{"title":"Design of Analysis System for Driving Behaviour at Bus Stops","authors":"Kuei-Jung Hung, Chia-Ming Tsai, Yun-Chu Tsai, Ya-Wen Hsu, Chiao-Sheng Wang, Chia-Yun Li, Jau-Woei Perng","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Statistics indicate that many road accidents stem from driver negligence, such as collisions with parked cars, motorcyclists or pedestrians in blind spots. Although numerous studies address bus driver behaviour, most focus on freeways rather than urban streets. This paper introduces a safety assessment system (SAS) utilising existing onboard cameras on buses, eliminating the need for additional sensors. The SAS evaluates city bus drivers' behaviour when entering and exiting bus stops (ELBS), considering three key factors: entry velocity, head turn frequency to assess surroundings, and estimated distance from the road boundary upon arrival (DBR). Leveraging image and global positioning system (GPS) data, the system establishes risk levels for each scenario, aiding in identifying safe driving practices. To validate its feasibility, a professional survey was conducted, confirming alignment between the designed scoring scale and survey results.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145038179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing Smart City Security: An Intrusion Detection System Using Machine Learning Methods With the UNB CIC IoT 2023 Dataset","authors":"Mehdi Houichi, Faouzi Jaidi, Adel Bouhoula","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70014","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Smart cities, characterised by their extensive use of IoT devices, aim to enhance urban living through improved efficiency, sustainability and quality of life. However, the widespread integration of IoT technology introduces significant cybersecurity challenges, including vulnerabilities to cyberattacks, data breaches and infrastructure resilience issues. Addressing these challenges is critical to realising the full potential of smart city initiatives. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) play a vital role in safeguarding smart city environments. Numerous studies have explored various IDS methodologies, yet the dynamic and complex nature of smart city IoT networks demands continuous advancements. In this article, we present a novel IDS approach that leverages machine learning techniques to enhance the detection and prevention of cyber threats in smart cities. Utilising the UNB CIC IoT 2023 Dataset, we develop and evaluate multiple models, including Random Forest Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, KNN and AdaBoost. Our proposed IDS framework emphasises real-time threat detection ensuring both low latency and high accuracy. Through comprehensive data preprocessing and rigorous model training, our system demonstrates exceptional performance in identifying and neutralising cyber threats. The findings from this research reveal significant improvements in the security and privacy of smart city IoT infrastructures highlighting the effectiveness of integrating advanced AI methodologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina De Sanctis, Ludovico Iovino, Maria Teresa Rossi
{"title":"Ethical Risk Traceability in Smart City KPIs Assessment","authors":"Martina De Sanctis, Ludovico Iovino, Maria Teresa Rossi","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interest in smart city initiatives is continuously growing, and so is the interest in measuring their smartness and sustainability. The value of a Smart City is proved by comparing its results with sustainability goals and by measuring the benefits delivered to stakeholders, citizens and city authorities. For this reason, supporting the monitoring and evolution of smart cities is a challenging and crucial task. This can be accomplished by using key performance indicators (KPIs), which, in turn, inform the decision-making processes of smart city governance. However, ethical implications in KPIs evaluation may be hidden within the measurement process. For example, low trustworthiness of data sources used to collect KPIs input parameters can affect evaluation results without KPIs experts being aware of these implications. Ethical implications that could represent a perceived violation of an ethical value should be highlighted when KPIs results are proposed to stakeholders. In this paper, we have integrated an ethical risk traceability mechanism into <span>MIKADO</span>, a tool that we designed for assessing KPIs in smart cities. This mechanism involves both KPIs and ethics experts in the evaluation process, ensuring that the KPI assessment results—presented through dashboards obtained through code generation—include warnings about potential ethical issues. The extended framework has been evaluated by experts in the field during a dedicated focus group, who confirmed its usefulness in identifying ethical implications in the evaluation of smart city KPIs, with the aim of tracing ethical risks, and supporting ethics experts in carrying out this task.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144920550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to ‘Sense (and) the City: From Internet of Things Sensors and Open Data Platforms to Urban Observatories’","authors":"","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Kumar, V., et al. Sense (and) the city: from Internet of Things sensors and open data platforms to Urban observatories. <i>IET Smart Cities</i>. 6(4), 291–311 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1049/smc2.12081.</p><p>‘This work has been funded in part by EPSRC Grant EP/P016782/1 and an Industrial CASE award supported by BT.’ was incorrect. This should have read: ‘This work has been funded in part by EPSRC Grant EP/P016782/1 and an EPSRC Industrial CASE award [EP/R511857/1] supported by BT.’</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144915024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usama Antuley, Sufian Hameed, Shahbaz Siddiqui, Syed Attique Shah
{"title":"Securing Smart City Ecosystems: A Taxonomy-Based Review of Emerging Technologies and Frameworks for Scalable Collaborative Services","authors":"Usama Antuley, Sufian Hameed, Shahbaz Siddiqui, Syed Attique Shah","doi":"10.1049/smc2.70007","DOIUrl":"10.1049/smc2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The smart city concept integrates various collaborative services to enhance urban living. However, these services introduce significant security concerns, especially in authentication, authorisation, and access control (AAA). To address these security challenges, researchers must design and implement frameworks that safeguard data exchange between smart services. This paper offers a taxonomy-based review of current solutions, focusing on how emerging technologies like Blockchain, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum computing, and hybrid approaches address AAA concerns. We evaluate these technologies based on key factors such as confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA), trust, privacy, and scalability. Through a systematic review of literature from 2017 to 2024, we classify and assess methods that strengthen authentication, optimise access control, and refine authorisation processes to mitigate risks in data sharing. A major contribution of this paper is the integration of case studies, demonstrating real-world applications of these technologies in smart city contexts. Additionally, we explore the applicability of these solutions, highlighting their challenges and future potential. This research also outlines future directions for building secure, efficient, and scalable smart city ecosystems, ultimately facilitating the development of adaptable frameworks for smart city services.</p>","PeriodicalId":34740,"journal":{"name":"IET Smart Cities","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/smc2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145128947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}