Digital Diagnostics最新文献

{"title":"Dosiomics in the analysis of medical images and prospects for its use in clinical practice","authors":"V. Solodkiy, Nikolay V. Nudnov, Mikhail E. Ivannikov, Elina S-A. Shakhvalieva, Vladimir M. Sotnikov, Aleksei Yu. Smyslov","doi":"10.17816/dd420053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd420053","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In recent years, the number of articles using the term dosiomics has increased, but there are no literature reviews in Russian on this topic. \u0000Aim. To describe the basic principles of dosiomics as a derivative of radiomics and to analyse studies devoted to assessing the possibilities of its application in clinical practice. \u0000Materials and methods. A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed database using the search query dosiomics OR dosiomic, and in the eLibrary database using the search query дозиомика. By April 2023, 43 foreign and 1 Russian articles had been published. \u0000Results. 43 foreign studies on the use of dosiomics in clinical practice and one Russian article with a definition of the term \"dosiomics\" were analysed. The analysed papers were divided into three groups according to their subject matter and two tables describing the results of 27 studies on the prediction of clinical outcomes were created. \u0000Conclusion. Currently, dosiomics is a new and promising derivative of radiomics used in the textural analysis of medical images associated with radiation treatment of cancer patients. Dosiomics can contribute to the development of a more personalised approach to the planning of radiotherapy, the prediction of radiation damage of normal tissues and the diagnosis of recurrence.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47021708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precise low dose brachytheray of prostate cancer uder PSMA-receptor molecular visualization","authors":"P. Sviridov, P. Rumiantsev, M. Degtyarev, S. Serzhenko, Dmitry Borisovich Sanin, S. V. Styrov, Dmitry Yuryevich Agibalov","doi":"10.17816/dd340815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd340815","url":null,"abstract":"The method of choice in the treatment of localized prostate cancer (prostate cancer) without signs of germination of the gland capsule and in the absence of signs of metastases (stage cT1-T3aN0M0) is brachytherapy with implantation of seeds with 125I. Structural imaging methods (ultrasound, CT, MRI) do not have high specificity in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer. Hybrid technologies of radiation imaging (SPECT/CT, PET/CT, PET/MRI) combine the advantages of high sensitivity of cross-sectional structural imaging methods (CT, MRI) and high specificity of molecular imaging methods (SPECT, PET) with tumorotropic radiopharmaceuticals. In this original clinical study, based on 7 patients with localized prostate cancer (Gleason 6-7), it was shown that the precision of low-dose brachytherapy with 125I micro sources of localized prostate carcinomas, as well as their targeted biopsy, can be increased when using hybrid methods of PSMA-receptor molecular imaging (SPECT) for navigation/CT, PET/CT). The SPECT/CT method is more accessible than PET/CT, and in the presence of cold kits (HYNIC-PSMA), it allows you to perform research in any radioisotope diagnostics laboratory with the appropriate equipment. The innovative technology of PSMA-precision biopsy of brachytherapy under the control of hybrid molecular imaging can be used in primary and recurrent cases of localized prostate cancer, increases the accuracy and reduces the traumatic nature of procedures, increases the medical and economic efficiency of low-dose brachytherapy with 125I seeds. Further research is needed to improve the technology and evaluate long-term treatment outcomes in a large group of patients.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42113979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conventional MRI of peripheral nerves: MR-neurography.","authors":"Sofya N. Morozova, V. Sinkova, D. Grishina, Taisia Tumilovich, A. Chechetkin, M. Krotenkova, N. Suponeva","doi":"10.17816/dd430292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd430292","url":null,"abstract":"Peripheral neuropathy is known to be one of the most common neurological disorders. Despite the great diagnostic value of electroneuromyography and ultrasound, diagnostics and differential diagnostics of peripheral nerves diseases of different origin could be challenging. Magnetic resonance tomography has been increasingly used in recent years to evaluate cases of suspected or established peripheral neuropathy with excellent results. Manuscript deals mainly with advantages and limitations of abovementioned diagnostic instruments, technical considerations according to different anatomy of peripheral nerves and state-of-the-art technical decisions, frequently used MRI-sequences and their diagnostic value based on own observation, recommendations for contrast enhancement use, different methods of fat suppression. Currently there is practically no standardized description of normal MRI features of peripheral nerves as well as their changes in different diseases, evaluation of images is based mainly on the radiologist experience, which obviously decreases methods diagnostic value. Studies of large numbers of healthy volunteers and patients with peripheral neuropathies of different origin are required to solve this problem.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44772870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update of the federal governmental statistical surveillance form №3-DOZ “Data on patient doses from medical X-ray examinations”. Part 2. Recommendations for filling out the form","authors":"A. Vodovatov, L. Chipiga, A. A. Bratilova, P. S. Druzhinina, I. Shatskiy, Anastasiya V. Petryakova, S. Sarycheva, A. Biblin, R. R. Akhmatdinov, Y. Kapyrina, Z. Lantukh, I. Soldatov, V. Puzyrev, S. Ryzhov","doi":"10.17816/dd530656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd530656","url":null,"abstract":"The form of federal governmental statistical surveillance №3-DOZ Data on patient doses from medical X-ray examinations has changed significantly by the order of Rosstat №880. In particular, the structure of the tables of form №3-DOZ has been adjusted and changed: studies with high doses were dedicated from the rest; the section on radionuclide diagnostics has been redesigned the information on the levels of patient exposure when using individual radionuclides and in hybrid studies have been displayed; information on the number of radiological studies and collective doses for pediatric patients have been introduced. The structure of the updated form №3-DOZ is presented within the framework of this work. In this article, recommendations for filling out №3-DOZ have been developed in order to increase the reliability of the data provided and reduce the number of procedural errors.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42424309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with history of COVID-19","authors":"Aleksandra S. Maksimova, N. Ryumshina, T. Shelkovnikova, O. Mochula, N. D. Anfinogenova, V. Ussov","doi":"10.17816/dd494103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd494103","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Myocarditis is among the most common complications of coronavirus infection (COVID-19). \u0000Aim. The aim of the study was to find the differences in the patterns of myocardial injury in patients who had COVID-19 and patients during pre-pandemic period according to contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CE-CMR). \u0000Materials and Methods. The study included a total of 47 retrospective patients who underwent CE-CMR to rule out acute myocarditis. Group 1 comprised 34 patients with history of COVID-19 confirmed by PCR test (nasal and/or throat swabs). Group 2 included 13 individuals who underwent CE-CMR in 2017 before onset of COVID-19 pandemic. All patients enrolled in the study had clinical manifestation of cardiac injury without signs of coronary artery disease as an underlying cause of condition. \u0000Results. Mean time from onset of heart symptoms to administration of CE-CMR was 166 days. In in group 1, a decrease in exercise tolerance was observed in 77% of patients, and 14 (42%), 30 (88%), and 28 (85%) of patients complained of chest pain, shortness of breath, and heart palpitations, respectively. In group 2, four patients (30%) had dyspnea; nine patients (69%) complained of chest pain; and six patients (46%) had heart palpitations and/or feeling of arrhythmia. Myocardial injury in patients of group 1 was more generalized. The third of them had preserved increased pulmonary vascularity and pleural effusion. Men in group 1 had significantly lower left ventricular ejection fraction, lower values of global longitudinal deformation, and higher values of left atrial function compared with the corresponding parameters in women. Differences in women were found only in the number of the affected segments in the left ventricular myocardium. \u0000Conclusion. SARS-CoV-2 virus caused extended myocardial injury with involvement of significant number of myocardial segments. Men had more frequent postinflammatory complications in the form of abnormal function of the left ventricle and left atrium. Obtained results require continuous efforts for further assessment of long-term consequences of previous COVID-19 to the cardiovascular system. In this regard, CE-CMR may represent a sensitive imaging tool for the assessment of cardiac injury severity.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42378408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed tomography in the diagnosis of fever of unknown origin: case report.","authors":"Y. Shumskaya, N. Kostikova, D. A. Akhmedzyanova, M. M. Suleymanova, E. Fominykh, M. Mnatsakanyan, R. Reshetnikov","doi":"10.17816/dd472068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd472068","url":null,"abstract":"Fever of unknown origin (FUO) can be a symptom of at least two hundred diseased. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is an informative, but not readily available imaging tool. We present a clinical case of giant cell arteritis where computed tomography (CT) played a key role in the diagnosis. \u0000A 61-year-old woman presented to the hospital with a nocturnal fever up to 39,5С, chest and scapular pain, weight loss (10 kg in 3 months). Lymphoproliferative and infectious diseases were excluded. Baseline colonoscopy had revealed erosions in the colonic mucosa, and the patient was admitted to the gastroenterology department with the preliminary diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. Follow-up colonoscopy had excluded this diagnosis. Additional imaging via chest and abdominal CT scan revealed wall thickening of aorta and its branches with subtle contrast enhancement. \u0000Tuberculous aortoarteritis and syphilitic aortitis were excluded. The patient was diagnosed with giant cell arteritis involving brachiocephalic trunk, subclavian arteries and celiac trunk. Prednisolone was administered with subsequent reduction in symptoms. \u0000Despite the fact that CT is not the gold standard for the differential diagnosis of FUO, in this case it assisted in establishing the definitive diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42529498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postmortem radiology studies in the world and national healthcare: analysis of the literature data and opinions of russian specialists","authors":"A. Shchegolev, U. Tumanova","doi":"10.17816/dd375328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd375328","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the special importance of autopsies of the deceased patients to determine the cause of death and the effectiveness of the treatment, in all countries there is a progressive decrease in their number. At the same time, there is an active introduction of postmortem radiological studies for the analysis of the bodies of deceased patients. The article presents an analysis of literature data summarizing the results of surveys of foreign specialists, as well as the opinions of Russian specialists on the possibilities and features of postmortem radiological studies, mainly of deceased newborns and infants. It is noted that postmortem radiological studies are carried out both as part of a pathoanatomical autopsy and forensic medical examination. Postmortem CT in cases of violent death and post-mortem MRI in cases of death from diseases were performed more often. The general clinical equipment located in clinical radiology departments was used more often than those located in the mortuary, pathology department or forensic facility. Analysis of the results of postmortem radiological examinations was carried out by radiologists in most cases, and a joint analysis by a radiologist and a pathologist was much less often. It is emphasized that in the Russian Federation, postmortem radiological studies are mostly of a single nature. According to Russian researchers, at the present time, when personalized medicine, radiation techniques and information technologies are developing, there is a need to use postmortem radiological studies to objectify and improve the accuracy of traditional autopsies. Postmortem radiological studies, which are objective operator-independent methods of examining the bodies of dead people, should be considered as a highly effective stage of pathology and, especially, forensic autopsy.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44627828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of fetal absorbed doses from computed tomography examinations of pregnant patients: A systematic review","authors":"A. Vodovatov, Olga A. Golchenko, I. Mashchenko, Darya V. Alekseeva, L. Chipiga, I. V. Khutornoy, P. V. Kozlova, G. E. Trufanov, P. S. Druzhinina, S. Ryzhov, I. V. Soldatov","doi":"10.17816/dd472150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd472150","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Currently, no systematic data are available on fetal radiation exposure as a result of radiographic studies during pregnancy. Consequently, there are no approved methods of its calculation that can be used in clinical practice. It is especially relevant for computed tomography scans as it is a widely used and highly informative method of diagnostic imaging associated with high exposure levels. \u0000AIM: to systematize currently available data on radiation dose absorbed by the fetus from computed tomography scans in pregnant women. \u0000MATERIALS AND METHODS: The search for publications in Russian and English was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and еLibrary. The final analysis included 12 papers including 8 studies using human body phantoms, 3 retrospective studies and one prospective clinical study. \u0000RESULTS: Abdominal and pelvic computed tomography scans as well as whole-body scans were found to be associated with the highest fetal radiation exposure. However, in none of the publications the fetal exposure limit was exceeded. \u0000CONCLUSION: Clinically indicated non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans in pregnant women are not likely to be associated with the fetal absorbed doses that exceed the limit of 100 mGy regardless of the scanned area. However, this limit might be exceeded in case of performing multiple studies or if multiphase abdominal or pelvic computed tomography scans, or whole-body computed tomography scans are performed in patients with multiple trauma. In these cases, a decision regarding the need for these investigations should be made by a multi-disciplinary team (including radiation safety specialists, diagnostic radiologists and clinicians) based on the results of additional risk assessment.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45506270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional reconstruction of the pelvic bones on MRI scans","authors":"Egor O. Ikryannikov","doi":"10.17816/dd430345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd430345","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Pelvimetry is an important part of the obstetric examination for predicting a mismatch between the size of the fetus and the mothers pelvis, which leads to difficulty or impossibility of vaginal delivery. Contracted pelvis is one of the main causes of maternal birth trauma and perinatal morbidity and mortality. \u0000AIM: To create a computer vision model for automatic segmentation and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the pelvic bones. \u0000METHODS: A 3D U-Net-based neural network was used and trained on T2 weighted images in frontal projection (repetition time, 7500; echo time, 130; slice thickness, 4mm; field-of-view, 4039; matrix, 256256). The sample size covered 49 patients. The training and test samples included 42 and 7 examinations, respectively. The segmentation of areas of interest was done manually and verified by a specialist. The sample size was justified by achieving representativeness of the data for obtaining a qualitative model (according to the SorensenDice coefficient). \u0000RESULTS: 3D reconstructions of the pelvic bones were obtained. The average Sorensen-Dice coefficient on the accuracy of pelvic bone segmentation in the test sample was 0.86. The result justified the use of a 3D U-Net-based neural network as a tool capable of perceiving a 3D structure of images and conducting qualitative segmentation. The results allow further work on automating the determination of key points at reconstructions. \u0000CONCLUSIONS: A computer vision model for automatic segmentation of the pelvic bones to obtain 3D reconstruction of images was created. This enabled the next stage of the study, i.e. the development of a model for determining the key points in the images and the distances between the points.","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45489742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethical issues of implementing artificial intelligence in medicine","authors":"Maxim I. Konkov","doi":"10.17816/dd430348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/dd430348","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are highly efficient. However, their implementation in medical practice is accompanied by a range of ethical issues. The black box problem is basic to the AI philosophy, although having its own specificity in relation to medicine. A selection of relevant papers for the last three years by citations and their analysis through PubMed and Google Scholar search engines was conducted to study the problems of the AI implementation in medicine. One of the central problems is that the algorithms to justify decisions are still unclear to doctors and patients. The lack of clear and reasonable principles of AI operation is called the black box problem. How can doctors rely on AI findings without enough data to explain a particular decision? Who will be responsible for the final decision in case of an adverse outcome (death or serious injury)? In routine practice, medical decisions are based on an integrative approach (understanding of pathophysiology and biochemistry and interpretation of past findings), clinical trials and cohort studies. AI may be used to build a plan for disease diagnosis and treatment, while not providing a convincing justification for specific decisions. This creates a black box, since the information that the AI considers important for making a conclusion is not always clear, nor is it clear how or why the AI reaches that conclusion. Thus, Juan M. Durn writes, Even if we claim to understand the principles underlying AI annotation and training, it is still difficult and often even impossible to understand the inner workings of such systems. The doctor can interpret or verify the results of these algorithms, but cannot explain how the algorithm arrived at its recommendations or diagnosis. Currently, AI models are trained to recognize microscopic adenomas and polyps in the colon. However, doctors still have insufficient understanding of how AI differentiates between different types of polyps despite the high accuracy, and the signs that are key to making an AI diagnosis remain unclear to experienced endoscopists. Another example is the biomarkers of colorectal cancer recognized by AI. The doctor does not know how algorithms determine the quantitative and qualitative criteria of detectable biomarkers to formulate a final diagnosis in each individual case, i.e., a black box of process pathology emerges. For the trust of doctors and patients to be earned, the processes underlying the work of AI must be deciphered and explained, describing how it is done sequentially, step by step, and a specific result is to be formulated. Although the black box algorithms cannot be called transparent, the possibility of applying these technologies in practical medicine is worth considering. Despite the above problems, the accuracy and efficiency of solutions does not allow to neglect the use of AI. On the contrary, this use is necessary. Emerging problems should serve as a basis for training and educating doctors to wor","PeriodicalId":34831,"journal":{"name":"Digital Diagnostics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48687587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}