Edinburgh Architecture Research最新文献

{"title":"Digital Imperfection","authors":"Federico Garrido, Joy Samuel, Rodrigo Brum, Christian Schmitt","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.6653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.6653","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Imperfection was a temporary installation at the German University in Cairo (GUC) that combined the use of mixed-reality tools and earth as a sustainable and multifaceted material. The project involved two separate processes that came together during the final montage procedure: on the one hand, the design of handmade earth bricks, and on the other, the design of a parametric wall and the coding of the montage procedure on the mixed-reality platform. \u0000The project aimed to reconnect both students and a wider audience with a traditional craft through the use of modern digital tools. Hand-crafted bricks were stacked to create a wall with the help of a HoloLens device, which overlaid a digital four-dimensional model over the physical world. Despite the mediation of digital apparatus, the aim was to engage participants in a comprehensive workflow that involved aspects of both handmade production and interactive assembly, rather than promoting a mere robotic process. During the research phase, we investigated the relationship between high-tech and low-tech tools through the following questions: \u0000• How can we incorporate digital technology without losing human interaction? \u0000• How can we measure and account for manufacturing imperfections? \u0000• How can we minimise those imperfections within the design and its montage? \u0000• What benefits and opportunities are offered by the combination of low- and high-tech techniques?  \u0000The process accounted for various imperfections and height irregularities (resulting, for example, from differences in mortar thickness or manufacturing), sustaining a constant loop with real-time feedback: the physical model was updated with new bricks while the digital model was updated with height corrections. \u0000The research offers multiple benefits. Firstly, it introduces students (and a broader academic public) to the use of sustainable materials in combination with parametric design. Secondly, it produces a digitally-designed installation (of relative complexity) without the need for printed documentation. Finally, it demonstrates a resource-saving method in which both building procedure and instructions are entirely virtual, eliminating the need for framework or printed plans. \u0000Digital Imperfection puts humans at the centre of the digital assembly process; humans are not replaced by robots or algorithms but instead collaborate with them in ways that maximise the advantages they offer. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134231159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Aesthetic Perceptions of Public Buildings’ Façades by Design Professionals","authors":"Reuben Peters Omale","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.7802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.7802","url":null,"abstract":"Visual assessments are very relevant in the study of architecture since this is a profession that relies immensely on the visual sense of humans. This study contributes to the understanding of visual perceptions, as well as to the wider field of environment and behaviour studies. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetic perceptions of public buildings among design professionals with a view towards understanding the mindsets of different design professions towards façade designs. The study considered three types of design professionals: architects, engineers and industrial designers/artists. Two hundred questionnaires were analysed using a mixed methods approach. The variables used in analysing the façades of public buildings were roof design, façade colour, entrance design, fenestration arrangements and innovation in building form. Twelve images of public office buildings in Alagbaka in Akure, Nigeria, were selected for study using random selection and cluster classification methods. A photo-interviewing analysis method was adopted for analysing visual images of the buildings: first-hand visual data were obtained from the study site using digital photographs of each building, and questionnaires were then administered to respondents regarding the images. Data were measured using five-point semantic differential scales, and relevant information obtained through this method was analysed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages. Also, inferential statistics using the Kruskal Wallis test was used to determine whether there existed significant differences within the groups of design professionals. Findings from the quantitative analysis showed that there were no significant differences among the groups, although qualitative interview sessions did reveal that while architects and industrial designers/artists exhibit similarities in aesthetic perceptions of public buildings’ façade designs, the perceptions of engineers differ slightly. While these results need to be treated, interpreted and considered with care, design professionals can learn from these subtle differences in the results. The views of each design profession are important during a design process as the final outcome of the design is greatly dependent on the collective contributions of individual professions due to their peculiarity.","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134251064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commoning Landscapes from Home","authors":"Andrew Edward Gordon Marks","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.6659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.6659","url":null,"abstract":"The coronavirus pandemic has limited the ability to undertake in situ ethnographic fieldwork. Digital methods have instead proven popular with researchers gathering qualitative data over the course of the pandemic. Digital methods nevertheless present challenges for studies that have traditionally relied upon experiencing landscapes in situ.  \u0000This paper traces some of the epistemological, methodological, and ethical shifts that have taken place within my PhD project as a result of the global pandemic. Within my project, I am investigating how contemporary queer communities have established and maintained inclusive and sustainable commons landscapes. Originally, I had envisaged using in situ ethnographic methods to research experiences of commoning landscapes amongst case study queer communities; however, I have instead embraced a queerly scavenged combination of oral history interviewing, autoethnographic methods, and digital community archiving to meet my original research aims.  \u0000Within this paper, I highlight how commoning can shift from a research focus to an ethical and methodological approach at times of community precarity. In doing so, I question the resilience of an in situ/remote binary when researching commoning landscapes. I argue that my new research positioning has enabled this research project to lie more clearly within the theoretical tenets of queer and feminist commoning—particularly in destabilising dualistic patterns of thinking. I contend that digital methods can support commoning landscapes; however, I also raise some of the challenges of using digital methods in the context of researching more–than–human landscape ecologies.  \u0000This paper adds to the emerging literature that extends feminist new materialisms and queer ecologies towards commons and landscape studies. I ultimately advocate for researchers to not only consider methodological feasibility when in times of crisis, but to reconsider what role the research(er) has in future world–making.","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128962255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing Futures with Pasts","authors":"Christoph Tochtrop, Dustin Jessen","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.6648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.6648","url":null,"abstract":"The impending climate catastrophe gives rise to an increased environmental awareness among many designers, who direct their work towards the paradigm of sustainability. While designing with an ‘ecological lens’ is necessarily oriented towards the future, we highlight the past as an inspiring realm to explore. Rather than recycling materials, we encourage the recycling of ideas as a combination of historiographic and speculative design methods.  \u0000We will present a framework that extends the idea of design as a ‘projecting’ activity into the idea of design as a constant negotiation process about the relevance and appropriateness of current and past technologies. Design revolves not just about what will be, but to a large extent about what should remain and what should recur, or as Jan Michl put it: “seeing design as redesign” (Michl 2002).We will illustrate the thought of designing futures with pasts by means of a research project that aims at developing a refrigerator for circular economy. The refrigerator – as the currently dominant technology to preserve food – will serve as a starting point to show how artefacts and architecture as well as human skills and knowledge in the preparation and preservation of food are historically interlinked. The history of food preservation unfolds not only along the evolution of the refrigerator, but encompasses household techniques like smoking, curing and fermenting, as well as long-forgotten architectural ‘answers’ such as deep-freeze community buildings. We will revisit three historical examples of food preservation and present the method ‘throwing’ past ideas into the future.  \u0000Three main arguments are presented in this richly illustrated paper: First, that historiography is a form of designing, second, that designing is constituted and influenced by path dependencies (cf. David 1985) that are deeply rooted in the past and third, that the past is a valuable source of inspiration when designing for sustainable development. Looking at history becomes a way of “mental window shopping” (Simon 1985, 188) for approaches that are to be reactivated and transformed.","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132927400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Space for Shared Futures","authors":"Shawn Bodden, J. Elliott","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.6657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.6657","url":null,"abstract":"Reflecting on the challenges and experiences of delivering a public co-design project during the Covid-19 pandemic, we use this paper to make an argument for greater experimentation with and attention to the evaluation methods used to assess and justify co-design projects. Evaluation is often treated as a final, retrospective, and—too often—last-minute step in delivering a design project. In reality,  practices of evaluation characterise every step of participatory design. Formal evaluation processes often dismiss the practical techniques and criteria that participants use to decide whether a design is good for them or their community, however, relying instead on narrowly-defined methods and criteria established a priori by professional ‘experts’. The tensions that arise between participants’ lived practices of evaluation and formal accounts of evaluation can lead to differences of opinion and diverging decisions—and concerns about ‘inauthentic’ or ‘shallow’ co-design. Finding techniques to carry forward participants’ everyday evaluations into the formal methods and evaluations of project reports should therefore be treated as a crucial concern for participatory design. In this vein, we reflect on both the methodological experiments and challenges involved in our effort to find better possible, agreeable and shareable futures in our co-design project “Future of the High Street” by examining the spaces of evaluation created within co-design projects in order to spark further debate about the possibilities of co-evaluating the projects and spaces we share with others. Drawing on ethnomethodology, a sociological school of thought focused on the study of the everyday and mundane methods used by people to organise, make sense of and act in their social world, we argue that such spaces of evaluation are sites where designers and participants create and negotiate shared grammars of accountability and justification of their work together. Recording and sharing these exchanges is one way to better align the formal evaluation of co-design with the situated and shared evaluations through which participants decide whether and how participation in a project is worthwhile or empowering. This, however, requires a shift from treating ‘methods’ as means-to-an-end and toward an understanding of methods as experimental practices that designers and participants alike might use to occasion reflection on how to think, act and design together. ","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126843811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contextualising Appraisal and the Destruction of the Soviet Design Institute’s Archives","authors":"Ksenia Litvinenko","doi":"10.2218/ear.2022.7258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2218/ear.2022.7258","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, historians and theorists of architecture have started questioning the neutrality of traditional archival research methods by uncovering the operations of power and authority inherent to the creation, appraisal, accessioning, or erasure of historical documents and the institutionalisation of official and unofficial archives. Most of this research is based on analyses of archiving in Euro-American and (post-) colonial contexts; consequently, there is limited understanding of the politics and practices of archiving architecture in both former and current state-socialist countries. The paper addresses this lacuna by exploring different ways of archiving a single design practice, the Giproteatr Institute, one of the central organisations behind the construction of buildings for culture and the performing arts in the Soviet Union and beyond. By reconstructing the changing material and economic conditions of architectural labour in the late Soviet and immediate post-Soviet periods, precedents of authorised and unauthorised destruction of architectural documents, archival regulations, and appraisal procedures, the paper demonstrates that Giproteatr Institute’s archives are in themselves historical and carry different definitions of archival value and of the architectural profession. Therefore, the paper further problematises the notion of ‘evidence’ in architectural history and advocates for strengthening the focus on analysis of material processes of archiving. ","PeriodicalId":349624,"journal":{"name":"Edinburgh Architecture Research","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125315512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}