness despite high defect concentrations. This work provides a fundamental understanding of microstructural disorder from the atomic motif level, offering valuable guidelines for tuning phase stability and properties in Cu_2+<i>y</i>Zn_1–<i>y</i>SnS_<i>x</i>Se_4–<i>x</i> kesterite and sphalerite materials.</p><p >This study explores how anion substitution and Cu-induced disorder govern phase stability in Cu_2+<i>y</i>Zn_1−<i>y</i>SnS_<i>x</i>Se_4−<i>x</i> chalcogenides, combining diffraction, spectroscopy, and first-principles simulations. Results show that cubic sphalerite is stabilized by antisite disorder and stacking faults, while thermal activation promotes ordered kesterite motifs with fewer defects. These insights clarify the disorder−stability relationship, guiding the design of sustainable thermoelectric and photovoltaic materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 19","pages":"8133–8146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00935","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145195660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conformation of Alkyl to Tune Photochemical Topo-[2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Benzylidenethiazolidinedione for Construction of Photomechanical Crystals","authors":"Xiqiao Yang,&nbsp;Jingbo Sun*,&nbsp;Chao Chen,&nbsp;Jiangbin Zhong,&nbsp;Hanqi Luo,&nbsp;Kaiqi Ye and Ran Lu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00921","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The understanding of the influence of the alkyl chain conformation on the photochemical cycloaddition in crystals still remains a great challenge since the molecules may adopt thousands of different conformers in the crystallizing environment. In this work, the influence of alkyl chain conformation on solid-state photoinduced [2 + 2] cycloaddition of benzylidenethiazolidinedione derivatives (<b>BTD</b> and <i>N</i>-alkylated <b>BTDn</b>, <i>n</i> = 1–10) was investigated. It was found that <b>BTD</b>, <b>BTD1</b>, <b>BTD2</b>, <b>BTD4</b>, <b>BTD5</b>, and <b>BTD8</b> underwent topo-[2 + 2] cycloaddition, but <b>BTD3</b>, <b>BTD6</b>, <b>BTD7</b>, <b>BTD9</b>, and <b>BTD10</b> were photoinert. Single crystal structural analyses demonstrated that the alkyls in <b>BTD3</b> and <b>BTD8</b> adopted all-<i>anti</i> conformation, and the others exhibited C²–C³ <i>gauche</i> conformation. An independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partition of molecular density (IGMH) and energy decomposition analyses (EDA) confirmed that the intermolecular interactions were stronger for the photochemical reactive systems than those for photoinert ones. Furthermore, the thermodynamic analysis of formation enthalpy and entropy suggested that an entropy change vs per increasing number of carbon atoms in alkyls could give information on how closely the molecules are arranged. Notably, the molecular crystals based on the photochemical reactive compounds exhibited significant photomechanical effects. This work demonstrated that the alkyl chain conformation is critical for tuning the solid-state photoinduced [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which is helpful for designing photomechanical crystalline materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7735–7744"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Microwave Radiation and Mechanochemistry in the Formation of Purine Alkaloids Cocrystals Using Pyromellitic Acid as a Coformer: Synthesis, Structural, Spectroscopic, Thermal Analysis, and Biological Properties","authors":"Weronika Cal,&nbsp;Mateusz R. Gołdyn*,&nbsp;Oliwia Grupa,&nbsp;Justyna Starzyk,&nbsp;Daria Larowska-Zarych,&nbsp;Kamil Frąckowiak and Elżbieta Bartoszak-Adamska,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00860","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cocrystallization provides an efficient approach to modifying a wide range of physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), including solubility, dissolution rate, melting point, and hygroscopicity. Therefore, the development of effective and fast cocrystallization techniques is crucial for selectively obtaining a specific crystalline form. This study explores the potential of green chemical methods for synthesizing multicomponent cocrystals of theobromine (TBR) and theophylline (TPH) using pyromellitic acid (PMLA) as a coformer. Solution-based screening experiments with TBR resulted in the identification of a new TBR·PMLA 2:1 cocrystal. In the case of TPH, four new multicomponent forms were discovered, including two polymorphic TPH·PMLA 2:1 cocrystals (forms I and II) and two cocrystal solvates: TPH·PMLA·MeOH 2:1:2 and TPH·PMLA·H₂O 1:1:2. Cocrystallization via grinding enabled the formation of cocrystals within 30 min to 2 h, while microwave-assisted cocrystallization significantly reduced the process time to just 5 min. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) confirmed the formation of the obtained cocrystals, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) facilitated X-ray structural analysis for the characteristic supramolecular synthons formation in the crystal. Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) demonstrated the high thermal stability of the studied systems. Additionally, a variable-temperature SXRD experiment, performed for the TPH·PMLA·MeOH 2:1:2 single crystal in the 300–415 K range, revealed negative volumetric thermal expansion of this cocrystal solvate and a gradual solvent release, ultimately leading to a phase transition into the TPH·PMLA 2:1 II cocrystal. UV–vis spectroscopy confirmed an enhancement in TBR solubility and a decrease in TPH solubility in water following cocrystallization using PMLA. Furthermore, biological studies demonstrated the influence of the cocrystallization on the inhibition of specific bacterial and fungal strains.</p><p >Mechanochemical and microwave-assisted cocrystallization was applied to synthesize novel purine alkaloid cocrystals with pyromellitic acid as a coformer, which was confirmed through powder X-ray diffraction. Spectroscopic studies have shown the effect of cocrystallization on the solubility of purine alkaloids. Furthermore, biological studies demonstrated the impact of cocrystallization on the inhibition of specific bacterial and fungal strains.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7684–7700"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00860","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supramolecular Analysis of Six Novel Multicomponent Compounds of Substituted Salicylic Acids with Pyridine-Based Coformers","authors":"Emmanuele Parisi*,&nbsp;Riccardo Montis* and Luca Catalano*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00807","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Crystallization of salicylic acid derivatives in the presence of either pyridine or 2-aminopyridine produced six novel crystal structures, covering most of the key components of the typical organic crystal form landscape. The six structures, which comprise salts, ionic cocrystals, solvates, and polymorphs, have been structurally compared and the influence of intermolecular interactions and molecular shape have been examined to identify any possible influence on the crystal packing and the energy frameworks of the different crystal forms.</p><p >Crystallization of salicylic acid derivatives with pyridine-based coformers yielded a diverse array of crystal forms, including salts, ionic cocrystals, solvates, and polymorphs, highlighting the broad range of outcomes within the organic crystal form landscape and their dependence on intermolecular interactions and molecular shape.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7618–7627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Phosphomolybdate-Based Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxide for Methane/Ethane and Methane/Propane Separation","authors":"Liangcheng Zou,&nbsp;Youyou Liao,&nbsp;Xiaotong Xu,&nbsp;Yixuan Yan,&nbsp;Guijin Zheng,&nbsp;You Wu,&nbsp;Chenxi Yang,&nbsp;Wei Fang,&nbsp;Qianqian Zhu*,&nbsp;Yanshuo Li* and Zhenxin Zhang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00802","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zeolitic octahedral metal oxide (ZOMO) is interesting for its structure and composition diversity, which make it a good adsorbent for gas separation. This study investigates the synthesis of zeolitic phosphomolybdate and explores the applications of zeolitic phosphomolybdate for methane purification from methane/ethane and methane/propane mixtures. The synthesis conditions have a significant impact on the structure formation and microporosity of the materials, which is studied in detail, shedding light on the formation mechanism of the zeolitic phosphomolybdate framework. The resulting zeolitic phosphomolybdate shows good separation performance for methane/ethane and methane/propane separation. The microporosity of zeolitic phosphomolybdate was modified by organic ammonium cation exchange, which further improved the separation performance. The zeolitic phosphomolybdate can be easily regenerated and reused several times.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7637–7647"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling the Stability of Tautomeric Polymorphs in a Multistep Proton-Transfer System Using a Homologue Approach to Fine-Tune the Potential Energy Landscape","authors":"Ryo Koibuchi,&nbsp;Masaki Makita,&nbsp;Hajime Shingai,&nbsp;Isao Yoshikawa and Hirohiko Houjou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00817","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The relationship between the temperature-dependent shift in tautomeric equilibrium and the solid–solid phase transition was examined for double-headed Schiff base derivatives (C<i>n</i>s) through a comprehensive analysis combining calorimetry, spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Varying the length of the aliphatic chains modulated the energy landscape of the Enol and Keto forms in the crystalline state, allowing us to identify three distinct packing types (herringbone, slip-stacked, and wavelike), each exhibiting a characteristic tautomeric preference. These tautomeric polymorphs underwent solid–solid phase transitions from the keto-predominant phase to the enol-predominant phase, where the transitions were driven by a temperature-dependent shift in the tautomeric equilibrium, as observed for negative-to-regular thermochromic switching. Computational studies further elucidated the role of electrostatic interactions intrinsic to each packing type in stabilizing the metastable keto tautomer. These findings provide fundamental insights into the mechanisms governing phase transitions among tautomeric polymorphs, offering a rational framework for designing advanced functional molecular crystals responsive to external stimuli.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7655–7668"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Synergistic Cocrystallization of Chemically Related Curcuminoids with Hydroxybenzenes","authors":"Steffi Wünsche,&nbsp;Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern and Heike Lorenz*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00558","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cocrystallization of the curcuminoids (CURDs) curcumin (CUR), demethoxycurcumin (DMC), and bis(demethoxy)curcumin (BDMC) with the coformers resorcinol (RES) and hydroxyquinol (HYQ) from solution was investigated toward its potential of being used as a synergistic separation technique of the CURDs from their ternary mixtures. Therefore, solubilities of single CURDs with the respective coformer in toluene-ethyl acetate 90/10 v/v at 25 °C were measured, and ternary phase diagrams were constructed. CUR·RES and BDMC·HYQ cocrystals were identified, revealing an incongruent solubility behavior. All other CURD-coformer systems showed eutectic behavior. Separation experiments were performed using a CUR-rich and almost equimolar CURD mixture. Solubility measurements of CURD mixtures revealed large influences on each other’s solubility and high potential of DMC being integrated into CUR crystals and cocrystals. Cocrystallization of CUR·RES from the CUR-rich mixture outperformed direct CUR crystallization. In the case of BDMC·HYQ, the presence of the other CURDs suppressed cocrystal formation. Using the universal cocrystal solubility product <i>K</i>_s, CUR·RES cocrystal solubilities were predicted in ethanol, a solvent exhibiting large solubility differences between CUR and other CURDs. Subsequent separation experiments showed no benefit of cocrystallization over direct CUR crystallization.</p><p >Ternary phase diagrams of curcuminoids curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis(demethoxy)curcumin with coformers resorcinol and hydroxyquinol in toluene-ethyl acetate 90/10 v/v solvent at 25 °C were determined. The formation of a curcumin-resorcinol cocrystal was exploited for separating curcumin from a curcuminoid mixture with an achieved purity of 86.4%. Solubility data were used to predict ternary phase diagrams in another solvent, ethanol.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7489–7503"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth of Bulk Hexagonal Boron Nitride from a Lithium Flux","authors":"Nathan Stoddard,&nbsp;Florian Metzger,&nbsp;Tenzin Sherpa,&nbsp;Jonathan Valenzuela and Siddha Pimputkar*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00916","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The hexagonal polymorph of boron nitride (hBN) is a material of great interest for electronic and optoelectronic applications. There is a demand for large-area single crystals both as a bulk material and as a source of 2D monolayers for quantum and 2D devices. Recent work has produced millimeter-scale lateral dimensions but thicknesses only in the range of tens to lower hundreds of micrometers. The temperature (1400−1800 °C) and/or pressure conditions (2.5−2500 MPa) for crystal growth by existing methods provide significant limitations to upscaling and tend to produce very thin crystals. This study describes the growth of hBN crystals via two routes from a flux of lithium boron nitride in a novel parameter space: around 1200 °C with 0.1−1.5 MPa of nitrogen overpressure. Analysis of the hBN crystals provides evidence for optical transparency without coloration, phase purity, chemical purity, a narrow Raman peak width (8.2 cm⁻¹ for <i>E</i>_2g), and aspect ratios (thickness/width) of 0.1−0.25 for crystals with lateral widths in the <i>c</i>-plane of 0.5−1.5 mm, offering a path for the attainment of thicker crystals.</p><p >Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is sought for electronic and quantum devices, but current growth methods yield thin crystals. We report hBN growth from lithium boron nitride flux at ∼1200 °C and 0.1−1.5 MPa N₂, producing millimeter-scale, phase-pure, transparent crystals with improved thickness (aspect ratio 0.1−0.25), offering a route toward larger, thicker single crystals.</p>","PeriodicalId":34,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Growth & Design","volume":"25 18","pages":"7726–7734"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.cgd.5c00916","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145094437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}