World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)最新文献_第2页

Reading Tealeaves on the Potential Impact of the Privatization of Tea Estates in Rwanda 阅读茶叶对卢旺达茶园私有化的潜在影响

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4566

B. Essama-Nssah, Kene Ezemenari, Vijdan Korman

引用次数: 4

Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge: Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective 应对阿富汗鸦片经济挑战:发展视角下的教训和政策影响

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4545

W. Byrd

{"title":"Responding to Afghanistan's Opium Economy Challenge: Lessons and Policy Implications from a Development Perspective","authors":"W. Byrd","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4545","url":null,"abstract":"Opium, Afghanistan's leading economic activity, lies at the heart of the challenges the country faces in state building, governance, security, and development. With their narrow law enforcement focus and limited recognition of development, security, and political implications, current global counter-narcotics polices impose a heavy burden on Afghanistan. This paper first provides a summary overview of Afghanistan's opium economy and the factors determining rural households'decisions on cultivating opium poppy. It then discusses the dynamic evolution of the Afghan drug industry in recent years, in particular its consolidation around fewer, powerful, politically-connected actors and the associated compromising of parts of some government agencies by drug industry interests. The paper reviews the experience with different counter-narcotics interventions, analyzes some proposals not yet tried in Afghanistan, and draws lessons and policy implications. Unfortunately there are no\"silver bullets\"-easy, quick, or one-dimensional solutions, and a longer-term horizon along with sustained commitment and resources will be required in order to phase out the opium economy over time. The paper concludes by putting forward some broad principles and approaches of a\"smart strategy\"against drugs in Afghanistan.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133705197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Regional Household and Poverty Effects of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization 俄罗斯加入世界贸易组织对区域家庭和贫困的影响

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4570

T. Rutherford, David G. Tarr

{"title":"Regional Household and Poverty Effects of Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization","authors":"T. Rutherford, David G. Tarr","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4570","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a seven-region comparative static computable general equilibrium model of Russia to assess the impact of accession to the World Trade Organization on these seven regions (the federal okrugs) of Russia. In order to assess poverty and distributional impacts, the model includes ten households in each of the seven federal okrugs, where household data are taken from the Household Budget Survey of Rosstat. The model allows for foreign direct investment in business services and endogenous productivity effects from additional varieties of business services and goods, which the analysis shows are crucial to the results. National welfare gains are about 4.5 percent of gross domestic product in the model, but in a constant returns to scale model they are only 0.1 percent. All deciles of the population in all seven federal okrugs can be expected to significantly gain from Russian World Trade Organization accession, but due to the capacity of their regions to attract foreign direct investment, households in the Northwest region gain the most, followed by households in the Far East and Volga regions. Households in Siberia and the Urals gain the least. Distribution impacts within regions are rather flat for the first nine deciles; but the richest decile of the population in the three regions that attract a lot of foreign investment gains significantly more than the other nine representative households in those regions.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123714003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Trade Remedies and Non-Market Economies: Economic Implications of the First Us Countervailing Duty Case on China 贸易救济与非市场经济:美国对华第一起反补贴税案的经济含义

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4560

Long Zhao, Yan Wang

{"title":"Trade Remedies and Non-Market Economies: Economic Implications of the First Us Countervailing Duty Case on China","authors":"Long Zhao, Yan Wang","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4560","url":null,"abstract":"In 2007, the United States Department of Commerce altered a 23-year old policy of not applying the countervailing duty law to non-market economies, and initiated eight countervailing and antidumping duty investigations on Chinese imports. The change brings heated debate on trade remedy policies and issues of non-market economies. This study focuses on the first countervailing duty case on imported coated free sheet paper from China and analyzes the implications of this test case for United States-China bilateral trade, and industrial policies in transitioning market economies. The paper also provides a brief review of the economics of subsidies, World Trade Organization rules on subsides and countervailing measures, and United States countervailing duty laws applied to non-market economies. While recently acceded countries should review their domestic development policies from the perspective of economic efficiency and comply with the World Trade Organization rules, it is also important to further clarify the issues of non-market economies under the multilateral trading system, and pay keen attention to the rules negotiations in the current World Trade Organization Doha Development Round.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"59 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132836417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Heterogeneous Quality Firms and Trade Costs 异质性质量企业与贸易成本

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-03-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4550

Matthias Helble, Toshihiro Okubo

引用次数: 36

Competition and Demographics 竞争与人口统计

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4514

M. Amin

引用次数: 5

Attitudes to Equality: The Socialist Legacy Revisited 对平等的态度:重新审视社会主义遗产

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4529

M. Murthi, Erwin R. Tiongson

{"title":"Attitudes to Equality: The Socialist Legacy Revisited","authors":"M. Murthi, Erwin R. Tiongson","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4529","url":null,"abstract":"It is routinely assumed that residents of post-socialist countries have a preference for greater income equality, other things being equal, owing to the legacy of socialism. This proposition is examined in the context of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union using data from three waves of the World Values Survey. Contrary to expectations, the authors find little evidence of a 'socialist legacy' en bloc. Considering the former Soviet Union separately from other post-socialist countries, the analysis finds that as a group these countries display significantly lower preference for moving toward greater income equality than both Eastern Europe and other comparator groups (developed and developing countries). These findings hold up even when controlling for the conventional determinants of attitudes such as income level and employment status of the individual respondent, as well as national factors such as per-capita income and its distribution. Moreover, the preference for greater income inequality appears to have persisted at least since the mid-1990s and possibly since the early 1990s (data difficulties preclude a robust examination of this latter question). The results are consistent with the fairly low levels of public spending on redistribution commonly found in the former Soviet Union.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132403577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

How to Interpret the Growing Phenomenon of Private Tutoring: Human Capital Deepening, Inequality Increasing, or Waste of Resources? 如何解读日益增长的私教现象:人力资本深化、不平等加剧，还是资源浪费?

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4530

Hai-Anh H. Dang, F. H. Rogers

引用次数: 69

Achieving Accelerated and Shared Growth in Ghana: A MAMS-Based Analysis of Costs and Opportunities 在加纳实现加速和共享增长:基于mms的成本和机会分析

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4523

Ž. Bogetić, M. Bussolo, D. Medvedev

{"title":"Achieving Accelerated and Shared Growth in Ghana: A MAMS-Based Analysis of Costs and Opportunities","authors":"Ž. Bogetić, M. Bussolo, D. Medvedev","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-4523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-4523","url":null,"abstract":"This paper relies on the recently developed Maquette for Millennium Development Goals Simulations (MAMS) model to assess the consistency of alternative scaling-up and policy packages for growth and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals in Ghana. In the baseline scenario, Ghana's strong near and medium-term growth outlook puts it in a good position to achieve the poverty Millennium Development Goal ahead of schedule, but other goals are likely to remain elusive before 2015. In the accelerated growth scenario-which addresses the major gaps in water and sanitation and other infrastructure-even more rapid growth and poverty reduction are possible, but important targets in the areas of education, health, and environment remain unattainable. Although growth is complementary to achievement of the Millennium Development Goals, the authors also find important growth-human development trade-offs in the near term. The estimates show that the resource requirements for achieving the key Millennium Development Goals by 2015 are large, reaching US$82 per capita in an illustrative foreign-grant financed scenario. Increased intake and retention of students contribute to rising scarcity of unskilled labor, buttressing unskilled wages, while high demand for skills from the sectors related to the Millennium Development Goals raises the returns to human capital. These developments lead to improvements in the welfare of the poorest members of Ghanaian society and contribute to a small reduction in overall inequality.","PeriodicalId":348271,"journal":{"name":"World Bank: Rural Development (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131864831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Valuing Access to Water - A Spatial Hedonic Approach Applied to Indian Cities 重视水资源获取——印度城市的空间享乐主义方法

World Bank: Rural Development (Topic) Pub Date : 2008-02-01 DOI: 10.1596/1813-9450-4533

L. Anselin, Nancy Lozano‐Gracia, U. Deichmann, Somik V. Lall

引用次数: 25