World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)最新文献_第3页

Quantifying Institutional Impacts and Development Synergies in Water Resource Programs: A Methodology with Application to the Kala Oya Basin, Sri Lanka 量化水资源项目的制度影响和发展协同效应:一种应用于斯里兰卡Kala Oya盆地的方法

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4498

R. Saleth, A. Dinar

引用次数: 7

Bank Financing to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia 哥伦比亚中小企业的银行融资

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4481

Constantinos Stephanou, Camila Rodriguez

引用次数: 74

Infrastructure and Growth in Developing Countries: Recent Advances and Research Challenges 发展中国家的基础设施与增长:最新进展和研究挑战

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-01-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4460

Stéphane Straub

引用次数: 328

Aid Inflows and the Real Effective Exchange Rate in Tanzania 援助流入与坦桑尼亚实际有效汇率

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4456

Ying Li, Francisco Rowe

{"title":"Aid Inflows and the Real Effective Exchange Rate in Tanzania","authors":"Ying Li, Francisco Rowe","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4456","url":null,"abstract":"Tanzania is well placed to receive a significant increase in aid inflows in coming years. Despite the potential for the additional aid inflows to raise income levels in the country, increasing them may bring about structural changes in the economy that may be unwelcome. One such change is an appreciation of the real exchange rate that leads to a contraction of traditional export sectors and a loss of export competitiveness. This paper employs a reduced-form equilibrium real exchange rate approach to explain movements in Tanzania's real effective exchange in recent decades. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between aid inflows and the real effective exchange rate. The authors find that the long-run behavior of the real effective exchange rate is influenced by terms of trade movements, the government's trade liberalization efforts, and aid inflows. Positive terms-of-trade movements are associated with an appreciation, periods of improving trade liberalization are associated with a depreciation, and increases in aid inflows are associated with a depreciation in the real effective exchange rate. Although the last result is non-standard, it is not empirically unique and does have theoretical underpinnings. A detailed analysis of this relationship over the last decade shows that the Bank of Tanzania's response to aid inflows is likely the main reason for the finding.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130281639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 43

Regional Integration in South Asia: What Role for Trade Facilitation? 南亚区域一体化:贸易便利化的作用?

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4423

J. Wilson, T. Otsuki

{"title":"Regional Integration in South Asia: What Role for Trade Facilitation?","authors":"J. Wilson, T. Otsuki","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4423","url":null,"abstract":"The trade performance of countries in South Asia over the past two decades has been poor relative to other regions. Exports from South Asia have doubled over the past 20 years to approximately USD 100 billion. In contrast, East Asia's exports grew ten times over the same period. The low level of intraregional trade has contributed to weak export performance in South Asia. The empirical analysis in this paper demonstrates gains to trade in the region from reform and capacity building in trade facilitation at the regional level. When considering intraregional trade, if countries in South Asia raise capacity halfway to East Asia's average, trade is estimated to rise by USD 2.6 billion. This is approximately 60 percent of the total intraregional trade in South Asia. Countries in the region also have a stake in the success of efforts to promote capacity building outside its borders. If South Asia and the rest of the world were to raise their levels of trade facilitation halfway to the East Asian average, the gains to the region would be estimated at USD 36 billion. Out of those gains, about 87 percent of the total would be generated from South Asia's own efforts (leaving the rest of the world unchanged). In summary, we find that the South Asian region's expansion of trade can be substantially advanced with programs of concrete action to address barriers to trade facilitation to advance regional goals.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126266665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 51

Is Accra a Superstar City? 阿克拉是超级巨星城市吗?

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-12-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4453

R. Buckley, Ashna S. Mathema

{"title":"Is Accra a Superstar City?","authors":"R. Buckley, Ashna S. Mathema","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4453","url":null,"abstract":"A recent study of house price behavior in U.S. cities by Gyourko, Mayer, and Sinai (2006) raises questions about so-called superstar cities in which housing is so inelastically supplied that it becomes unaffordable, as higher-income families outbid residents. We consider the case of Accra, Ghana, in this light, estimating the elasticity of housing supply and discussing the implications for growth and income distribution. There is not a great deal of data available to examine trends in Accra, so our method is indirect. First, we use a variant of the traditional monocentric city model to calculate the elasticity of Accra's housing supply relative to those of other similarly-sized African cities. This suggests that housing supply responsiveness is much higher elsewhere. This muted supply responsiveness is consistent with the observed higher housing prices. Second, we estimate a number of traditional housing demand equations and reduced form equations. Placing a number of restrictions on the equations allows us to infer Accra's housing supply elasticity. Taken together, our approaches suggest that lower-income families in Accra have such poor housing conditions because the market is extremely unresponsive to demand. Although the outcomes we have traced-high housing prices and low quality-are not unusual relative to the other developed country superstar cities, they are extreme. The welfare costs are considerable, so much so that in addition to direct housing market effects, these policies also appear to have potentially significant implications for the achievement of more equitable growth.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126879303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 26

When Do Enterprises Prefer Informal Credit? 企业何时偏好非正式信贷?

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-11-12 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4435

Mehnaz S. Safavian, J. Wimpey

引用次数: 29

Product Standards, Harmonization, and Trade: Evidence from the Extensive Margin 产品标准、协调和贸易:来自广泛边际的证据

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4390

Ben Shepherd

引用次数: 89

Growth Diagnostics for a Resource-Rich Transition Economy: The Case of Mongolia 资源丰富转型经济的增长诊断:以蒙古为例

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4396

Elena Ianchovichina, S. Gooptu

{"title":"Growth Diagnostics for a Resource-Rich Transition Economy: The Case of Mongolia","authors":"Elena Ianchovichina, S. Gooptu","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper uses a growth diagnostics approach a la Hausmann, Rodrik, and Velasco (HRV) to identify the most 'binding' constraints to private sector growth in Mongolia - a small, low-income, mineral-rich, transition economy. The approach of applying the HRV methodology is useful in those cases where a lack of data prevents us from estimating shadow prices to identify the most 'binding' constraint to growth. We find that although Mongolia is not liquidity constrained and has grown rapidly in recent years, economic growth has been narrowly based. Investment has flowed mainly into a small number of firms operating in mining and construction. The low level of private investment in sectors outside mining and construction has been due to low returns - a result of costly and unreliable transportation services; lengthy and complex transit procedures, including customs and trade rules; distortionary taxes; coordination failures, at both domestic and international levels; and growing corruption. Poor financial intermediation is also a problem that has kept the cost of finance high, although lower than in previous years. Alleviating these binding constraints will ensure that Mongolia maintains the path towards sustained, broad-based growth.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123799002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Cote D'Ivoire: Competitiveness, Cocoa, and the Real Exchange Rate 科特迪瓦:竞争力、可可和实际汇率

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4416

Z. Bogetic, Carlos Espina, John H. Noer

{"title":"Cote D'Ivoire: Competitiveness, Cocoa, and the Real Exchange Rate","authors":"Z. Bogetic, Carlos Espina, John H. Noer","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4416","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores competitiveness of Cote d'Ivoire's economy over a long period of 1960-2003 and its link with cocoa prices. The main conclusions are as follows. First, using four measures of real effective exchange rate (REER) for the 1960-2002 period, we track the evolution of REER and conclude, inter alia, that until 2003, REER remained well below its 1994 level. Second, we find that based on our measure of the multilateral REER with dynamic weights, which covers most recorded trade, France no longer dominates Cote d'Ivoire's trade. Instead, Cote d'Ivoire has diversified its set of trading partners. Unfortunately, it has also specialized in one export product, raw cocoa. This paper aims to contribute to the question to what extent do cocoa prices affect Cote d'Ivoire's competitiveness in world trade? Third, the answer to this question is that cocoa prices are an important determinant of Cote d'Ivoire's competitiveness. Similar to the case of a classic\"Dutch Disease,\"increases in the real world price of a\"natural resource\"(i.e., cocoa) tend to result in the appreciation of the CFA franc and a loss in competitiveness. Econometric tests further confirm that 1994 was a\"break-point\"not only for growth and productivity (as documented in the two related papers) but also for trade competitiveness. Recent productivity per worker trends versus wages also seem to indicate slow growth in 1996-2000, without major improvement in competitiveness.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"15 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10