H. Suryanarayana, M. Mobarrez, Jacob Miscio, Xiaoqing Song, A. Kadavelugu, S. Colombi
{"title":"Toroidal Inductor Design and Comparison Between Interleaved and Non-Interleaved 300 kW High Efficiency SiC Inverter","authors":"H. Suryanarayana, M. Mobarrez, Jacob Miscio, Xiaoqing Song, A. Kadavelugu, S. Colombi","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595749","url":null,"abstract":"For high power inverters with SiC semiconductors, simple converter topologies offer benefits in cost and efficiency. Converters at 300 kW and higher might require paralleling of semiconductors. In this work, hard-paralleling and interleaving approaches for high power converters are compared based on cost and efficiency. A method to compare these configurations including designing the switching inductor with application specific requirements is described. Such requirements may reduce the benefit of filter size reduction that comes with the higher switching frequency of SiC converters. A tool has been developed in MATLAB to obtain valid toroidal powder core inductor designs including saturation requirements. PLECS modeling is used to quantify semiconductor losses. Experimental validation of saturation characteristics with the final selected inductor is presented. A simple method to use voltage and current data from a double pulse test setup to obtain the experimental saturation characteristics of the switching inductor is presented.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115678085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Fernández, D. Reigosa, Yonghyun Park, Sang-Bin Lee, F. Briz
{"title":"Hall-Effect Sensors as Multipurpose Devices to Control, Monitor and Diagnose AC Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines","authors":"Daniel Fernández, D. Reigosa, Yonghyun Park, Sang-Bin Lee, F. Briz","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595042","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing use of permanent magnet synchronous machines is motivating the research on lower cost and higher reliability techniques for control, diagnostics and condition monitoring. Control of PMSMs typically involves current and position sensors while diagnostics tasks usually rely on vibration, flux measurements, current monitoring etc. Hall-effect sensors have shown to be a low cost, robust and reliable option for position/speed feedback (to control the machine), online monitoring and detection of failures through the leakage flux measurement using simple processing algorithms. This paper summarizes the available techniques for motion control, monitoring and diagnosis of permanent magnet synchronous machines using Hall-effect sensors and proposes a processing method to allow simultaneous operation of all these techniques. The output of the proposed system are estimations of the rotor position, electromagnetic torque, permanent magnet magnetization state, permanent magnet temperature and degree of eccentricity.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124517063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irene Peláez, C. Blanco, Andrés Suárez, Ángel Navarro, P. García
{"title":"Levelized Cost of Energy Optimization in Hybrid PV Plants by Energy Storage for Ramp-Rate Control Operation","authors":"Irene Peláez, C. Blanco, Andrés Suárez, Ángel Navarro, P. García","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9596010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9596010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to optimize the levelized cost of energy of a hybrid PV plant considering the integration of an electrical energy storage system to reduce the costs associated with ramp control penalization. The optimization is performed using a real annual profile from a PV plant. Three different minute-to-minute generation profiles based on historical irradiance data are used for the comparison: the time series model, the Hofmann minute model and the Skartveit and Olseth minute model. It is found that the results from the models can predict similar results to the ones obtained from the real profile, thus being a valuable tool for determining the energy storage size for hybrid PV plants during the planning stage.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114335723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Federico Marcolini, G. De Donato, F. G. Capponi, F. Caricchi
{"title":"Design of a High Speed Printed Circuit Board Coreless Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machine","authors":"Federico Marcolini, G. De Donato, F. G. Capponi, F. Caricchi","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595835","url":null,"abstract":"The use of printed circuit board stators in coreless axial flux permanent magnet machines allows to reduce manufacturing costs and to eliminate the main drawbacks of traditional implementations using Litz wire. This work investigates the design of a coreless axial flux permanent magnet machine having printed circuit board concentrated windings. The field model of the coreless machine is reviewed to obtain closed-form equations for torque, eddy current loss and circulating currents loss are presented. Furthermore, cardinal geometrical parameters of the printed circuit board stator and the latest manufacturing possibilities are investigated, followed by the presentation of important machine design details.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114416242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qichen Yang, R. Gonzatti, Hamed Pourgharibshahi, F. Peng
{"title":"Capacitor Voltage Ripple Suppression of the Switched Capacitor Modular Multilevel Converter","authors":"Qichen Yang, R. Gonzatti, Hamed Pourgharibshahi, F. Peng","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595817","url":null,"abstract":"The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is the most promising topology for the medium/high-voltage applications. Recently, a novel type of switched-capacitor MMC (SCMMC) has been proposed, which has inherent capacitor voltage balancing function and higher power density. However, like the conventional MMC, the emerging SCMMC suffers from sub-module (SM) capacitor voltage ripple. Since the SCMMC does not have bulky and heavy arm inductors, the internal dynamics of the SCMMC is significantly different from that in the conventional MMC. Therefore, the existing SM capacitor voltage ripple suppression methods cannot be applied on the SCMMC. To solve the issues, a capacitor voltage ripple suppression method is proposed for the SCMMC, which is compatible with the characteristics of switched capacitor. The proposed method works for the emerging SCMMC with middle SM as well. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114562310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuefei Zuo, Jingwei Zhu, Xin Yuan, Christopher H. T. Lee
{"title":"Two-degree-of-freedom Quasi-PIR Controller for Smooth Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Vernier Machine","authors":"Yuefei Zuo, Jingwei Zhu, Xin Yuan, Christopher H. T. Lee","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595563","url":null,"abstract":"In the direct-drive applications, the low-frequency torque ripples produced by some nonideal factors of the system deteriorates the control performance. The proportional-integral-resonant (PIR) controller is generally employed to suppress the torque ripple and smooth the speed. Generally, the PIR controller is designed based on the internal model principle, and quasi-PIR controller is usually employed instead of the classical PIR controller due to its less sensitivity to the resonant frequency. However, the disturbance rejection ability of the quasi-PIR controller is restricted by the measurement noise. Moreover, undesired dynamics will be caused by the rapid change in speed reference and multiple resonant controllers are required for suppressing multiple torque harmonics. In this paper, a new design method of the PIR controller is introduced to show the essence of the resonant controller. Instantaneous speed observer is employed to suppress the measurement noise so that better disturbance rejection ability of quasi-PIR controller can be achieved with higher gain. To avoid the undesired dynamics, two-degree-of-freedom quasi-PIR controller is proposed by employing a tracking differentiator as the prefilter for speed reference. With the proposed TDOF quasi-PIR controller, multiple torque harmonics can be suppressed by only one resonant controller. Experimental results are shown to verify the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114795363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W. Wang, Zhiwei Chen, Tong Liu, Jie Chen, Zilong Wang, Qicai Ren, Alian Chen
{"title":"Startup Strategy for ISOP Hybrid DC Transformer Featuring Low Current and Voltage Stress","authors":"W. Wang, Zhiwei Chen, Tong Liu, Jie Chen, Zilong Wang, Qicai Ren, Alian Chen","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595233","url":null,"abstract":"The input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) hybrid dc transformer (HDCT) combining series resonant converter (SRC) and dual-active bridge (DAB) converter has higher efficiency than the ISOP DAB converter while maintaining the controllability of dc voltage or power. However, the startup control of ISOP HDCT is quite challenging, and the incorrect and uncoordinated startup strategies may cause excessive voltage and current stress in SRC and DAB. This paper proposed a three-stage startup strategy to address these issues, which can cooperatively control two types of converter submodules, accurately limit the switching current, quickly eliminate the overvoltage on input capacitors, and set up the output voltage with negligible overshoot. Besides, through the proposed strategy, SRC and DAB can smoothly shift to serial resonant and single phase-shift (SPS) modulation mode, respectively, which will not affect the steady-state control performance. The proposed strategy is experimentally verified on a 500 W prototype.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114816869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High Power, High Efficiency Wireless Power Transfer at 27.12 MHz Using CMCD Converters","authors":"Jack Rademacher, Xin Zan, A. Avestruz","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9594951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9594951","url":null,"abstract":"Current-mode class D (CMCD) converters are robust choices for bi-directional wireless power transfer (WPT) due to strong voltage boundary and simplicity at high frequency (HF, 3-30MHz) and very high frequency (VHF, 30-300MHz). A CMCD operating at HF-VHF also enables high power density and circuit integration, but suffers from multiple loss mechanisms that degrade efficiency. Operating at high frequency and high power output presents unique challenges, including parasitic switch losses and WPT coil losses. GaN FETs are the leading candidates for next generation power electronics due to their superior switching speed and power handling capability, but remain a primary factor limiting a CMCD from achieving high efficiency at higher power and higher frequency. In this paper, we investigate the losses that occur in CMCD converters and formulate an optimization procedure to maximize efficiency. This procedure is verified against a full circuit simulation within LTspice. With careful selection of design parameters, the performance of an optimized CMCD can achieve 101.9 W with 89.6% efficiency at 27.12 MHz.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114688903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Optimization of PCB-Winding Matrix Transformer for 400V/12V Unregulated LLC Converter","authors":"P. Prakash, Ahmed Nabih, Qiang Li","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595190","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated high-output-current DC/DC converters are critical technologies for future datacenter power architecture. LLC converters with matrix transformers are suitable for these applications due to their high efficiency and high power density. Previously, The Center for Power Electronics Systems (CPES) proposed a PCB-winding based matrix transformer for a 400V/12V 1MHz unregulated LLC converter. This paper aims to further improve the efficiency of the converter, without compromising on the power density, by optimizing the switching frequency of the converter, and mitigating the current sharing issues associated with center-tap rectifiers and shielding in matrix transformers with multiple outputs. The elimination of these issues is critical because they can lead to non-uniform increases in device temperatures and a reduction in the overall efficiency of the converter. The proposed improvements are verified by developing a 1 kW prototype with a peak efficiency of 98.05% and a power density of 940 W/in3","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116917746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. N. Ho, Ying Fang, Yanming Xu, Isuru Jayawardana
{"title":"Thermal-HIL Real-Time Testing Platform for Evaluating Cooling Systems of Power Rectifiers","authors":"C. N. Ho, Ying Fang, Yanming Xu, Isuru Jayawardana","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595363","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a novel Thermal-Hardware-in-the-Loop (T-HIL) cooling system evaluating platform is proposed. The platform consists of a physical cooling system, which is used to be evaluated or characterized, hardware-software interfaces, and real-time simulation models for a power semiconductor. The hardware and software are connected and interacted in real-time. Thus, the platform can test the dynamic performance of the physical cooling system by inputting minimum energy. The power semiconductor is modeled in a software environment, and it is easy to change types of power semiconductors. It can effectively reduce R&D costs and provide a safe testing environment for engineers to evaluate or characterize cooling systems. The individual components in the proposed T-HIL system are studied and experimentally verified by the T-HIL system prototype. Moreover, the overall system evaluation results show that the proposed system can simulate power semiconductor losses and has good agreement with the theoretical findings.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}