Journal of Chromatography B最新文献

{"title":"Biotransformation and its effects on anxiolytic activity and toxicity of Polygalae Radix saponins","authors":"Yuhan Sun ,&nbsp;Yihong Li ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Xie ,&nbsp;Yulu Liang ,&nbsp;Hongqian Kui ,&nbsp;Huang Jianmei","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124842","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124842","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saponins, accounting for over 2.0% (<em>w</em>/w) in <em>Polygalae Radix</em> extracts, act as both active and toxic constituents, with their glycosyl structures hypothesized to modulate efficacy and toxicity. This study aimed to modify the glycosyl structures of Polygalae Radix (PR) saponins via snail enzyme biotransformation and evaluate changes in the activity of inhibiting anxiety-like behavior in the EPM and gastrointestinal toxicity. The biotransformation process was optimized using one-way experiments and response surface methodology, identifying optimal conditions as 46 °C, pH 6.4, 72-h reaction time, and an enzyme-substrate ratio of 25:1. UPLC-Q-Exactive/MS analysis revealed 37 differential saponin-like components with truncated glycosyl chains. In the elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, both untransformed and transformed PR saponins exhibited a significant effect of inhibiting anxiety-like behavior in the EPM, with transformed products showing enhanced activity. Gastrointestinal toxicity assessments, including weight monitoring and gastric tissue morphology observation, demonstrated reduced flatulence and weight loss in mice administered transformed saponins. These results confirm that glycosyl chain degradation in PR saponins reduces gastrointestinal toxicity while preserving the efficacy of inhibiting anxiety-like behavior in the EPM, providing a scientific basis for improving the safety and clinical application of PR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1268 ","pages":"Article 124842"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145461172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source and fate of ultra-short-chain PFAS in water and biota from an AFFF impacted site","authors":"Magnus Sture ,&nbsp;Stig Valdersnes ,&nbsp;Stepan Boitsov ,&nbsp;Bjørn Einar Grøsvik ,&nbsp;Aasim Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124848","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124848","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study adopted and validated a quantitative LC-MS/MS method for the rapid detection of five ultra-short-chain (USC) and three short chain (SC) <em>per</em>- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in diverse environmental matrices. The method was applied to soil from an active fire training site, as well as to freshwater and seawater, at and near Bergen airport, Norway, and was further validated for blue mussels. The total oxidizable precursor assay, applied to soil and aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), provided evidence that AFFF-derived precursors in foam and contaminated soil degrade to USC PFAS, indicating the AFFF as continuing secondary source.</div><div>USC PFAS concentrations in freshwater ranged from 13 to 725 ng/L, with the highest levels detected at the fire training site. Seawater near the airport contained 10.4–14.9 ng/L, with concentration decreasing offshore. Depth profiling showed USC PFAS to be surface-associated. USC PFAS were also detected in mussels for the first time, both from urban and remote areas, indicating potential for bioaccumulation.</div><div>This study addresses an important methodological gap by validating and applying a reliable analytical approach for monitoring USC PFAS in complex matrices, thereby supporting advancements in environmental monitoring and regulation. The results reveal AFFF impacted sites as major point sources of USC-/SC-PFAS and highlight their high mobility, persistence, and potential bioaccumulation in mussels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1268 ","pages":"Article 124848"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation and sample bioanalysis of protoporphyrin IX in rat plasma by the surrogate matrix approach","authors":"Aliz Széles ,&nbsp;Károly Schöll ,&nbsp;Gábor Hirka ,&nbsp;Katalin Monostory ,&nbsp;Tibor Renkecz","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124799","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124799","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) plays a pivotal role in the heme biosynthesis pathway and serves as both a valuable biomarker in clinical diagnostics and a photosensitizer in photodynamic applications. Despite its physiological importance, accurate quantification of endogenous PPIX in biological matrices remains challenging due to the lack of an analyte-free authentic control matrix and inherent baseline variability. This study describes the development and validation of a high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for PPIX quantification in rat plasma, applying a surrogate matrix strategy in full compliance with the International Council for Harmonisation M10 guideline.</div><div>Endogenous PPIX was removed from rat plasma by visible light-induced analyte stripping, enabling the in-house preparation of a surrogate matrix, for accurate calibration sample generation. The method showed appropriate selectivity, excellent linearity over the range of 10 and 700 ng/mL (<em>r</em> ≥ 0.995), satisfactory precision and accuracy across all validation levels. The lower limit of quantification was established at 10 ng/mL. The stability of both the analyte and internal standard was confirmed under various conditions, including 3 freeze–thaw cycles, short- and long-term storage, and autosampler residence. The method was successfully applied in an <em>in vivo</em> study in which male rats were treated with aminolevulinic acid to induce PPIX formation, thereby confirming its suitability for study sample analysis.</div><div>This fluorescence-based HPLC method offers a practical and cost-effective solution for monitoring PPIX in plasma samples. The bioanalytical method validation using a surrogate matrix approach for endogenous PPIX quantification fully aligned with current international regulatory standards may set a precedent for future method development in this field.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a bispecific antibody-homodimer separation process by cation exchange chromatography based on mechanistic modelling","authors":"Zichen Wang ,&nbsp;Guohong Qin ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Liang,&nbsp;Qingquan He,&nbsp;Qian Li,&nbsp;Hongyang Zhao,&nbsp;Guozhu Li,&nbsp;Dan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124801","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124801","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the recombinant production of IgG-like bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), homodimer formation, which stems from unbalanced chain expression and incorrect chain pairing, presents a major purification challenge. Despite its utility in addressing such charge-based separations, the development of cation exchange chromatography processes remains inherently complex due to the interplay of multiple parameters (e.g., salt concentration, loading conditions) that govern protein-resin interactions. For the separation of bsAb and homodimer, a mechanistic model of cation exchange chromatography was employed to predict the elution behavior, thereby facilitating the optimization of process conditions. The calibration processes and validation results of the extended Langmuir and steric mass action (SMA) two adsorption models were compared. The latter was selected for process optimization due to its streamlined calibration workflow, enabling efficient prediction of elution behavior. The optimal eluent concentration was determined to be 120 mM NaCl. Under this condition, the target bsAb yield reached 96.4 %, and homodimer 1 content was reduced from 26.4 % to 0.5 %. Deviations between the predicted and experimental results for both yield and impurity content were confined within 1.5 %, demonstrating the high accuracy and reliability of the established chromatographic mechanistic model for guiding process optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145153207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrimination of isomeric dihydroflavone and chalcone by the boosting optimal collision energy-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: A case study of pharmacokinetics in honey-fried licorice","authors":"Yueting Li ,&nbsp;Yan Cao ,&nbsp;Tengteng Wang ,&nbsp;Shengnan Cai ,&nbsp;Yun Qiao ,&nbsp;Chao Cheng ,&nbsp;Jiale Gao ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Hongbin Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of isomeric dihydroflavone and chalcone, two important subfamilies of flavonoid class, extensively happens in herbal medicines. However, identical MS/MS spectra make the identity confirmation a tough job, the complexity will be further boosted in biological samples. Inspired by that isomers possess distinct inherent physicochemical parameters, optimal collision energy (OCE), which is positively correlated with the bond dissociation energies (BDEs), was evaluated towards differentiating isomeric dihydroflavone and chalcone. It was achieved by plotting their relative response-collision energy curves (RRCECs) and comparing the unique OCEs obtained. As a result, difference were observed for either OCE of bond dissociations involving Retro Diels-Alder (RDA) reaction as well as glycosidic cleavage when comparing two pairs of isomers, which were liquiritin <em>vs.</em> isoliquiritin and liquiritigenin <em>vs.</em> isoliquiritigenin, because the energies required for bond dissociation to produce identical fragment ions varies among isomers. Furthermore, OCEs consistently ranked dihydroflavone higher than chalcone, aligning with their BDEs determined through quantum calculation. These results suggested great potential for OCEs in distinguishing between dihydroflavone and chalcone. By applying the discriminating criterion, successful identity recognition was achieved for the two pairs of isomers among the many signals sharing identical MRM transitions in honey-fried licorice treated plasma. Thereafter, the confidence-enhanced OCE-LC-MS/MS method was applied to characterize and determine these 4 isomers along with 3 components of honey-fried licorice in rat plasma, the definite determination as well as the pharmacokinetic courses were subsequently accomplished and discussed. Overall, this study boosted the application of OCE-LC-MS/MS in isomers discrimination of isomeric dihydroflavone and chalcone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention time prediction of forensic compounds using ensemble machine learning and molecular descriptors","authors":"Asena Avci Akca Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Sefa Akca Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Retention time (RT) prediction can greatly improve the efficiency of chromatographic workflows in forensic toxicology, especially in high-throughput or non-targeted analytical workflows. In the present study, we compare the performance of four ensemble machine learning models—Random Forest (RF), Extra Trees, XGBoost, and LightGBM—in predicting RTs of 229 structurally diverse forensic compounds. Each compound was represented by a minimal set of RDKit-derived descriptors and an extended feature space that combines Mordred descriptors and Morgan circular fingerprints. All RTs were experimentally measured under standardized reversed-phase liquid chromatographic conditions. Model performance was evaluated using coefficient of determination (R²) and root-mean-square error (RMSE). Results show that models trained on extended descriptors (&gt;2000 molecular features) outperformed those trained on basic descriptors, with XGBoost showing the highest predictive power (R² = 0.718, RMSE = 1.23). Feature importance analysis showed that RTs are not only affected by global molecular properties like hydrophobicity and size but also by topological and electronic features. These results highlight the value of ensemble learning in RT prediction and demonstrate its practical utility in compound screening and chromatographic method development in forensic toxicology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145234244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of CD45-conjugated magnetic particles-based host cell depletion for enhanced metagenomic next-generation sequencing in bloodstream infection","authors":"Weiwei Wu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Song ,&nbsp;Qiuyue Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Wu ,&nbsp;Ning Sun ,&nbsp;Xinyi Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables unbiased detection of human pathogens without prior assumptions. However, the direct detection of bloodstream infection pathogens is limited by host DNA interference, leading to the clinical adoption of microbial cell-free DNA mNGS (plasma cfDNA mNGS). This study developed a host cell depletion method based on immunomagnetic separation using CD45-conjugated magnetic particles (CD45-MPs, termed the IP method) to reduce host DNA interference and enhance mNGS performance for bloodstream pathogen detection. In simulated samples, known concentrations of pathogens (intact <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> cells, fragmented <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> genomic DNA) were spiked into whole blood samples, serially diluted 10-fold, and divided into whole blood, plasma, and IP-treated groups. These groups were analyzed using hematological analysis, microscopic smear, DNA concentration measurement, relative quantification of GAPDH using qPCR, and mNGS. Results showed that CD45-conjugated magnetic particles effectively removed host cells from whole blood (reducing cell count by 99.9%). The results of nucleic acid measurement and qPCR indicated that the supernatant from IP-treated samples contained significantly lower host DNA compared to whole blood and plasma groups. mNGS detection of simulated samples demonstrated that the IP method enabled detection of pathogens at concentrations as low as 100 CFU/mL for <em>E. coli</em> and <em>S. aureus</em>, and 50 CFU/mL for <em>C. albicans</em>. In clinical testing of 77 samples from patients with suspected bloodstream infections, mNGS combined with the IP method showed significantly higher positivity rates than plasma cfDNA mNGS. In conclusion, CD45-conjugated magnetic particles effectively deplete human cells and enhance the clinical performance of mNGS on the detection of bloodstream infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124823"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145319093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pharmacokinetic study on punicalagin following oral and intravenous administration to the rat using UPLC-MS/MS","authors":"Zhanying Chang ,&nbsp;Guihua Liu ,&nbsp;Zixin Chen ,&nbsp;Pengxia Yao ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Punicalagin (PUN) is a high abundant ellagitannin and the principal bioactive component existing in Pomegranate (<em>Punica granatum</em> L.) peel, juice, and extract, yet its absorption, bioavailability and pharmacokinetic parameters have not been adequately investigated after oral administration <em>in vivo</em> model. Thus, this study developed a reproducible UPLC-MS/MS method (linear range: 0.125–70 μg/mL; LLOQ: 0.125 μg/mL) to characterize PUN pharmacokinetic profile in Sprague-Dawley rats. After intravenous (iv, 10 mg/kg) administration, PUN exhibited slow elimination (iv, t_1/2 = 6.45 ± 2.11 h) and plasma-restricted distribution (V_d = 0.94 ± 0.23 L/kg). By intragastric route (ig, 100–400 mg/kg), PUN showed dose-dependent absorption (T_max ≈ 2 h), critically low absolute bioavailability (3.22–5.38%) and extensive tissue distribution (V_d = 14.0–44.5 L/kg). The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to last sampling time (AUC_0-t) and AUC_0-∞ (from time zero to infinity) were 30.0–211.5, 32.0–213.8 μg*h/mL. The C_max of PUN in plasma samples was ranged from 1.91 to 34.8 μg/mL. The dose proportionality study demonstrated the C_max and AUC_0-t values were positively correlated with ig doses, with R² (95% CI) being 0.858 (0.770–0.959) for C_max and 0.904 (0.847–0.956). Overall, the comprehensively detailed pharmacokinetic parameters of pure PUN have been determined, providing valuable information for preclinical study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124837"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel isotope-coded derivatization of carboxylic acids provides accurate quantification of Azaspiracids in shellfish by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Shimba Kawasue,&nbsp;Kyoko Kuniyoshi,&nbsp;Takashi Kurohara,&nbsp;Koji Fujihara,&nbsp;Yutaka Abe,&nbsp;Naoki Sugimoto,&nbsp;Masashi Uema,&nbsp;Naomasa Oshiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124826","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124826","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The combination of isotope-coded derivatization (ICD) and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) is an excellent analytical method that could be applied to various compounds. However, the ICD reagents are expensive, which limits the use of this method for general testing including the evaluation of food safety and quality. Therefore, we synthesized reasonable ICD reagents, isopropyl piperidine carboxylic acid hydrazide (IPPAH) and isopropyl-piperidine carboxylic acid hydrazide-<em>d</em>_<em>6</em> (IPPAH-<em>d</em>_<em>6</em>) using readily available acetone‑<em>d</em>₆, which reacts with the carboxy groups in the presence of a condensing agent to give a mass difference of six. It is applicable to carboxylic acids with a wide range of molecular weights. The application of the combination of ICD and LC/MS method to the analysis of the shellfish toxin azaspiracid in shellfish showed a significant improvement in the matrix effects (93.5–99.6 %). The method quality was evaluated by analyzing the certified reference material. The established method achieved an accurate quantification (95.7–103 %) of AZAs in shellfish specimens.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124826"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng polysaccharides on qi deficiency diabetes: Insights from microbiomics and metabolomics","authors":"Yang Gao ,&nbsp;Yi Wu ,&nbsp;Meiyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Shu Liu ,&nbsp;Zhongying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124781","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jchromb.2025.124781","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Panax ginseng</em>, a traditional medicinal and edible plant valued for its tonifying properties, exhibits diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation and anti-diabetes. Polysaccharides represent a key active ingredient of <em>Panax ginseng</em>, known for their immunomodulatory properties and potential for development as health foods. However, the effect and mechanism of <em>Panax ginseng</em> polysaccharides (GP) on improving qi deficiency diabetes (QDD) is still unclear. In this study, a multi-omics approach integrating microbiomics, untargeted and targeted metabolomics was used to elucidate the protective effect and mechanisms of GP based on the QDD rat model. Furthermore, the prebiotic effects of GP were explored through microbiome and metabolome profiling. GP demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy in QDD rats, manifested by the amelioration of hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance, reduction of oxidative stress, enhancement of immune responses, and restoration of intestinal injury. Untargeted fecal metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that GP significantly altered the abundance of 31 metabolites and corrected gut microbiota dysbiosis in QDD rats. Additionally, GP ameliorated bile acid metabolism disorders, significantly increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels, and reduced branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) concentrations. Spearman correlation analysis further confirmed significant associations between gut microbes and metabolites. Thus, GP exerts its therapeutic effect on QDD by ameliorating intestinal flora imbalance and associated metabolic disorders involving bile acids, branched-chain amino acids, and short-chain fatty acids. Together, these findings provide a foundation for the further development of GP-based functional foods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":348,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography B","volume":"1267 ","pages":"Article 124781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144933188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}