International Journal of Space Structures最新文献

{"title":"Friction magazine: The upcycling of manufacture for structural design","authors":"Alexandre Le Pavec, S. Zerhouni, Nicolas Leduc, K. Kuzmenko, M. Brocato","doi":"10.1177/09560599211064095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211064095","url":null,"abstract":"The growing need for new buildings and the soaring resources depletion call for a new way of considering the building material. As follows, the principle of recycling and reuse keep gaining in consideration as a pertinent strategy to address those issues, inciting the use of new materials and approaches for structural design. The present paper inscribes in this later framework and proposes a method for structural design and manufacturing out of old magazines using a broadly known physical phenomenon of friction in interleaved assemblies. The proposed method consist of a stock-based form-finding strategy for a net-like structure, based on the mechanical and fabrication-aware considerations with an integration of a geodesic constrain control for the rectilinear paper strips. In closing, a demonstration pavilion is built using the developed method and its further potential applications in construction sector are discussed.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"281 - 293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49632842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stock-constrained truss design exploration through combinatorial equilibrium modeling","authors":"Jan Brütting, P. Ohlbrock, Julian Hofer, P. D’Acunto","doi":"10.1177/09560599211064100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211064100","url":null,"abstract":"Reusing structural components has potential to reduce environmental impacts of building structures because it reduces new material use, energy consumption, and waste. When designing structures through reuse, available element characteristics become a design input. This paper presents a new computational workflow to design structures made of reused and new elements. The workflow combines Combinatorial Equilibrium Modeling, efficient Best-Fit heuristics, and Life Cycle Assessment to explore different design options in a user-interactive way and with almost real-time feedback. The method applicability is demonstrated by a realistic case study. Results show that structures combining reused and new elements have a significantly lower environmental impact than solutions made of new material only.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"253 - 269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48602995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generation of elastic geodesic gridshells with anisotropic cross sections","authors":"Charles Haskell, Nicolas Montagne, C. Douthe, O. Baverel, C. Fivet","doi":"10.1177/09560599211064099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211064099","url":null,"abstract":"Geodesic gridshells are shell structures made of continuous elements following geodesic lines. Their properties ease the use of beams with anisotropic cross-sections by avoiding bending about their strong axis. However, such bending may arise when flattening arbitrary geodesic grids, which forbids their initial assembly on the ground. This study provides a process to design elastic geodesic gridshells, that is, gridshells that minimise bending moments in both formed and near-flat configurations. The generation process first brings a target geodesic network onto a plane by maintaining arc lengths. The flat mesh is then relaxed to minimise its main curvatures and hence bending moments in its members. The result is an elastic geodesic gridshell that can be assembled flat on the ground and then lifted up into its target surface. The method is applied to the design of six geodesic gridshells made of reclaimed skis.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"294 - 306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47952680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Upcycling Space Structures","authors":"C. Fivet, O. Baverel","doi":"10.1177/09560599211068076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211068076","url":null,"abstract":"The construction industry’s contribution to the deterioration of Earth’s ecosystem is huge. 11% of all anthropic greenhouse gas emissions worldwide are due to the construction, demolition, and transformation of buildings and infrastructure.1 Construction and demolition waste are the largest waste stream by volume and weight in the European Union making up about a third of all waste produced2 – other continents follow the same trend or are doomed to follow it in the near future. The construction industry contributes to both natural resource depletion and the degradation of ecosystem services.3 By 2050, 70% of the world’s population will live in urban areas4: growth and densification of cities will accelerate the obsolescence of buildings, leading to their premature partial or full demolition. The structural designers’ toolset to tackle this multifaceted environmental challenge traditionally consists in (1) avoiding waste and new production by re-assessing and/or improving existing structures; (2) reducing newlyproduced material volumes by optimizing structural layouts and sizing; and (3) substituting classical materials with low-carbon alternatives – e.g. bio-based or recycled materials. While these three strategies are necessary, they are not satisfactory. The current special issue explores the potential of a fourth strategy, consisting in designing new structures, and in particular space structures, made of reused components. Contrary to recycling, the aim of component reuse is to avoid reprocessing material and to make the most of the geometrical features and mechanical capabilities of given products, while extending their lifespan. In other words, component reuse aims at designing structures that upcycle waste generated elsewhere. From sorting out the inherent variability of a reusable set of components, to dealing with the incomplete description of their predefined capabilities, the change of paradigm triggers a series of new design tasks that are yet to be supported by appropriate algorithms and computational tools. More importantly, a whole new world of design opportunities opens up. The papers in this special issue address these challenges and opportunities frontally. The first one explores the reuse of steel or timber bar members in spatial truss layouts. It is authored by J. Brütting from EPFL, and P.O. Ohlbrock, P. D’Acunto, and J. Hofer from ETHZ. The second one studies the reuse of non-standardized metal sheets for corrugated shell structures. It is authored by S.M. Moussavi, H. Svatoš-Ražnjević, A. Körner, Y. Tahouni, A. Menges, and J. Knippers from the University of Stuttgart. The third one deals with the reuse of small timber pieces for reciprocal floor systems. It is authored by D. Parigi and L. Damkilde from Aalborg University. The fourth one addresses the reuse of thin strips with rectangular sections – e.g. skis – in elastic geodesic gridshells. It is authored by C. Haskell, N. Montagne, C. Douthe, O. Baverel from ParisTech, an","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"251 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of joint eccentricity on the foldability of four deployable structure systems","authors":"Adolfo Pérez-Egea, Pedro García Martínez, Martino Peña Fernández-Serrano, P. M. Jiménez Vicario, M. A. Ródenas-López","doi":"10.1177/09560599211048441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211048441","url":null,"abstract":"The study of deployable structures has been carried out traditionally by simplifying their constituent elements—joints and rods—to ideal entities. However, in this paper the dimensional thickness of these elements is taken into account, in order to evaluate their incidence on the foldability of four deployable structure systems. We have examined the eccentricity that occurs specifically at the joints themselves. Our study ultimately characterizes the incidence of this factor by defining noteworthy parameters common to both tube bundle and scissor systems, enabling us to establish a comparison and draw relevant conclusions.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"37 1","pages":"3 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47696165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of novel modules for deployable tension-strut structures","authors":"Abdelrahman Taha, A. Akl","doi":"10.1177/09560599211041491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211041491","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing need for new alternatives of long-span roof structures with high level of transformability and structural robustness. This led to the development of deployable cable-strut structures, which are composed of a continuous net of struts and another continuous net of cables. Subsequently, a special type of these systems was pioneered and given the term deployable tension-strut structures (DTSSs). The motivation beyond this new concept was the lack of structural efficiency and form flexibility of conventional space trusses that are usually employed for covering large spaces. Typically, DTSSs are roof structures consisting of multiple modules put together to form the roof system. This paper is mainly concerned with developing new robust modules for DTSSs. The technique that was adopted for this purpose is a form-creation methodology previously introduced in the literature. A few modules were already developed based on this shape grammar. However, its potential to develop multiple efficient modules has not been sufficiently investigated. In this current work, the afore-mentioned algorithm was utilized to form 16 new modules. A comparative study based on a nonlinear finite element technique was conducted to investigate the efficiency of the novel modules as compared to that of the previously proposed in the literature. The results show that some of the new proposed modules are far more efficient than those presented in previous researches. Based on this comparative study, the most two efficient modules among the novel ones were picked for further study. Parametric studies were conducted on these two systems under gravity loads and wind loads considering the following parameters: no. of modules, span/depth ratio, and cables’ pre-stress level. For each parameter, the optimal range of values were determined to be used as a guide for the design of such systems.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"197 - 216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65198079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design rules for timber log reciprocal floors, based on mass optimization under stiffness constraint","authors":"P. Latteur, J. Geno, M. VanDamme","doi":"10.1177/09560599211041699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211041699","url":null,"abstract":"Building with raw timber allows to reduce the price of construction and to make it more competitive with respect to concrete or steel construction. For a few years now, the combination of parametric design and robotic tools make possible the fast and precise milling of timber logs for their accurate connection. However, the spans are quickly limited by the logs length. In this context, reciprocal structures are relevant, since they allow to build large spans structures with short beams. Finally, the architectural interest of reciprocal structures is not to prove. However, the choice of the most efficient reciprocal frame, as well as its structural relevance in terms of mass and stiffness is, most of the time, ruled by subjective considerations. This paper focuses on rectangular floors composed of reciprocal moduli and has three objectives: (1) to develop a general mass and stiffness optimization method for reciprocal floors, which is not only necessary to limit the price, but also to reduce their thickness, (2) to define design rules for reciprocal floors, in particular for the choice of the best engagement ratio, and (3) to compare the structural efficiency of reciprocal floors with the one of “traditional” floors with parallel logs. Coming from a dimensionless transformation of the equilibrium equations, the results of this article will thus give the designers keys to better design reciprocal structures, evaluate their structural performances and relevance, and justify their choices.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"217 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49296040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shape and force control of cable structures with minimal actuators and actuation","authors":"N. Saeed, Ahmed A. Manguri, A. M. Adabar","doi":"10.1177/09560599211045851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211045851","url":null,"abstract":"Shape adjustment and stress control can be considered as one of the effective parameters in prestressed cable structures since such structures are widely constructed nowadays due to their characteristics. The assembly errors and applied loads hugely affect the cables’ nodal positions and stress due to their delicacy. The former could disturb the shape, which affects the appearance and the function of the structure. In contrast, the latter may increase the stress in some cables above the upper limit or induce slack in some others. Accordingly, a technique has been proposed that combined fmincon optimization that relies on four different algorithms with a controlling approach based on the force method. The presented method aims to minimize the total amount of actuation and miniaturize the number of actuators. The targets of previously confirmed techniques can be obtained with less actuation and fewer actuators by using the current technique. Based on the verified examples, the advantage of the current approach over the quoted methods is up to 55% and 37% in terms of the number of actuators and the total amount of actuation, respectively.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":" 46","pages":"241 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41254871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realization of historical Persian ornamental and geometric patterns as architectural components in innovative reciprocal frame barrel vaults","authors":"M. Asefi, Mahnaz Bahremandi Tolou","doi":"10.1177/09560599211035708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211035708","url":null,"abstract":"Barrel vaults are one of the most widely used forms in Persian architecture. While they are mainly built with heavy and compressive materials such as brick, today’s advances in construction techniques has led the architectural industry to utilize lightweight structural systems including reciprocal frame structures (RF). The purpose of this paper is to generate a barrel vault form using RFs through a revival of historical Persian ornamental and geometric patterns known as girih. This research was carried out in three phases. After extracting the essential criteria necessary to produce reciprocal configuration, four geometric girih that were compatible with those criteria were selected. The selected patterns were then modified to localize their reciprocal configurations following the Persian ornamental and geometric patterns. A structural analysis was performed using the Karamba Plugin in order to make a structural comparison between a barrel vault constructed with RFs and one made with bricks. The results showed that the use of RFs can significantly reduce the structural weight while using a minimum of material in covering the specified span. In addition, it was concluded that the vault with Hasht-e-moraba and Chahar-lenge ghenas patterns behaved in a more optimal way for the transmission of axial forces with less displacement and deformation.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"180 - 196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47813965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BIM based decision-support tool for automating design to fabrication process of freeform lattice space structure","authors":"Saeid Haghir, Ramtin Haghnazar, Sara Saghafi Moghaddam, Dan Keramat, M. Matini, Katayoon Taghizade","doi":"10.1177/09560599211033867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09560599211033867","url":null,"abstract":"Complex freeform surfaces and structures are increasingly designed and used in the product and building industry due to the advances in mathematics and digital design tools. However, there is still a gap between designing freeform surfaces and fabricating them. The process of preparing freeform surfaces’ shop drawings is complicated, time-consuming, and lacks the mutual understanding among the stakeholders. Computational design and Building Information Modeling (BIM) can serve as a mediator agent for the integration of design goals with the geometric logic of constructability. They can also facilitate creating platforms for designing and evaluating freeform structures. This open-ended qualitative research attempts to develop a systematic methodology for automating the design and construction drafting process of freeform lattice space structure. Solving this complex geometric problem aims to benefit the design for construction and manufacturers and shrink the cost and time of the process. The study employs a 3D computer-aided design (CAD) tool and introduces an algorithm that generates a BIM model. The BIM model contains shop drawings and suggests the specifications of the main elements, such as beams, glass panels, and nodes.","PeriodicalId":34964,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Space Structures","volume":"36 1","pages":"164 - 179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/09560599211033867","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65198068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}