Digital Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Legal regulation of remote consultation in the field of telemedicine","authors":"M. A. Kovalenko","doi":"10.17816/dd626878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626878","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The use of telemedicine technologies in the provision of medical care is becoming a widespread phenomenon. The law is designed to regulate emerging social relations in order to prevent negative manifestations and organize their harmonious development. In the field of medicine, it is important to establish legal norms aimed at protecting and safeguarding the rights and legitimate interests of the patient, since fundamental natural human rights — the right to health care and life — are affected. The provision of a wide margin of discretion to those engaged in medical-legal relations may result in a significant violation of the constitutional right of a citizen to health. One of the principal applications of telemedicine technologies is remote consultation with the patient. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to review the current legal framework regulating remote patient consultations, identify problematic issues, and propose solutions to address these issues. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The materials of the present study are the Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 № 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation”, Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated November 30, 2017 № 965n, Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated September 14, 2020 N 972n. The research methods are formal-legal, comparative-legal, as well as general scientific methods of cognition. \u0000RESULTS: The general legal regulation permits remote consultation with the patient in the absence of a face-to-face preliminary visit to the attending physician (Art. 36.2 of the Federal Law dated November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the Fundamentals of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation”). Nevertheless, the physician is constrained in his authority to prescribe treatment, modify previously prescribed therapy, or issue an electronic prescription. The result of such a consultation is a medical report. Should the physician determine that a face-to-face appointment is necessary, the patient may be advised to undergo preliminary examinations (clauses 47 and 48 of the Procedure for the Organization and Provision of Medical Care with the Use of Telemedicine Technologies, approved by Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 965n dated November 30, 2017). Consequently, there are issues pertaining to the determination of the potential content of the medical report (clause 9 of the aforementioned Order). This affects the scope of liability, as the consulting physician is liable within the limits of the issued medical opinion. Furthermore, these provisions conflict with the requirements to indicate in the medical report reasonable conclusions about the presence (absence) of diseases, the presence of medical indications or medical contraindications for the use of methods of medical examination and (or) treatment, to determine the effectiveness and validity of therapeutic and diagnost","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"79 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-contrast quantitative study of brain perfusion changes in multiple sclerosis","authors":"V. V. Popov, Yulia A. Stankevich, L. M. Vasilkiv, A. Tulupov","doi":"10.17816/dd625953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd625953","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Non-contrast magnetic resonance perfusion can identify areas of cerebral perfusion changes in patients with multiple sclerosis, even in the absence of focal lesions [1]. This technique offers several advantages, including non-invasiveness [2] and a short data collection time, which allows for repeated examinations and dynamic monitoring without contrast loading on the patient. The use of contrast-free magnetic resonance perfusion in patients with multiple sclerosis may prove to be a valuable diagnostic, management, and evaluation tool for the disease course. Nevertheless, the quantitative assessment of perfusion in multiple sclerosis remains a relatively understudied area in clinical practice [3]. The application of the developed algorithm for postprocessing of non-contrast MR perfusion data allows for the assessment of specific areas of interest and the estimation of absolute perfusion values in milliliters per 100 grams per minute. \u0000AIM: The study aims to develop an algorithm and investigate cerebral perfusion changes by non-contrast magnetic resonance perfusion in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with controls. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population comprises patients with multiple sclerosis (n=15) and a control group (n=15). The methodology employed in this study is magnetic resonance imaging on a 3.0T Philips Ingenia machine, using the basic study protocol (T1- and T2-weighted images, FLAIR, DIR, and CE_T1) and supplemented with pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL). The statistical analysis employed nonparametric methods. \u0000RESULTS: The quantitative processing of non-contrast perfusion data presents significant challenges. To address this, an algorithm was developed, which incorporates the use of the following software: Radiant, MatLAB, FSL (BASIL), MriCroGL, PyCharm. The perfusion in a group of conditionally healthy volunteers, without consideration of liquor-containing spaces and cerebral vessels, was isolated and co-registered with the atlas of T1-weighted images. The average perfusion was found to be 52.8±1.32 mL/(100 g×min), which is consistent with the findings of leading studies worldwide and reflects the efficacy and quality of the algorithm [4, 5]. Furthermore, within the context of the study, values for the demyelination focus [9.7 ± 5.4 mL/(100 g×min)] and for the visually intact white matter of the cerebral hemispheres [46.1 ± 1.7 mL/(100 g×min)] were obtained in the group of patients with multiple sclerosis. Moreover, a diffuse decrease in perfusion indices in visually intact regions of the cerebral hemispheres relative to the control group was revealed. This finding is also widely reported in the scientific literature [6]. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The application of the developed algorithm for the analysis of pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling in patients with multiple sclerosis allows for the assessment of perfusion in both the focus of demyelination and in the visually intact white matter of t","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"140 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141681821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with viral pneumonia using multislice spiral computed tomographic angiography","authors":"Ekaterina P. Kalinina, I. B. Belova","doi":"10.17816/dd626886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626886","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Viral pneumonia represents a significant and potentially life-threatening complication of coronavirus infection. It can result in a range of adverse outcomes, including pulmonary embolism. However, the prevalence of pulmonary embolism in these patients remains poorly understood. Multispiral computed tomographic angiography offers a valuable tool for studying the unique characteristics of radiation diagnostics in this disease and identifying specific signs of this complication. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study is to improve the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in patients with SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced pneumonia using multispiral computed tomographic angiography. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records and multispiral computed tomographic angiography data from 200 patients with viral pneumonia (COVID-19) who were treated between May 25, 2021, and October 15, 2021, for suspected pulmonary embolism based on laboratory findings was conducted. \u0000RESULTS: Of the total number of patients (58.5% female, 41.5% male), the majority were aged between 60 and 69 years. Pulmonary embolism was confirmed in 42 patients, which constituted 21% of the total number. This group included 36% males and 62% females. When the localization of thromboemboli was assessed, it was found that 64.3% of cases had a peripheral localization, 24% of cases had thromboemboli at the level of lobular branches, 7.1% of cases had thromboemboli in the main arteries and pulmonary trunk, and 4.6% of cases had thromboemboli in the pulmonary trunk. In the assessment of pulmonary perfusion disorders, the majority of patients exhibited a degree of severity classified as I (78.6%), with a smaller proportion classified as III or IV (11.9% and 9.5%, respectively). A statistical analysis of the incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with varying degrees of pneumonia severity revealed that in over half of the cases, the condition was confirmed in patients with minimal pulmonary parenchyma lesions. Specifically, 22 (52.4%) patients exhibited this pattern. The second part accounted for 16.6% of cases with critical severity of pneumonia, 16.7% with moderate severity, 11.9% with significant severity, and only 2.4% of cases with regression of inflammatory infiltration. Among patients with pulmonary embolism, pneumonia was in the advanced stage in 35.7% of cases, the peak stage in 33.3%, the incomplete stage in 21.4%, the early stage in 7.2%, and the resolution stage in 2.4%. However, when comparing the severity and stage of pneumonia in patients with confirmed and unconfirmed pulmonary embolism, no statistically significant differences between these parameters were found (p 0.05). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with suspected pulmonary embolism and viral pneumonia, 21% had a confirmed diagnosis. Of these, 64.3% had a peripheral localization of thromboemboli, 78.6% had grade I impairment of pulmonary perfusion, and most cases were in the advanced (35.7%) and peak (33.3%) st","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":" 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: focus on changes in peripheral nerves according to ultrasonic research method","authors":"Zoya V. Karaseva, A. S. Ametov, Victoria G. Saltykova, E. Pashkova, Larisa V. Kuznetsova, Ksenia G. Yudina","doi":"10.17816/dd626159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626159","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Diabetic polyneuropathy remains a significant and urgent problem in the context of diabetes mellitus, affecting more than a quarter of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. \u0000Currently, the method of peripheral nerve examination using ultrasound is gaining worldwide popularity. In the Russian Federation, however, it remains widely used only in some medical institutions. \u0000The ultrasound method employs the indicator “nerve cross-sectional area” to diagnose this complication, exhibiting a high degree of sensitivity (93%) in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging data (67%). Foreign and Russian studies [3, 4] confirm the observed increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerve in patients with diabetes mellitus. \u0000AIM: The study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of the ultrasound method of peripheral nerve examination in the detection of diabetic polyneuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Philips Epiq 7 ultrasonic diagnostic device (USA) with a linear transducer, operating at a frequency of 4–18 MHz, was used. The comparison group consisted of 30 volunteers. The main group comprised 25 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and confirmed diabetic polyneuropathy, as determined by electroneuromyography and physical examination methods. \u0000The median cross-sectional area of the sciatic and common peroneal nerves in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers was calculated. The criterion for a difference in area values was calculated using the Mann-Whitney test. \u0000RESULTS: The cross-sectional area thresholds were determined based on the 95th percentile of a cohort of healthy volunteers. \u0000In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, the following median nerve cross-sectional area values were found: for the sciatic nerve, 0.579 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.553 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.11 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.08 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula). In healthy volunteers, the values were as follows: for the sciatic nerve, 0.46 cm2 (at the gluteal crease) and 0.37 cm2 (2 cm proximal to the bifurcation); for the common peroneal nerve, 0.08 cm2 (1 cm distal to the bifurcation of the sciatic nerve) and 0.06 cm2 (at the level of the head of the fibula). \u0000A significant difference was found between the control and target groups using the Mann-Whitney test (p 0.01). \u0000CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic polyneuropathy, a significant increase in the cross-sectional area of the nerves of the lower extremities (sciatic and peroneal nerves) was revealed, which allows for the use of ultrasound as an additional method for the instrumental diagnosis of diabetic polyneuropathy. However, due to the small sample size, further study is required to confirm these findings.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emission textural features I-131 of differentiated thyroid cancer tissue","authors":"Mikhail S. Maltsev, A. A. Trukhin, A. V. Manaev, M. V. Reinberg","doi":"10.17816/dd626496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626496","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The management of differentiated thyroid cancer includes single-photon emission tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography after radioiodine therapy. Despite a good response to surgery and radioiodine therapy, recurrence is noted in some cases, leading to an unfavorable prognosis in 8% of cases [1]. A preliminary analysis of the distribution of I-131 in residual thyroid tissues and foci of metastasis allows for the estimation of the probability of differentiated cancer recurrence. Currently, there is no method that is simultaneously effective and easy to perform for predicting the recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to develop a technique for extracting and computing textural features of the I-131 accumulation region using a single-photon emission tomography system corresponding to differentiated thyroid cancer tissue. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of single-photon emission tomography combined with X-ray computed tomography of the neck and thorax of 23 patients was conducted. Regions of interest, including foci of I-131 accumulation in the primary tumor bed, regional and distant metastases, were delineated in Xeleris 4DR software. The obtained mask with the original image was processed in a program written with the help of the Matlab package, which localizes the foci. The textural features of foci are calculated based on the obtained spatial adjacency matrix. This matrix shows how often pixels with certain gray scale brightness values occur in an image. Therefore, the features based on the spatial adjacency matrix reflect the frequency distribution of different pixel neighborhoods in a given context. \u0000RESULTS: An algorithm for constructing three-dimensional matrices of a radiation source surrounded by tissue of differentiated thyroid cancer was developed. The textural features of three-dimensional matrices were investigated. It was demonstrated that there are tendencies for differences in texture features corresponding to the ordering of pixel values and image contrast. The values of the obtained features obey the lognormal distribution. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: An algorithm for extracting textural features of I-131 accumulation foci allows post-therapy single-photon emission tomography images combined with X-ray computed tomography to be analyzed for the likelihood of recurrence of differentiated thyroid cancer.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropomorphic abdominal aortic phantoms for computed tomography angiography","authors":"Anastasia V. Guseva, M. Kodenko","doi":"10.17816/dd626820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626820","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Anthropomorphic vascular test objects are an important tool for improving computed tomography angiography studies, as they allow avoiding the impact of radiation exposure on the patient. The presented work is a continuation of the research in the field of development and implementation of the system of pulse blood flow simulation of vessels for computed tomography angiography studies. Based on the results of successful validation of the experimental test bench using simplified test objects [1], the work on creation of anthropomorphic test objects of the abdominal aorta imitating normal and aneurysmatically dilated vessels was initiated and carried out. \u0000AIM: Creation of anthropomorphic test objects of the abdominal aorta from materials that simultaneously mimic the biomechanical and X-ray properties of the real vessel. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: Publicly available computed tomography data of patients were selected to create anthropomorphic test objects [2]. 3D Slicer software was used to segment studies containing normal and aneurysmatically dilated abdominal aortic lumen. The models obtained during segmentation were processed using Autodesk Meshmixer computer-aided design system. Model preparation for printing was performed using Polygon X computer-aided design system. The models were printed from water-soluble plastic using Picaso X PRO 3D printer. The resulting model was used as the basis for creating a test object using the smearing method. In order to ensure uniform thickness of the vessel wall, a structure, which is a rotating frame with adjustable speed, was developed. A combination of silicone matrix and reinforcing threads was used as a tissueimitating material with the required X-ray and biomechanical properties [3]. \u0000RESULTS: Anthropomorphic test objects were made for cases of normal and aneurysmatically dilated abdominal aortic lumen in 1:3 and 1:1 scale. A technological process of material application was developed, which made it possible to obtain a uniform layer of material over the entire volume of the model. \u0000CONCLUSION: The results are intended for the development of computed tomography angiographyusing anthropomorphic test objects that allow taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient. Further development of the project involves testing of the obtained test objects within the framework of computed tomography angiography research using a device simulating pulse blood flow.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"128 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Live surgery” as a modern and visual way of training medical specialists","authors":"Alexander A. Fedortsov, I. Moshurov, O. V. Manukovskaya, S. M. Povarkov","doi":"10.17816/dd627090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd627090","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The teaching of surgical skills is a complex and time-consuming process. From the time when surgery became the primary method of curing patients of diseases to the present day, the transfer of knowledge through direct participation in surgical interventions remains relevant. However, technically complex interventions, as well as those that carry a high risk of error, cannot always be allowed to be performed as a learning process. In such cases, the term “live surgery” becomes particularly relevant, as it refers to a demonstration surgery conducted in real time and broadcast on screens in a lecture-dialogue format [1]. This format is particularly valuable in the training of oncologists, whose patients initially face a number of intra- and postoperative surgical risks. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of live surgery as an effective tool for teaching surgical skills to physicians. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive synthesis of the literature data was conducted to justify the need to implement live surgery in the process of training physician specialists. In the course of writing the paper, studies reflecting various aspects of the process of training physicians in surgical skills using telecommunication technologies were analyzed. \u0000RESULTS: In all the studies analyzed, the authors agree that the use of telecommunication technologies that facilitate live surgery sessions for the transfer of knowledge regarding operative techniques to specialists has educational value and presents an opportunity to present a list of practical skills necessary for surgical intervention in a visual and step-by-step manner [1–8]. C. T. Huerta et al. posit that live surgery broadcasts have a greater educational effect than similar manipulations presented by video recordings [2]. A significant number of authors engaged in the study of the potential applications of live surgery have sought to ascertain the safety of this procedure for the patient. The majority of these studies have demonstrated that live broadcasts do not result in an increased incidence of intra- and postoperative complications [1, 3–5], yet a few researchers have identified potential risks, which, when properly mitigated, can be effectively managed through the implementation of a set of rules for live surgery [6, 7]. Furthermore, it is important to obtain the patient’s consent to live surgical treatment prior to the event [7]. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: To summarize the above, live surgery can be considered an effective method for training medical specialists in surgical skills. Its use should become regular and technically practiced. At the same time, in order to avoid any potential harm to the patient's health, it is necessary to adhere to the clear rules of live surgery, having previously obtained the patient's informed consent to participate in this event.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"85 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical phantom of the knee joint for computed tomography studies","authors":"Ekaterina D. Belyakova, Anastasia A. Nasibullina, Julia V. Bulgakova, Olga Vlasova, Veronika V. Grebennikova, O. Omelyanskaya, A. Petraikin, D. Leonov","doi":"10.17816/dd627089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd627089","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The knee joint is a frequently visualized anatomical region in clinical practice. Accurate interpretation of CT scans necessitates a comprehensive understanding of anatomy and a sound grasp of fundamental technical principles and imaging protocols. To safeguard the patient's well-being, it is of paramount importance to prevent erroneous studies resulting from suboptimal equipment quality, setup issues, and patient positioning. These difficulties can be circumvented by the use of phantoms to pre-adjust the equipment and the provision of training to medical staff in scanning techniques. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to develop a technique for creating an anthropomorphic medical phantom of the knee joint that would accurately reflect the X-ray density of the corresponding human tissues, thus enabling the use of computed tomography studies. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The knee joint phantom comprises a series of models representing the femur, tibia, fibula, patella, collateral ligaments, lateral and medial menisci, tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle, anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and patellar ligament. Ligament models were 3D-printed from resin, bones were cast from silicone, soft tissues were modeled with a homogeneous structure of silicone-like materials and made by casting into silicone molds. The skin was similarly modeled. In the study, the anode voltage range of the CT scanner varied from 80 to 140 kV, and the slice thickness was equal to 1.25 mm. \u0000RESULTS: The developed anthropomorphic knee joint phantom demonstrated the X-ray density of the modeled anatomical structures, with ligaments exhibiting a range of 80–120 units on the Hausfield scale, bones exhibiting a range of 320–370 units, and soft tissues and skin exhibiting a range of 20–60 units. The use of additive technologies made it possible to achieve a high degree of similarity between the phantom forms and the knee joint. Further research may be directed towards the creation of a more complex model of bone tissue, comprising a separate cortical layer and spongy substance. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The use of an anthropomorphic knee phantom allows for the acquisition of high-quality CT images without the need for prior scanning of patients.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"48 S234","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141683037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of tissue-mimicking materials for anthropomorphic modeling of arterial vessels","authors":"Dariya I. Abyzova, M. Kodenko","doi":"10.17816/dd626907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626907","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: In computed tomographic angiography, anthropomorphic specimens made of tissue-mimicking materials are used to improve the diagnosis of pathological changes in arteries. The design of test objects requires the selection of materials with properties that correctly reproduce the biomechanical and radiographic characteristics of the arterial wall. Tissue-mimicking materials used in modern specimens do not always take into account the conditions under which the arterial wall functions in vivo [1]. In addition, the selection of materials is required to simulate pathological processes, such as changes in the thickness of the arterial wall in the area of the aneurysm, simulation of thrombus [2]. The choice of tissue-mimicking materials to create a test specimen has a significant impact on the results of studies conducted with these materials. \u0000AIM: The aim of this study is to ascertain the biomechanical and X-ray properties of tissue-mimicking materials for the anthropomorphic modeling of arterial vascular test objects. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature analysis was conducted to investigate the potential of tissue-mimicking materials for the creation of arterial vessel test objects. The search query included the following keywords: abdominal aorta, aneurysm, CT-angiography, tissue-mimicking material, test objects, and mechanical properties of the arterial wall. The results of the literature review were used to investigate the biomechanical characteristics of the arterial vessel wall in a healthy state and in aneurysm. The advantages and disadvantages of different types of tissue-mimicking materials were analyzed. In the course of this analysis, the requirements for biomechanical and X-ray properties of tissue-mimicking materials were formulated. A ranked list of tissue-mimicking materials for the creation of anthropomorphic test objects of arterial vessels for studies by computed tomographic angiography was prepared. \u0000RESULTS: During the course of the work, the requirements for biomechanical and X-ray properties of tissue-imitating materials for the creation of an arterial vessel test object were formulated. Further development of the topic will entail the expansion of the number of simulated pathologies and the search for universal materials suitable for the creation of multimodal test objects. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained can be used to improve arterial vascular test objects.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141680845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic resonance imaging in assessing the condition of the pituitary gland in children with growth retardation","authors":"Elena A. Finota","doi":"10.17816/dd626160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd626160","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: The pituitary gland is an endocrine gland that plays a crucial role in the regulation of metabolism, physical and sexual development. Modern medical imaging techniques allow the study of changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary region in children with low physical development [1–3]. \u0000AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the state of the hypothalamic-pituitary region in children with different forms of nanism using magnetic resonance imaging. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 102 boys and 96 girls with complaints of growth retardation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain with targeted studies of the pituitary region of children and adolescents aged 8–15 years was studied. Using a high-field magnetic resonance imager, the brain was scanned in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using standard modes and targeted examination of the pituitary region using T1- and T2-weighted pulse sequences with a slice thickness of 2.0 mm. Inclusions in the pituitary gland requiring differential diagnosis betwe en adenoma and Rathke’s cleft cyst were imaged with intravenous contrast. The physical development of the children was evaluated using the AntroPlus computer program. The significance of differences between groups was determined by the confidence interval; differences were considered significant at p 0.05. \u0000RESULTS: Analysis of the obtained data shows that 92.0% of children and adolescents with idiopathic stunting have a standard deviation of growth from –2.0 to –3.0. In these children, hypoplasia of the pituitary gland was found in 36.4% of cases, residual structures of Rathke's cleft cyst in 16.5%, and inactive pituitary adenoma in 4.2%. Normal structure of the pituitary gland was found in the remaining children. In the group of patients with growth hormone deficiency, children with standard deviation of growth coefficient from –3.0 to –4.0 are more frequent (52.6% of patients), and 31.4% of boys and girls have growth retardation more than –4 σ. In these children, in addition to hypothalamic-pituitary masses and hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis, magnetic resonance imaging revealed in 26.7% of cases (including 83.4% of boys and 16.6% of girls) an abnormality of pituitary development in the form of a triad: hypoplasia of the adenohypophysis, shortened pituitary pedicle, and ectopia of the neurohypophysis. In the group of patients with growth retardation due to the presence of hereditary syndromes, 32.7% of those studied had a coefficient of standard deviation of growth between –2.0 and –3.0, and 33.4% had a coefficient of standard deviation of growth between –3.0 and –4.0. In children with more severe growth retardation, magnetic resonance signs of empty sella (22.6%) and hypoplasia of the pituitary gland (34.8%) were more frequently visualized. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: Magnetic resonance imaging is the primary method for evaluating the pituitary gland [4]. Children with idiopathic stunting exhibit a coefficient of standard deviation of","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}