Indian Journal of Labour Economics最新文献

{"title":"Changes in Labour Force and Employment: Evidence from PLFS Data","authors":"Ramesh Chand","doi":"10.1007/s41027-023-00457-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-023-00457-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135579392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Co-residence and Women’s Employment in Urban India","authors":"Tista Mukherjee, Ishita Mukhopadhyay, Sukanta Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1007/s41027-023-00456-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-023-00456-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134912595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants and Effects of International Remittances: Evidence from Ratnagiri District of Rural Maharashtra.","authors":"Bhupesh Gopal Chintamani,&nbsp;Lalitagauri Kulkarni","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00426-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41027-022-00426-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>International emigration and remittance inflow is not a novel phenomenon for India. The present study examines the factors influencing emigration and size of remittance inflow. It also examines the effect of remittances on the economic wellbeing in terms of expenditure of the recipient households. In India, the remittance inflows are important source of funding for the recipient households in rural India. However, the studies focusing on the impact of international remittances on rural household wellbeing in India are rarely found in the literature. The study is based on the primary data collected from the villages in Ratnagiri District, Maharashtra, India. It uses logit and probit models to analyse the data. The results show a positive association between inward remittances and economic welfare and subsistence of the recipient households. Findings of the study show a strong negative relationship between the education of the household members and emigration.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9998000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9770421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legal Conflicts and Gaps in the Context of Labor Legislation of Ukraine.","authors":"Lesya Ju Maliuha, Valeriy O Zhuravel, Sofiia O Shabanova, Viktoriia I Hnidenko, Volodymyr P Pikul","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00410-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41027-022-00410-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the conditions of the democratization of the Ukrainian state, the reform of labor legislation is an objective necessity, about which there are many discussions. The current labor legislation was developed during the existence of strict legal regulation of labor relations, when state property was their economic basis. The relevance of the chosen research topic lies in the fact that the current legislation regulating labor relations is outdated and unbalanced, has problems, shortcomings, conflicts and gaps, and is simply not suitable for regulating this area in a market economy. The present study used a set of general and special methods of scientific knowledge. The purpose of this study is to establish the nature of problems, shortcomings and gaps in the legal regulation of labor relations in Ukraine, identify some of them and find ways to solve them, and formulate proposals to improve existing labor legislation in our country.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9810245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10512841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Employment Growth and Industrial Policy: The Challenge for Indian States.","authors":"Jayan Jose Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00423-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00423-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nature of and the future potential for economic growth will vary across Indian States because of their differences in the rates of demographic transitions. The growing population of the young in some of the States in the east and north of the country, notably Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, opens up a huge economic opportunity. It is also a serious policy challenge-to create new opportunities that meet the rising expectations of the job aspirants. At the same time, for States such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu, which have an ageing population, there are limits to future growth based on labour-intensive sectors. Across Indian States, during the period between 2005 and 2018, labour absorption into industry, construction and services lagged way behind the increase in the potential supply of workers into these sectors. The mismatch between labour demand and potential labour supply widened after 2012, leading to an increase in unemployment rates and a large-scale withdrawal of women from the labour market. For reviving employment growth, India requires a mix of social, employment and industrial policies. The States should have greater financial and functional autonomy to implement these policies in a way that suit their specific stages of development.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9848021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9381268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Private Investment in Education and Linkage to Future Employment in India: Will the Pandemic Take its Toll?","authors":"Jeemol Unni","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00421-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00421-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pandemic and online learning have added to barriers to education. Lack of digital access, difficulty in communication with teachers and lack of peer support create major hurdles in learning for a large proportion of the student population. New entry barriers to better jobs, level and quality of higher education, will add to existing social barriers of gender, caste and nepotism. This will perpetuate a vicious cycle of low education and low incomes. In this paper, we investigate whether there is a threshold of level of education for better jobs in India? We find that higher secondary education is a threshold required for entry into good jobs. We observe increasing returns to private investments in higher levels of education and higher returns to education in the formal sector jobs compared to the informal sector. Will deficits in education during the pandemic reduce investments in education? We study these issues mainly using secondary data from the National Sample Office (NSO). The purpose of this short paper is to build research hypotheses regarding the relation between investment in education and employment, which we highlight in the conclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862213/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9366046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creation and Destruction of Jobs in Urban Labour Market: Role of Gender, Caste and Religion in India.","authors":"Panchanan Das","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00425-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00425-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyses labour market transitions from job to jobless or jobless to job by using Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) of India in urban labour market by applying first-order Markov process in constructing transition matrices and panel logit regression model using personal level information from the PLFS in India for 2019-20. While education is assumed to be the most important factor influencing the process of transitions in the labour market, the circumstance variables like gender, caste and religion are expected to have significant effects on it in a country like India. The empirical results show a significant difference in labour market transitions between men and women. The movement of workers between job status was very low and the major part of the transition occurred in the form of job losses for each type of workers both among men and women and also among all working age group and young age group.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9907878/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9359756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour Market Dynamics and Worker Flows in India: Impact of Covid-19.","authors":"Partha Chatterjee,&nbsp;Aakash Dev","doi":"10.1007/s41027-022-00420-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00420-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tracking and analyzing the labour market dynamics at regular, frequent intervals is critical. However, this was not possible for India, a large emerging economy with a significant population undergoing demographic transition, due to a paucity of data. We use the new dataset Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy (CMIE)-Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS) and use a panel to create Labour Flow Charts and Transition Matrices for India from January 2019 to December 2021. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time these were created for India. We then use that to look at the impact of Covid-19 on the Indian labour market. We not only look at transitions between employment, unemployment and out of labour force, but also across types of employment-full-time and part-time. The rich data also allows us to consider heterogeneity in the labour market and look at the differential impact of the pandemic across different education groups and gender. From the labour flow charts and transition probabilities, we find that while all groups have been impacted, the magnitude of the impact is different across groups. The recovery is also uneven, and the extent depends on education levels. Further, we do an event study analysis to examine the likelihood of getting a full-time job across different educational and gender groups. Men, on average, enjoy a higher likelihood of getting a full-time job than women. The likelihood coefficients also go up with increasing educational qualifications. Looking at skill heterogeneity, while the likelihood of getting a full-time job either goes down for most groups during the pandemic or the change is minuscule, strikingly it goes up for those with no education, for both men and women. The likelihood coefficients remain elevated for men even after the restrictions are removed, and that for women reverts to the level seen before the pandemic. Finally, this paper provides a way to continuously monitor the dynamics of the labour market as data is released in the regular intervals in the future, which would be of great value for researchers and policymakers alike.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9862225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9374479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour Incomes in India: A Comparison of Two National Household Surveys.","authors":"Mrinalini Jha, Amit Basole","doi":"10.1007/s41027-023-00427-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s41027-023-00427-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic created a need for high-frequency employment and income data. Policy-makers and researchers of developing countries typically have not had access to such data. In India, a new private high-frequency panel dataset has recently emerged as the dataset of choice for analysis of the economic impact of COVID-19. This is the Consumer Pyramids Household Survey (CPHS) conducted by the Centre for Monitoring the Indian Economy (CMIE). But the CPHS has also been criticised for being inadequately representative nationally by missing poor and vulnerable households in its sample. We examine the comparability of monthly labour income estimates for the pre-pandemic year (2018-19) for CPHS and the official Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). Across different methods and assumptions, as well as rural/urban locations, CPHS mean monthly labour earnings are anywhere between 5 percent and 50 percent higher than corresponding PLFS estimates. In addition to the sampling concerns raised in the literature, we point to differences in the way employment and income are captured in the two surveys as possible causes of these differences. While CPHS estimates are always higher, it should also be emphasised that the two surveys agree on some stylised facts regarding the Indian workforce. An individual earning ₹50,000 per month lies in the top 5 percent of the income distribution in India as per both surveys. Second, both PLFS and CPHS show that half the Indian workforce earns below the recommended National Minimum Wage.</p><p><strong>Supplementary information: </strong>The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41027-023-00427-8.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9961298/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9386551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Employment and Earning in Urban India during the First Three Months of Pandemic Period: An Analysis with Unit-Level Data of Periodic Labour Force Survey.","authors":"Anindita Sengupta","doi":"10.1007/s41027-023-00428-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-023-00428-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urbanisation has accelerated the pace of development throughout the world. Big cities provide employment and livelihood for workers because of which workers have always migrated from rural areas to cities. However, in India, most of the migrant workers are absorbed in the low-paid and low-skilled jobs in the widespread informal sector. With the outbreak of COVID-19, lockdown was declared suddenly without any notice in India during the last week of March 2019 and most of the urban informal sector workers suddenly lost their jobs, and since they had no protection, they were pushed into poverty. Detailed analysis of such losses is of utmost importance so that perfectly appropriate remedial measures can be taken by the government. Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) report of 2019-20 has analysed the situation of labour market in India for four quarters from July 2019 to June 2020. Therefore, the last quarter of the data will give us the valuable information about the urban labour market during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic period. This study analyses the possible reasons behind decline in monthly earnings and labour market participation of urban people in India during the period of outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, i.e. during the period from April 2020 to June 2020, using the data of fourth quarter from each of the PLFSs of 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 since they have identical seasonal conditions. We have used cross-tabulation method to find out employment and unemployment rates of people in urban areas according to gender and type of employment for the period, from July to June, for the years 2018, 2019 and 2020. We have also tried to find the reasons behind the decline in income of workers during the first three months of the pandemic period, i.e. during the fourth quarter of 2019-20, compared to the fourth quarter of 2017-18 and that of 2018-19 using the Mincerian wage equation. Our empirical results have shown that urban workers in India have lost jobs and suffered from significant decline in income during the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic period in almost all types of employment.</p>","PeriodicalId":34915,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Labour Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9888336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9372458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}