Neurobiology of LanguagePub Date : 2024-04-01eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00134
Alessandro Lopopolo, Milena Rabovsky
{"title":"Tracking Lexical and Semantic Prediction Error Underlying the N400 Using Artificial Neural Network Models of Sentence Processing.","authors":"Alessandro Lopopolo, Milena Rabovsky","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent research has shown that the internal dynamics of an artificial neural network model of sentence comprehension displayed a similar pattern to the amplitude of the N400 in several conditions known to modulate this event-related potential. These results led Rabovsky et al. (2018) to suggest that the N400 might reflect change in an implicit predictive representation of meaning corresponding to semantic prediction error. This explanation stands as an alternative to the hypothesis that the N400 reflects lexical prediction error as estimated by word surprisal (Frank et al., 2015). In the present study, we directly model the amplitude of the N400 elicited during naturalistic sentence processing by using as predictor the update of the distributed representation of sentence meaning generated by a sentence gestalt model (McClelland et al., 1989) trained on a large-scale text corpus. This enables a quantitative prediction of N400 amplitudes based on a cognitively motivated model, as well as quantitative comparison of this model to alternative models of the N400. Specifically, we compare the update measure from the sentence gestalt model to surprisal estimated by a comparable language model trained on next-word prediction. Our results suggest that both sentence gestalt update and surprisal predict aspects of N400 amplitudes. Thus, we argue that N400 amplitudes might reflect two distinct but probably closely related sub-processes that contribute to the processing of a sentence.</p>","PeriodicalId":34845,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Language","volume":"5 1","pages":"136-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11025650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140868474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Zappa, Deirdre Bolger, Jean-Marie Pergandi, Raphael Fargier, Daniel Mestre, Cheryl Frenck-Mestre
{"title":"The neural correlates of embodied L2 learning: Does embodied L2 verb\u0000 learning affect representation and retention?","authors":"Ana Zappa, Deirdre Bolger, Jean-Marie Pergandi, Raphael Fargier, Daniel Mestre, Cheryl Frenck-Mestre","doi":"10.1162/nol_a_00132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1162/nol_a_00132","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We investigated how naturalistic actions in a highly immersive, multimodal, interactive 3D virtual reality (VR) environment may enhance word encoding by recording EEG in a pre/post-test learning paradigm. While behavior data has shown that coupling word encoding with gestures congruent with word meaning enhances learning, the neural underpinnings of this effect have yet to be elucidated. We coupled EEG recording with VR to examine whether “embodied learning” improves learning and creates linguistic representations that produce greater motor resonance. Participants learned action verbs in an L2 in two different conditions: Specific action (observing and performing congruent actions on virtual objects) and Pointing (observing actions and pointing to virtual objects). Pre and post-training participants performed a Match-mismatch task as we measured EEG (variation in the N400 response as a function of match between observed actions and auditory verbs) and a Passive listening task while we measured motor activation (mu (8-13 Hz) and beta band (13-30Hz) desynchronization during auditory verb processing) during verb processing. Contrary to our expectations, post-training results revealed neither semantic nor motor effects in either group when considered independently of learning success. Behavioral results showed a great deal of variability in learning success. When considering performance, Low performance learners showed no semantic effect and High performance learners exhibited an N400 effect for Mismatch vs Match trails post-training, independent of the type of learning. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that embodied processes can play an important role in L2 learning.","PeriodicalId":34845,"journal":{"name":"Neurobiology of Language","volume":"52 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139381818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}