世界和国家卫生保健的死后放射学研究:文献资料分析和俄罗斯专家的意见

A. Shchegolev, U. Tumanova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管对死亡病人进行尸检对确定死亡原因和治疗效果具有特别重要的意义,但在所有国家,尸检人数都在逐步减少。与此同时,还积极引入了对死者尸体进行分析的死后放射学研究。本文对文献资料进行了分析,总结了外国专家的调查结果,以及俄罗斯专家对主要针对死亡新生儿和婴儿的死后放射学研究的可能性和特点的意见。报告指出,作为病理解剖和法医检查的一部分,进行了死后放射学研究。在暴力死亡的情况下进行尸检CT和在疾病死亡的情况下进行尸检MRI的频率更高。位于临床放射科的一般临床设备比位于停尸房、病理科或法医设施的设备使用得更多。在大多数情况下,对死后放射检查结果的分析是由放射科医生进行的,而由放射科医生和病理学家联合分析的情况要少得多。需要强调的是,在俄罗斯联邦,死后放射学研究大多是单一性质的。据俄罗斯研究人员称,目前,随着个性化医疗、放射技术和信息技术的发展,有必要利用尸检后放射学研究来客观化和提高传统尸检的准确性。死后放射学研究是一种客观的、独立于操作人员的检查死者尸体的方法,应该被认为是病理学,特别是法医尸检的一个非常有效的阶段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Postmortem radiology studies in the world and national healthcare: analysis of the literature data and opinions of russian specialists
Despite the special importance of autopsies of the deceased patients to determine the cause of death and the effectiveness of the treatment, in all countries there is a progressive decrease in their number. At the same time, there is an active introduction of postmortem radiological studies for the analysis of the bodies of deceased patients. The article presents an analysis of literature data summarizing the results of surveys of foreign specialists, as well as the opinions of Russian specialists on the possibilities and features of postmortem radiological studies, mainly of deceased newborns and infants. It is noted that postmortem radiological studies are carried out both as part of a pathoanatomical autopsy and forensic medical examination. Postmortem CT in cases of violent death and post-mortem MRI in cases of death from diseases were performed more often. The general clinical equipment located in clinical radiology departments was used more often than those located in the mortuary, pathology department or forensic facility. Analysis of the results of postmortem radiological examinations was carried out by radiologists in most cases, and a joint analysis by a radiologist and a pathologist was much less often. It is emphasized that in the Russian Federation, postmortem radiological studies are mostly of a single nature. According to Russian researchers, at the present time, when personalized medicine, radiation techniques and information technologies are developing, there is a need to use postmortem radiological studies to objectify and improve the accuracy of traditional autopsies. Postmortem radiological studies, which are objective operator-independent methods of examining the bodies of dead people, should be considered as a highly effective stage of pathology and, especially, forensic autopsy.
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CiteScore
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