Istoricheskaia etnologiia最新文献_第6页

Tribal relations – a relic or a reality? 部落关系——遗迹还是现实?

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.359-370

M. M. Davletiyarov

{"title":"Tribal relations – a relic or a reality?","authors":"M. M. Davletiyarov","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.359-370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.359-370","url":null,"abstract":"The article sets the task of identifying the features of the tribal structure, tribal relations among the Karakalpaks and their manifestations in the everyday culture of the people. Among the Karakalpaks, tribal communities are called ury. The generic structure itself is a complex hierarchy. The clans are united into two large arys – konyrat and on tort ury. Each of the arys is divided into urў, urў into tiira. In turn, tiire is divided into koshe. Each family group has its own name. The meaning of uraў is manifested in social and family life, in particular, in marital relations, when marriage is regulated by belonging to a certain genus. Karakalpaks in most cases marry between persons who are not related – uryўlas, that is, who are not relatives. The role of the ury is manifested in family relations. Most people retain family ties, regardless of the generation in which they intersect, and try not to interrupt communication with representatives of their kind. The idea of a common origin is very important for them, it serves to preserve the common genus. Preservation of family ties is the custom of appointing muryndyk ata and ene for newlyweds. Family unity is observed in funeral rites. Until the present time, the tradition of burying the deceased in the family cemetery has been preserved and relatives strictly adhere to it. It is not uncommon that the deceased is brought from afar for that. The previously existing principle of settlement according to tribal affiliation has lost its significance in modern conditions.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Karakalpak relationship terminology and its reflection in etiquette behavior 卡拉卡尔帕克关系术语及其在礼仪行为中的反映

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.398-413

Madiyar B. Utebaev

{"title":"Karakalpak relationship terminology and its reflection in etiquette behavior","authors":"Madiyar B. Utebaev","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.398-413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.398-413","url":null,"abstract":"Kinship terminology in the traditional culture represents an ethnocultural phenomenon, in which specific features of the stages of the historical development of a certain people are recognized, as well as the forms of social organization that reflect the mentality and norms of behavioral culture. In the study we undertook the analysis of special literature and the collection of field materials conducted in rural areas (auls) of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The method descriptive analysis was applied to study the main material. This article discusses the system of kinship terms among the Karakalpaks, its classification, both along the “consanguineous” line (for example, parents, brothers, uncles, etc.) and along the line of “properties” (for example, relatives of the husband and wife from the side speaker, etc.). In addition to the main terms of paternal and maternal kinship, the author collected a large number of special euphemisms (i.e. “nicknames”) used by the Karakalpak daughter-in-law in relation to her husband’s relatives and his fellow villagers. This as aspect is of interest for ethnolinguistic analysis. In the course of the study, all the main terms and special vocatives were collected in order to analyze their description in the system of stereotyped behavior of members of a kindred community and related norms of etiquette, determined by gender, age and social factors from an ethnographic point of view. It should be noted that the kinship terms of the Karakalpaks are largely similar to the kinship terms of other Turkic-speaking peoples of Central Asia and Altai in the works of Turkologists and ethnographers, which reveal the etymology of terms, lexical semantics, relics of archaism and social stereotypes of behavior.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New frontiers of research of ethno-social processes in the Russian regions 俄罗斯地区民族社会进程研究的新领域

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.335-342

G. Gabdrakhmanova, G. Makarova

引用次数: 0

Maryam Bubi: the forgotten hero of the Bubi dynasty 玛丽安·布比:布比王朝被遗忘的英雄

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-1.77-99

A. G. Khairutdinov

引用次数: 0

Tatar language in schools with an ethnocultural (Mari, Mordovian, Udmurt, Chuvash) component in the Republic of Tatarstan 鞑靼斯坦共和国具有民族文化成分(马里语、摩尔多瓦语、乌德穆尔特语、楚瓦什语)学校的鞑靼语教学

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.329-334

T. R. Khusnutdinov

引用次数: 0

Behavior practices of a “new woman” in the conditions of mass famine in early 1920s 20世纪20年代初大饥荒条件下“新女性”的行为实践

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.213-220

Denis Davydov, O. Kozlova

{"title":"Behavior practices of a “new woman” in the conditions of mass famine in early 1920s","authors":"Denis Davydov, O. Kozlova","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-2.213-220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-2.213-220","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the behavioral practices of a \"new woman\" in the conditions of mass famine in the early 1920s. It is noted that this social group was inconsiderable in number, but its influence in public life was very high. The author draws attention to the social origin of the representatives of this social group, the level of their education, the specifics of the worldview formation based on the ideals of universal equality and justice. It was noted that the behavior of the “new women” in conditions of mass starvation significantly differed from the generally accepted patterns, such as seeking help from the authorities, migrating to other regions, selling property, begging and other social deviations. The desire to contribute to the construction of a socialist society led to the ignorance of the problem of hunger and a reorientation from their daily life to social life. This was manifested in the behavior of the “new woman” in the form of collecting funds for the needs of the hungry, selfless work, refusal to relocate to prosperous areas. Social class background – origin from peasants and workers, high involvement in social activities, young age, membership in the Komsomol organisation were the factors that formed non-standard options for survival in the situation of mass famine among the “new women”. It is concluded that the conditions of hunger contributed to the strengthening of the social positions of the “new women”, their further advancement on the social ladder. The downside of strengthening the social position of the “new women” was the further erosion of the foundations of their traditional perception of the world based on family and motherhood.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68346406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Horticultural and melon-growing traditions among the karakalpaks 卡拉卡尔帕克人的园艺和西瓜种植传统

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.371-387

Z. Kurbanova

{"title":"Horticultural and melon-growing traditions among the karakalpaks","authors":"Z. Kurbanova","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.371-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.371-387","url":null,"abstract":"The article raises the problem of the development of traditional agriculture branches among the Karakalpaks – horticulture and melon growing. The purpose of the article is to consider the features of traditional agrarian practices among the Karakalpaks, their significance in the modern life of the people, and the identification of transformations in them. To build a fuller picture, the methods and skills accumulated by the people and allowing them to engage successfully in agriculture have been analyzed. The include the centuries-old experience of using the irrigation system in the Amu Darya delta, leaching, soil fertilization, the use of various technologies by the local population in cultivating the land, types of fruit crops, an agricultural calendar which was used to determine agricultural work, a phenological calendar that predicts the weather. The study showed that the natural and geographical features of Karakalpakstan formed their own agricultural culture among the inhabitants of the region and contributed to the development of certain skills in this industry, thanks to which it was possible to obtain high yields. In addition to analyzing literary sources, the author draws on his own field materials, which were collected during an ethnographic expedition to the areas with the most developed agrarian traditions. The obtained information provided an opportunity to trace the development of horticulture and melon growing, the impact of the ecological crisis on these branches of management, to identify the features of traditional agricultural skills and knowledge, and demonstrate their importance in the modern life of Karakalpaks.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68346670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction (to the Special topic of the issue: Food Supply Problems in Regions) 导言(本期专题:区域粮食供应问题)

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-2.192-197

I. Khanipova

引用次数: 0

Identification of Muslim burial sites at the Zehrensdorf prisoner of war cemetery 在泽伦斯多夫战俘公墓查明穆斯林墓地

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.507-527

Markus Schlaffke

引用次数: 0

Mazars as memorial monuments of Karakalpakstan of the 18th – early 20th centuries 马扎是18世纪至20世纪初卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦的纪念纪念碑

Istoricheskaia etnologiia Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.22378/he.2022-7-3.414-431

Makset A. Karlibaev

{"title":"Mazars as memorial monuments of Karakalpakstan of the 18th – early 20th centuries","authors":"Makset A. Karlibaev","doi":"10.22378/he.2022-7-3.414-431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/he.2022-7-3.414-431","url":null,"abstract":"The article studies the monuments of grave architecture of the Karakalpaks of the 18th – early 20th centuries: uishik, sagana, fence and gumbez. The most common form of such buildings is a fence of adobe walls, which does not have coatings. In fact, they were built around the burial place of the deceased, while the gumbez, or domed mausoleum, was often built next to the burial place. Sagana is a closed building, built over the burial. It essentially repeats the shape of an uishik – a tombstone made of different reeds. If the sagana and the fence have analogies among the neighboring peoples – Kazakhs and Uzbeks, then the Karakalpak gumbez is a unique monument of material culture. Fences in the region of the South Aral Sea, which includes Karakalpakstan, were formed in the Middle Ages. There is an opinion that the appearance of the Muslim mausoleum (gumbez, dome) is associated with the Arab tent \"kubba\" for praying over the grave of the deceased. The \"mausoleum tradition\" in the burial culture of Muslims spread far beyond the Aral Sea region. A special reverence for the cult of saints, strongly associated with Sufism, could be the culture of the previous period (for example, the Golden Horde), against which the construction of domed mausoleums was widely spread. The literature also mentions another type of buildings – zhai, which, from the author’a pointof view, is an intermediate type between a fence and a gumbez. Karakalpaks call the actual fences \"zhai\", as among the Kazakhs the word \"tam\" (house) is used. Kazakh fences are distinguished by the presence of corner tops – \"tort qulaq\" (four ears). In the 20th century in Karakalpakstan, the most common type of tomb structures became just this type – fences made of burnt bricks with four finials at the corners. Architectural monuments as objects of the material culture of the people require special attention from both the public and the state, they need measures to preserve and protect them.","PeriodicalId":34778,"journal":{"name":"Istoricheskaia etnologiia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68347297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0