{"title":"Cost-Efficient 2D Analysis for PM Eddy Current Loss in PMSM by Coupled A-Φ and T-Ω Method","authors":"Jun-Yeol Ryu, Jun-Woo Chin, M. Lim","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595513","url":null,"abstract":"An eddy current of a permanent magnet (PM) used to be calculated by a 3-dimensional transient finite element analysis (3D FEA) in a conventional method. Although the 3D transient FEA brings out accurate results, it is hard to be used in the motor design because of its long computational time. Therefore, this paper proposes a cost-efficient 2D analysis to calculate the PM eddy current loss with high accuracy and low computational resource. Assuming that the flux generated by the eddy current of the PM is ignored, the flus distribution is calculated by a 2D static $mathrm{A}-Phi$ method on $x y$-plane. The harmonics of the flux density in the PM region are calculated. Since the time-variant of the flux density is the source of the eddy current, the flus density harmonics are reflected in a time harmonic $T-Omega$ method to calculate the eddy current of the PM on $x z$ - and $y z$-plane. Through the proposed method, the conventional 3D FEA is replaced by multiple 2D FEAs. In addition, the static and time harmonic analyses allow the advantage in the computational time. Thus, the proposed method has advantages of high reliability and short computation. Results, such as average value of the PM eddy current loss and computational time, which is obtained on the proposed and conventional method were compared for validation.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130941663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of the HV DC Bus Impedance on the Current Ripple Distribution in Electric Vehicles","authors":"M. Schlüter, M. Gentejohann, S. Dieckerhoff","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595956","url":null,"abstract":"Current harmonics generated by the main inverter of an Electric Vehicle (EV) are distributed over the High Voltage (HV) DC bus. The influence of DC bus changes, e.g., adding or modifying HV components is investigated and a method to model and analyzed the distribution of the current harmonics over the DC bus and its HV components is proposed.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130943372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Tarisciotti, L. Papini, Constanza Ahumada, P. Bolognesi
{"title":"Predictive Control For An Active Magnetic Bearing System With Sensorless Position Control","authors":"L. Tarisciotti, L. Papini, Constanza Ahumada, P. Bolognesi","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595339","url":null,"abstract":"Active Magnetic Bearing (AMB) technology is becoming attractive for several reasons such as friction-free suspension and high-speed operation, high reliability, and vibrations exemption. These desirable features come at the cost of an increased complexity of the system, which includes position sensors, a power electronic converter and a control system dedicated to the AMBs. This paper focus on the control system design of an AMB featuring a Wheatstone bridge winding configuration. To achieve a high-bandwidth current control able to generate the desired forces, a Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) has been proposed in this paper. The proposed FCS-MPC includes an estimation of the AMB coils inductance, which can be used to improve the control system performance and, at the same time, provide a rotor position estimation without the need of additional sensing coils and possibly without the use of conventional position sensors. The AMB is modelled considering finite element simulation results in order to evaluate the relation between coil inductance variation and rotor position. A standard PI position control is also included in the system. Finally, the control system is validated through simulation.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133399474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Jia, Shenghui Cui, Katharina Hetzenecker, Jingxin Hu, R. D. De Doncker
{"title":"Control of a Three-Phase Four-Wire Modular Multilevel Converter as a Grid Emulator in Fault Scenarios","authors":"Ming Jia, Shenghui Cui, Katharina Hetzenecker, Jingxin Hu, R. D. De Doncker","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595592","url":null,"abstract":"Grid emulators enable the test of grid-connected distributed power generators in an efficient manner. Two-level and three-level voltage source inverters are the most commonly used topologies for grid emulators. An issue of these inverters is the rather complex expansion to higher dc voltages. Their transient performance is also inadequate. This paper presents a technique for using a three-phase four-wire configuration to control a modular multilevel converter as a grid emulator in fault scenarios. These scenarios can either be balanced scenarios such as triple line-to-ground voltage sags or be unbalanced scenarios such as single line-to-ground voltage sags. In comparison with other conventional grid emulator topologies, the modular multilevel converter benefits from a smaller ac filter and a faster response due to its higher voltage level. However, energy control is always a crucial topic for modular multilevel converters, especially under unbalanced conditions.This paper investigates the strategy to control a modular multilevel converter as a grid emulator. It also exams the influence of energy balancing on the steady-state performance and the transient performance of the grid emulator. The control strategy is verified using simulation results of a 400V dc-link modular multilevel converter comprised of 32 sub-modules, where the steady-state performance and the transient performance are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the transient performance of the modular multilevel converter is faster than the one of a conventional inverter. In addition, higher-order harmonics distortion scenarios can be implemented with the modular multilevel converter than a two-level voltage source inverter.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133533258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reza Barzegarkhoo, Majid Farhangi, R. Aguilera, Y. Siwakoti, S. Lee
{"title":"Switched-Boost Common-Ground Five-Level (SBCG5L) Grid-Connected Inverter With Single-Stage Dynamic Voltage Boosting Concept","authors":"Reza Barzegarkhoo, Majid Farhangi, R. Aguilera, Y. Siwakoti, S. Lee","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595581","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic voltage boosting feature in photovoltaic (PV) grid-integrated application is a necessity to achieve the maximum power point of PV arrays as well as boost the input voltage to the necessary dc-link voltage requirement. Such feature is usually achieved by incorporating a front-end boost or buck-boost dc-dc converter tendem with a conventional two or three-level inverter. However, such an integration cannot efficiently meet many IEEE strict grid codes from the power quality, ground leakage current, and the overall efficiency per power density aspects. The aim of this paper is to present a new five-level (5L) inverter with an integrated single-stage dynamic voltage-boosting concept and a common-grounded (CG) feature. As a result, the concern of ground leakage current is addressed through the provided CG feature, whilst both the power quality and overall efficiency of the system are improved with a 5L single-stage boosted output voltage waveform. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposal, apart from the circuit description, some experimental results are also presented.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133628991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Comprehensive Comparison of Concentrated Winding and Distributed Continuous Winding Machine Topologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"T. Husain, Cong Ma, N. Taran, Zhaoyuan Wan","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595089","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a detailed comparison between concentrated wound and distributed continuous wound machines for hybrid electric vehicles. For a fair comparison, both machines are optimized for their best performance using 2D finite element models. In a hybrid electric vehicle, the motor can be placed in various positions in the powertrain. In this paper, P1 and P2 positions are considered. In P1 and P2 applications, the packaging requirements dictate a disc-shaped, or low form factor for the machines, where the form factor is defined as axial length to outer diameter ratio. Thus, it is imperative for machine topologies to have short winding end turns. This study presents a comparison of the two winding topologies with different form factors. The comparisons are with respect to peak performance, continuous performance, efficiency, material weight and approximate cost. It was found that as the package length gets more constrained the concentrated machine has higher peak performance and efficiency, but the distributed wound machine has lower material weights and higher continuous performance.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132720275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of a Multi-Functional Converter System for Traction Electric Drives","authors":"C. Alosa, F. Immovilli, E. Lorenzani","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595626","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of strict regulations in terms of air pollution is pushing automotive industry and heavy equipments vehicles manufacturers to integrate electric drives into the powertrain. To overcome the limitations on maximum battery voltage, a DC-DC bidirectional boost converter stage between the battery and the inverter is widely adopted by manufacturers. However, these converters are bulky, expensive and impact on the system efficiency. For this reason, Multi-Functional Converter Systems (MFCS) have been introduced in order to avoid the voltage boost stage and take advantage of the electric motor and the inverter to integrate the boost converter within these two components. This paper carries out a comparison between a traditional architecture, with a DC-DC boost converter stage, and a MFCS, to determine the best solution in terms of efficiency, weight and encumbrance.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123168511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majid Farhangi, Y. Siwakoti, Reza Barzegarkhoo, S. Hasan, D. Lu, Daniel J. Rogers
{"title":"A Compact Design Using GaN Semiconductor Devices for a Flying Capacitor Five-Level Inverter","authors":"Majid Farhangi, Y. Siwakoti, Reza Barzegarkhoo, S. Hasan, D. Lu, Daniel J. Rogers","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595266","url":null,"abstract":"Multilevel inverters (MLIs) based on the flying capacitor (FC) concept are beneficial in many renewable energy-based applications due to their compactness, low current stress on semiconductor devices, and reasonable thermal behavior for high-power applications. However, the recently developed FC-based topologies suffer from half dc-link voltage utilization and a variable high-frequency common-mode voltage (HF-CMV). The aim of this paper is to propose an FC-based family of MLIs with a five-level (5L) output voltage, full dc-link voltage utilization, and low HF-CMV. Using redundant states and the phase-shifted sinusoidal PWM technique, the value of the flying capacitor has been reduced significantly. The performance of the converter has been verified using Gallium Nitride (GaN) power switches. Circuit description and a brief comparative study with existing MLIs are given to justify the suitability of the topology.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123170420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahmat Khezri, A. Mahmoudi, M. H. Haque, K. Khalilpour
{"title":"Energy Management and Optimal Planning of a Residential Microgrid with Time-of-Use Electricity Tariffs","authors":"Rahmat Khezri, A. Mahmoudi, M. H. Haque, K. Khalilpour","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595208","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops an efficient and practical rule-based energy management system (EMS) for optimal planning of a residential microgrid under time-of-use (TOU) electricity rates to import/export powers from/to the main grid more economically. The developed EMS not only considers the renewable energy generation but also applies the electricity rates to manage power flow between the generation, storage, and consumption. The optimal capacity of wind turbine and battery energy storage are then determined by minimizing the cost of energy. The model includes battery degradation over its life and salvation value at the end of its lifetime. The actual annual load and weather data (at an interval of 1-hour) is carefully incorporated into the optimization model. The effectiveness of the developed model is then checked for a South Australian microgrid using real load and weather data profiles as well as TOU electricity rates. It is found that the proposed EMS and the optimal planning strategy can reduce the cost of electricity of the microgrid compared to the net metering scheme. In addition, the grid-connected households can use 6 kW of WT and 3 kWh of BESS as the optimal capacities to achieve the minimum COE.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131264989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Five-Level T-type Converter Based Fault-Tolerant Isolated Dc-Dc Topology Using WBG Devices","authors":"A. A. Gandomi, L. Parsa, K. Corzine, V. Dargahi","doi":"10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595662","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a bidirectional isolated dc-dc converter is proposed for MVDC applications. In this topology, a modified T-type converter producing a 5-level voltage waveform is used on both sides of a high frequency transformer. The operations of the proposed converter and switching strategies in normal and faulty conditions are investigated in detail. A cost function is used to minimize the overall losses of the converter. The proposed converter has advantages of better fault-tolerance and higher efficiency compared to common dual active bridge dc-dc converters. The operation of the proposed structure is verified by experimental results.","PeriodicalId":349891,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115324523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}