Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia最新文献

{"title":"VIRAL COINFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEPATITIS B: THEIR PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE","authors":"D. V. Tserashkou, V. Mitsura, E. Voropaev, O. Osipkina","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-171-176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-171-176","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global public health problem. Objective – to analyze the prevalence of viral coinfections with human immunodefciency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis delta virus (HDV), TT-viruses and SENV in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to assess their influence on liver disease severity. Material and methods. The observational cross-sectional study included 287 patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) – those with monoinfection and coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV. Routine hematological and biochemical tests were performed, serum HBV DNA level as well as liver fbrosis stage were measured. Blood samples from 62 patients for Torque teno virus (TTV), Torque teno mini virus, Torque teno midi virus, SENV (D and H genotypes) DNAs were examined by polymerase chain reaction. Results. Among patients with CHB the prevalence of coinfection HBV + HIV is 6.6%, HBV + HCV – 6.3%, HBV + HDV – 3.8% and HBV + HDV + HCV – 1.7%. CHB patients coinfected with HIV, HCV, HDV had more pronounced biochemical differences and higher proportion of liver cirrhosis vs. HBV-monoinfected ones. The detection rate of TT viruses and their various combinations in patients with CHB is 91.9%, SENV – 66.1%. Conclusion. Coinfection with HIV, HCV, HDV in CHB patients is associated with more severe forms of chronic liver disease as compared to HBV-monoinfection. TT viruses and SENV are widespread and don’t affect the severity of liver disease in patients with CHB.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSLOCATION OF INTESTINAL MICROFLORA IN CIRRHOSIS","authors":"D. Haurylenka, N. Silivontchik","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-143-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-143-150","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Understanding of intestinal bacteria-host interaction physiology as well as bacterial translocation characteristics at the initial stages and in advanced cirrhosis emphasizes the importance of approaches minimizing the migration of microorganisms and their components from the intestinal lumen. Objective – to provide a brief review of publications highlighting the problem of bacterial intestinal translocation as the main mechanism for the development of bacterial infections and pro-inflammatory status in patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. We performed the study and analysis of English- and Russian-language articles over the past 30 years contained in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Collaboration, UpToDate. The key words were: «intestinal microflora translocation», «bacterial translocation», «translocation markers». Results. Contemporary views on changes of the intestinal barrier and those of innate and adaptive immunity systems in liver diseases are considered. Data on possibility and signifcance of detecting bacterial translocation are presented.Current methods used for gut microbiome analysis as well as some areas for future research are discussed. Conclusion. A validated marker/markers is required to study bacterial translocation in cirrhosis.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69172686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE INTRODUCTION OF THE PHOTOSENSITIZER “FOTOLON” INTO THE COMMON BILE DUCT: INFLUENCE ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS","authors":"R. Shyla","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-189-195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-189-195","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Photodynamic therapy of liver diseases involves the introduction of photosensitizers into the common bile duct. Objective – to evaluate the effect on animals of under pressure introduction of the photosensitizer “Photolon” into the common bile duct. Material and methods. The control group was injected with physiological solution under pressure, the experimental one – with “Photolon”. The vital signs of the animals, the laboratory data were studied, a histological examination of the liver and duct was carried out. Results. The blood parameters of the experimental animals and their postoperative condition were not statistically different from those of the control group (p≤0.05). The liver and common bile duct had normal histological structure. Conclusions. The under pressure introduction of the photosensitizer “Photolon” into the common bile duct causes no morphological changes in the liver tissues and common bile duct and has no toxic effect on animals.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF SEPSIS PROGRESSION","authors":"R. Yakubtsevich, A. V. Lemesh","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-155-159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-155-159","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Sepsis is a global public health problem and is associated with high mortality rates in all countries. According to recent views, sepsis is defned as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unregulated response of the host to infection. Objective. To analyze the results of scientifc studies confrming the key role of intestinal dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Material and methods. A qualitative analysis of 34 Russian-language and English-language sources concerning the role of the intestinal microbiota in the onset of sepsis was carried out. Results. It has been established that intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis and its disbalance can trigger the development of sepsis of various etiologies, mainly gram-negative. Conclusions. The analysis of the literature indicates that bacterial translocation can be natural provided that the immune system functions properly. Intestinal microbiota plays one of the leading roles in the development of sepsis. The use of probiotics and transplantation of intestinal microbiota contribute greatly to the treatment and prevention of sepsis in ICU patients.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF THE GUT-LIVER AXIS IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS PATHOGENESIS AND COMPLICATIONS","authors":"V. A. Savarina, V. Mitsura","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-151-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-151-154","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Liver cirrhosis is a severe disease that can provoke hepatocellular carcinoma. It is known that such patients have increased intestinal permeability causing the translocation of living bacteria and bacterial products through the inferior vena cava system into the liver, that leads to a cascade of immune and molecular events. Objective – to establish the role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis and outcomes of liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. We performed a PubMed search of publications over the last 10 years, using the keywords ‘intestinal permeability’, ‘cirrhosis’. Results. Increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation are of great importance in the development of liver cirrhosis. In turn, the progression of the disease further enhances the transfer of bacteria from the intestine into the inferior vena cava system. The severity of this process is proportional to the stage of cirrhosis and correlates with the prognosis of the disease. Conclusion. Increased intestinal permeability, altered gut microbiota and bacterial translocation contribute to liver damage and fbrosis up to the development of liver cirrhosis and its complications. Further research is required to determine if modulation of the gut microbiota can affect the course of liver disease.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69172769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF DRUGS BASED ON BACTERIAL LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN HEPATOLOGY","authors":"S. A. Chernyak","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-160-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-160-164","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The study of new properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (BLPS), not related to their intoxication activity, is of great interest. Objective – to describe the mechanisms of BLPS action and to assess their effcacy. Material and methods. We performed a literature review of 32 sources published during the period from 1962 to 2020. Results. It was found out that in addition to the immunomodulatory effect, BLPS are capable of exerting anti-inflammatory, antitumor, radioprotective effects and stimulating tissue regeneration as well. A wide range of BLPS therapeutic effects has been established in diseases of the hepatobiliary system, as evidenced by experimental and clinical studies. BLPS administration shortens the manifestation stage of acute hepatitis, promotes quick normalization of functional liver tests and restoration of morphological changes in the liver. Conclusion. The presence of hepatoprotective and antifbrotic properties in BLPS encourages their wider use in clinical practice of hepatologists.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69172995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AFTER STARTING THE HCV ELIMINATION PROGRAM","authors":"A. A. Dzemova, R. Ganchenko, G. Trifonova, E. Esaulenko","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-165-170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-165-170","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Five years have passed since the adoption of the strategy for the elimination of viral hepatitis. It is necessary to take stock of the frst results. Objective – to assess the dynamics of the epidemic process of CHC and the clinical manifestations of the disease during the period of 2015-2019. Material and methods. The article analyzes the data from the state statistical reporting of infectious diseases in the Russian Federation (RF), from the reference-center for the monitoring of viral hepatitis, from statistical tables compiled at Methodological and Research Center for Epidemiological Surveillance of Viral Hepatitis under Pasteur Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. The data from the Federal register of patients with viral hepatitis were used. The article analyzes our own experience of observing 555 patients with HCV at different stages of the disease. Results. In 2015–2019, CHC incidence in the RF decreased by 20% (30,90/0000- in 2019, 38,00/0000– in 2015). The total number of people with CHC is increasing (in 2015 – 562 622 people, in 2019 – 635372). It is estimated that only 20% of those infected are under surveillance. The death rate from CHC remains high. The proportion of patients with an advanced stage of CHC is about 20%. The proportion of decompensated cirrhosis decreased by 8%. In recent years, government funding for the treatment has increased, but only about 8% of all registered CHC patients are covered by the therapy. Conclusions. In the RF the WHO strategy targets have not been achieved by 2020. That’s why it’s important to develop a strategy to counter the spread of HCV for the period up to 2030.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE CONTENT OF RETINOL AND α-TOCOPHEROL IN EXPERIMENTAL LIVER FIBROSIS IN RATS","authors":"I. A. Kondratovich, Y. Novogrodskaya, V. Andreev, R. Kravchuk, A. Ostrovskaya, I. E. Gulyai, S. Shalesnaya, M. Kurbat, V. Tsyrkunov","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-196-200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-196-200","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The content of retinol and α-tocopherol in the human body affects the development and progression of chronic liver diseases and is associated with the functioning of perisinusoidal lipocytes (HSC) and the state of biological membranes. Objective – to evaluate the content of retinol and α-tocopherol in blood plasma and liver tissue in the dynamics of experimental liver fbrosis in rats. Material and methods. Modeling of liver fbrosis / cirrhosis was carried out on sexually mature male rats by intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) solution at a dose of 200 mg / kg every other day for 4 and 12 weeks. The control group of animals received an equal volume of saline. The concentration of α-tocopherol and retinol was determined by S.L. Taylor’s method. Results. In rat liver preparations, 4 weeks after administration of TAA solution to animals, signs of FII-III stage of fbrosis were observed. According to electron microscopy, HSCs were in a transitional state and acquired a more elongated shape; the number of lipid inclusions in their cytoplasm decreased. The administration of TAA for 12 weeks led to the formation of liver cirrhosis in rats, with characteristic macro- and microscopic changes. On light microscopy, the number of HSCs decreased in rat liver preparations 3 months after administration of TAA; activated HSCs were encountered, which acquired an elongated shape and lost lipid inclusions. The content of retinol in the 2nd group of animals (with liver fbrosis stage II-III) was 2.2 times higher than in the control group, and 1.8 times higher than in the 3rd group with liver cirrhosis (p < 0.05). The content of retinol in the liver tissue after 4 weeks of TAA administration decreased by 11.7%, after 12 weeks - by 1.5 times. The level of α-tocopherol in the liver at the stage of fbrosis FII-III decreased by 21% compared with the control group, at the stage of cirrhosis - by 2 times. Conclusion. The use of thioacetamide in rats for 1 and 3 months leads to the development of liver fbrosis and cirrhosis. A decrease in the content of retinol and α-tocopherol in the liver occurs with the progression of liver fbrosis /cirrhosis. The high content of retinol and α-tocopherol in plasma at the stage of liver fbrosis FII-III is due to degranulation (activation) of HSC.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE COMBINATION OF LADD’S SYNDROME WITH CONGENITAL HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS","authors":"V. V. Navasad, V. I. Kavalchuk, E. A. Navasad","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-212-216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2020-4-2-212-216","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The combination of the two congenital pathological conditions – compression of the duodenum by embryonic cords of the peritoneum and congenital inversion of the small intestine and right half of the colon due to incomplete bowel rotation – was described in detail by W. E. Ladd in 1932, thus the pathology is known as “Ladd’s syndrome” (LS). Congenital pyloric stenosis belongs to a group of severe birth defects. The disease is based on a congenital violation of the morphological structures of the pyloric sphincter of the stomach due to hypertrophy of the circular muscle layer and interstitial tissue leading to pyloric stenosis and impaired patency in this part of the gastrointestinal tract. Objective. Demonstration of diagnostics and treatment peculiarities of a rare case of a combined pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in a newborn. Material and methods. The data from clinical observation of the patient M., 3 days old, who was treated in the neonatal Department of the Grodno regional children’s clinical hospital (GODKB) since December 2018 till March 2019. Results. The child was found to have a combination of Ladd’s syndrome with congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Successful correction of the birth defects was performed. Conclusion. We have presented a case report that hasn’t been yet described in literature. Despite the diffculties in diagnostics, the patient was discharged with recovery. The follow-up examination in 2020 revealed no abnormalities in the child’s development.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69173694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS INTOXICATION IN THE REGULATION OF BCL-2 GENE EXPRESSION IN THE DYNAMICS OF EXPERIMENTAL SUBHEPATIC OBSTRUCTIVE JAUNDICE","authors":"O. A. Drichits, L. S. Kizyukevich, А. V. Kapytski, I. L. Kizyukevich","doi":"10.25298/2616-5546-2019-3-2-178-183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25298/2616-5546-2019-3-2-178-183","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2 blocks cell death, prolongs cell survival in many cellular systems, protects against various cytotoxic effects. Objective – to evaluate the role of endogenous intoxication in the regulation of Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene expression in the dynamics of experimental subhepatic obstructive jaundice. Material and methods. The subhepatic obstructive jaundice (duration: 1, 3, 5 and 10 days) was simulated in rats by bandaging the common bile duct at the liver gate. Sham operated animals were used as a control group. The concentration of total bile acids, total bilirubin and urea as well as the activity of ALT and AST were determined in blood serum of experimental and control rats. Total RNA was isolated from 1 ml of whole blood. The level of Bcl2 gene expression was performed by real-time PCR (PCR-RT). Results. Over a 10 day-experiment the concentration of total bile acids in blood serum of jaundiced animals has increased 38-74 times (p<0.001), the level of bilirubin - 11.7-18 times (p<0.001), aminotransferase activity and urea concentration have increased significantly. All this leads to endotoxemia, producing a cytotoxic effect on the tissues of the internal environment of the body and is accompanied by enhanced relative level of expression of the antiapoptotic gene Bcl-2. Conclusion. A 10-day-subhepatic obstructive jaundice (the degree of its severity depends on the duration of cholestasis) leads to the development of biliary endogenous intoxication, accompanied by enhanced relative level of expression of the Bcl-2 antiapoptotic gene, that in its turn blocks the development of apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":34878,"journal":{"name":"Gepatologiia i gastroenterologiia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45114039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}