{"title":"“Doing” ecocriticism: Oppressions of nature and animals in Philip Larkin’s poetry","authors":"M. Idrus, Iyad Mukahal","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1943768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1943768","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Far fewer studies have investigated Philip Larkin’s ecological awareness. While the poet problematizes physical nature and animals, the universal, east-and-west concerns of (non) human beings have been predominantly one-dimensional. This paper analyzes Larkin’s poetry, by paying specific attention to the poet’s precognition of a looming disaster that ecocritics and environmentalists later came to conceptualize as “the ecological crisis.” This article analyzes two poems by Larkin, chiefly, “Going, Going,” and “Take One Home for the Kiddies” in the context of natural environment and animal oppression. Larkin’s arguments on the human manipulation of nature eventually disrupl ts the Man-Nature relationship. By focusing on these two of Larkin’s poems, the wider application of rhetorical devices attests to the poet’s sensitivity, delineating an unstable alliance between human and non-human world(s).","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"52 1","pages":"46 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74757939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Indirect Influence in Literature: The Case of Edgar Allan Poe, Charles Baudelaire, and Han Mac Tu","authors":"To Mai Hoang","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1886440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1886440","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT From the perspective of “new aesthetics,” a trend of post-theoretical criticism, this paper looks back at some of the achievements of Influence Study (French school) in comparative literature, in particular those who are quite similar to the works of Jean-Marie Carré and Marius François Guyard. The two research areas mentioned above share a concern with the emotion of a text as well as its effect and transmittability. Bearing this in mind, this paper studies the indirect influence of Edgar Allan Poe on Han Mac Tu (Vietnam) through the intermediary Charles Baudelaire and considers the chain of “affective contagion.” This is a case of interesting and complex indirect influence cited by the critic Hoai Thanh as early as 1942 in Vietnam.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"40 4 1","pages":"29 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89152882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tang Xianzu and Philip Sidney: A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Drama Theories","authors":"Huimin Wang","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1943607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1943607","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There is a vast difference between theatrical traditions of China and England as the two countries are geographically apart. Tang Xianzu (汤显祖 1550–1616) and Philip Sidney (1554–1586) lived at opposite ends of Eurasia and they had no idea of the other’s existence, let alone the other’s thoughts. Yet, by close attention to Tang Xianzu’s and Philip Sidney’s drama theories, I have identified striking similarities in terms of their focus on depth of thoughts and true feelings in artistic creation, their opinions and/or practices towards tragicomedy, and their views on the social functions of theater. Despite operating within diverse contexts – Tang in late Ming dynasty China and Sidney in Elizabethan England – commensurabilities of their drama theories further mark the departure for ruminations on perennial questions of human cognition and emotion process.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"39 1","pages":"74 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72588747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cultural Unconscious And L2 Writer’s Identity Construction—A Case Study On Ha Jin","authors":"Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1882085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1882085","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT By juxtaposing the cultural unconscious with relevant psychoanalytic concepts by Freud, Jung and Lacan, this article attempts to expound the connotation of the cultural unconscious from the levels of individual, collective and linguistic sign unconscious. Then it proposes a model to discuss the relationship between the cultural unconscious and identity construction, which may provide a new perspective for the theoretical framework of L2 writer’s identity construction. Based on the model, the author makes a case study on an American Chinese L2 writer, Ha Jin. Ha Jin’s fiction reveals the cultural unconscious manifested in his writing and reveals his psychological mechanism of identity construction in the conflict and integration of Chinese and Western cultures.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"58 1","pages":"156 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77216242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Trust neither the Horse, nor Modernity”: Explicating Mahmoud Darwish’s Allusions to Babylon, Sodom and Ancient Indians in “Counterpoint: Edward Said”","authors":"Ahmad Qabaha","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2020.1844114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2020.1844114","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper examines the allusions to Babylon, Sodom and the Red Indians in Mahmoud Darwish’s tribute to Edward Said, which he entitled “Counterpoint.” This paper argues that these allusions add a new understanding to the significant contribution of Darwish’s poetry to postcolonial literature. It shows these allusions suggest that the postcolonial narrative is an encompassing narrative that is continuously renewed and retold by meta-narratives by authors whose peoples experienced colonialism for two reasons: first, colonialism has never ended, but it continues with new shapes; and second, allusions in postcolonial literature aim at reciprocating “postcolonial solidarity.” This paper further demonstrates that these allusions gesture toward sharing the belief that indigenous stories and struggles are more powerful and rooted when waged together against the colonialist negation of the history and culture of native people.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"9 1","pages":"75 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89123392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"General Variation Theory: A Perspective of Generalized Science","authors":"Shunqing Cao, Jinzheng Li, Q. Yang","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2020.1844118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2020.1844118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The representative discussion on “variation” originates from Life Science; however, “variation” also exists in the fields of Natural Science, and Humanities and Social Science. And each of these three fields has certain continuity and internal consistency in their “arche” (ἀρχή) and “variation” processes. Particle variation, gene variation, and meme variation occur in nature, life, and culture respectively; they all start with “hereditary” with specific structure and evolve into various things that can be perceived by experience in various fields via the “selection” of an “invisible hand.” This process is clearly described in natural philosophy and metaphysical realism, which can be summarized as the generation theoretical and dualistic “ontology-variant” variation view. Through a full view of generalized science, a knowledge chain of “variation” is extracted, which is referred to as “general variation theory” in this article. This theoretical concept consists of four closely related parts: basic variation, nature variation, life variation, and cultural variation. Each of them has its own independent question domain and knowledge model; while, at the same time, there is a certain continuous, inclusive, and integrated relationship running through these four parts, thus generating a universal explanatory effectiveness in this sense.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"38 1","pages":"86 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88791530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reflections on Martin Buber’s Approach to Upaniʂads and Vedānta","authors":"Vikas Baniwal","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2020.1854415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2020.1854415","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Martin Buber engaged with the Upaniʂadic thought and found it essentially mystical and not conducive to man-God dialogue, where dialogue is understood as an I-Thou relation in which the I and the “other” do not become one. This paper presents a response to Buber’s critique of Upaniʂadic thought by arguing for the need to understand the differences between the Upaniʂads and Vedānta. In this attempt, the paper discusses Buber’s critique of Vedānta as monological in comparison to his dialogical thought. Further, it delineates the differences and similarities between Buber’s thought and Vedāntic thought concerning their understanding of man, man’s knowledge of the divine, and the relationships between man and divinity. Lastly, the paper situates Buber’s critique in comparison to the various Vedāntin philosophies.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"26 1","pages":"118 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86516363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Position of Victorian Women: Villette and Emma","authors":"Aycan Gökçek","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1876970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1876970","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to point out to the social position of women in early 19th century England with references to Jane Austen’s Emma and Charlotte Bronte’s Villette. In the first part, in addition to the definition of the ideal Victorian woman, limited educational, economic, and social opportunities of women will also be pointed out. In the second part, Villette will be handled in terms of its approach to the social problems of women such as their limited job and educational opportunities. Social norms drawn for an ideal Victorian woman and the significance of the institution of marriage for women will also be scrutinized. In the third part, Emma will be studied in terms of its reflection of the social position of women. With the analyses of two novels, the paper aims to conclude that in the Victorian Era, women were seen as social inferiors because of the prejudice against them in society. Examining how Charlotte Bronte and Jane Austen became the voice of the injustice and prejudices against women, the paper concludes that Victorian women could only justify their presence on earth by dedicating themselves to others through self-effacement, duty, and sacrifice. In addition to this, the paper also points out that in early 19th century England, women faced many difficulties to obtain social, economic, and educational rights that are equal to those of men. This paper is dedicated to the examination of the social position of Victorian women because although this issue is referred to superficially in many articles, few articles handle the subject thoroughly. Hereby, the paper aims to engage in a scrutinized study of the issue on two novels of the period both of which provide fruitful and clear examples to the object of the study.","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"19 1","pages":"143 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81768161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theory, Cultural Studies And Cross-Disciplinary Research: A Dialogue With Jonathan Arac","authors":"Jiazhao Lin, J. Arac","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2021.1871797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2021.1871797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Jonathan Arac is one of the leading American post-modernists who once taught at Columbia University and served as Andrew W. Mellon Professor of English as well as the founding director of the Humanities Center at the University of Pittsburgh. He is considered to be one of the most notable “New Americanists” with an eclectic range of interests in literary theory, US literature (with an emphasis on the controversy of Huckleberry Finn). His research methods range from theoretical framing, cultural study to interdisciplinary study. This interview, which was conducted in oral and written form at the University of Pittsburgh from December 2019 to December 2020, touches upon such topics as Arac’s academic connection with Chinese academia, the essence of literary theory and its relationship with cultural studies and interdisciplinary research. Arac perceives his studies on literary theory, “new literary history,” and cross-disciplinary research since the 1960s as an integrated whole which “opens boundaries” and “extends our powers.”","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"60 1","pages":"137 - 142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77945510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Shakespeare’s Macbeth and Vishal Bhardwaj’s Maqbool: A Comparative Analysis","authors":"Fatimah Javed","doi":"10.1080/25723618.2020.1844932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25723618.2020.1844932","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The dramas of William Shakespeare have been one of the potential sources for adaptation and appropriation. He dramatized basic issues like love, marriage, familial relationships, race, class, humor, betrayal, evil, revenge, murder and death. He crafted unforgettable characters, from lowly thieves to lofty kings, who have become archetypes of modern drama, but still remain people with whom we can relate. These basic concepts and eternal characters provide filmmakers with the finest raw material to create great visual treats. The notable director Vishal Bhardwaj received much critical acclaim for his trilogy, Maqbool inspired by Macbeth, Omkara by Othello, and Haider adapted from Shakespeare’s Hamlet. However, Bhardwaj has taken certain liberties to mold the story according to his cinematic demands. The present article analyzes Vishal Bhardwaj’s Maqbool and Shakespeare’s Macbeth in the light of comparative analysis. It begins by defining comparative literature in brief and moves on to discuss the opening scenes, the art of characterization, the different dramatic devices that are being employed, the setting and the ending. It also explores the points of contact and departure between the adaptation (Maqbool) and the original source text (Macbeth).","PeriodicalId":34832,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Literature East West","volume":"111 1","pages":"106 - 117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80692415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}