Smart Energy最新文献

{"title":"Current and emerging waste-to-energy technologies: A comparative study with multi-criteria decision analysis","authors":"Shivaraj Chandrakant Patil ,&nbsp;Corinna Schulze-Netzer ,&nbsp;Magnus Korpås","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the rise in waste crisis and the possibility of energy utilization from waste, there has been increasing interest in waste-to-energy (WtE) conversion technologies, which requires intense scientific attention. There are diverse WtE technologies that apply to different waste types and require multidisciplinary decision support. The paper applies a Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) tool to compare their economic, technological, socio-cultural, and environmental aspects to help identify the most promising choice. The comparison used in this study concerns four widely used technologies: Incineration (INC), Anaerobic Digestion (AD), Gasification (GAS), and Pyrolysis (PYR), and one emerging WtE conversion technology, Hydro-thermal Carbonization (HTC). The Comparison criteria are divided into four main criteria and fifteen sub-criteria. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) model was implemented using ’SuperDecisions’ software to make pairwise comparisons of identified criteria and to rank the WtE technology alternatives. Thirty-two international studies were shortlisted to gather data and provide input into the AHP model. The results show that the environmental factors are prioritized with a priority vector of 0.56. Further, the study concludes that the most suitable WtE technology, based on chosen parameters, is AD, followed by HTC, INC, and PYR with the priority vectors of 0.348, 0.201, 0.162, and 0.148, respectively, provided applicability. The emerging technology, HTC, is found to be the second most suitable technology. Further, the results represent the hierarchy structure arranged so that the main components are divided into sub-components with alternatives at the structure’s base, and the ’SuperDecisions’ model based on this hierarchy can be used in the future to find suitable WtE technology for a specific city with the necessary input for identified main and sub-criteria. This research not only provides a structured comparison of WtE technologies but also offers a scalable AHP framework that can be adapted for specific municipal contexts in future studies. By addressing the diverse needs of decision-makers across different regions, our model contributes to a more nuanced understanding of WtE technology selection and lays the groundwork for incorporating local policies and regulations in subsequent research phases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000273/pdfft?md5=d09ea75c7df06468cfc89c10a57bc0bd&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000273-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142315407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of brief in-survey product experience on preferences for smart energy technologies","authors":"Stepan Vesely,&nbsp;Gloria Amaris,&nbsp;Christian A. Klöckner","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Survey research on the adoption of smart energy technologies is growing rapidly, generating important knowledge about factors on the consumer side that may help facilitate transition towards sustainable energy systems. However, much of this research uses survey measures to elicit consumer preferences without explicit consideration of whether and how in-survey experience with the technologies affects preference estimates. For this reason, we experimentally test (for the first time) whether brief in-survey product experience, mainly in the form of additional time spent deliberating about relevant products, influences stated consumer preferences for smart energy monitoring and management apps. Findings obtained in our first experiment conducted in the United Kingdom suggest modest effects of in-survey product experience on consumer preferences, where consumer preferences can be both strengthened or weakened depending on the type of in-survey product experience. These findings are, however, not replicated in our second experiment conducted in Spain. The Spanish experiment, nonetheless, suggests that brief in-survey product experience can help participants make more reasoned choices better reflecting their environmental concern and income constraints. Our results point to possible ways how to improve the reliability of stated preference surveys by providing respondents with adequate in-survey experience with unfamiliar products.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266695522400025X/pdfft?md5=13e902ec5ea4db2e6cd8085030831554&pid=1-s2.0-S266695522400025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142242720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Presentation of a distributed testing infrastructure for joint experiments across multiple remote laboratories for robust development of new district heating concepts","authors":"Lilli Frison ,&nbsp;Urs Gumbel ,&nbsp;Simone Steiger ,&nbsp;Herbert Sinnesbichler ,&nbsp;Benedikt Ahrens ,&nbsp;Dennis Lottis ,&nbsp;Matthias Wecker ,&nbsp;Anna Marie Cadenbach","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>4th-generation district heating networks confront numerous challenges such as integrating decentralized renewable energy sources, bidirectional heat transfer, new storage concepts, low-temperature operation, custom heat supply, data management, and advanced control strategies. Laboratory and hardware-in-the-loop testing offer a safe, cost-effective environment for testing and validating these innovations. This paper presents a framework for joint experiments in multiple remote laboratories, enhancing the testing of district heating system components. This distributed testbed enhances the efficiency of testing by utilizing existing equipment and expertise from various laboratories, thereby reducing costs and time and allowing for more scenarios to test. It targets manufacturers, grid operators, and research institutions, facilitating collaborative lab work for technology testing before field deployment. This approach allows for diverse test scenarios, considering component interactions across different locations without identical hardware or software. The framework's efficacy is shown in a proof-of-concept with a low-temperature district heating network integrated across four Fraunhofer Institutes. An initial experiment connects a test building and a ground-source heat pump physically existing in different labs with emulated models of a district heating network and a geothermal source. Results from a three-week operation validate the framework's performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000224/pdfft?md5=61b738d44dc521f74a546417b15f3c25&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000224-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141992700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzing the flexibility potential of bus fleet operators in Germany","authors":"Benjamin Blat Belmonte ,&nbsp;Georg Avemarie ,&nbsp;Nils Roloff ,&nbsp;Benedikt Öhrig ,&nbsp;Stephan Rinderknecht","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The transition to smart energy systems is a crucial component for ensuring sustainability and reducing carbon emissions. Electrification is a key factor in achieving these goals, with the transport sector being an integral part of the equation. The integration of the transport sector with the electricity sector will facilitate a reduction in carbon emissions. This paper assesses the potential of electric bus depots to function as smart energy infrastructures. Analyzing the energetic system flexibility of the electrified public transport system is at the core. Previous studies emphasize the importance of identifying and managing the optimal operation strategies of electrified transport to achieve system flexibility. This work concentrates on Germany as a reference market for balancing and electricity markets at the center of the EU. The flexibility potential of a bus fleet with 80 electric buses is analyzed under optimal participation in the short-term electricity and balancing market. The bus fleet operator acts as a storage systems aggregator, which combines mobile and stationary storages to enhance energy flexibility. The study measures the potential contribution for the stability of the electricity grid in Germany. The additional battery degradation that arises with the provision of balancing services is part of the economic equation. The analysis is based on historical data from 2020, 2021, and 2022 and investigates hypothetically lower and higher demand for balancing energy in the load-frequency control area of Germany and Denmark. The paper concludes by demonstrating the feasibility of the electrified bus depot as an integral component of smart energy systems. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the electrification of transport, sector integration, and the role of infrastructures in achieving smart energy systems and showcases the attractiveness of this business model.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100153"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000236/pdfft?md5=5cca1fe3b5a579bd9f8678e43e379289&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142006301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal large-scale thermal energy storage in an evolving district heating system – Long-term modeling of interconnected supply and demand","authors":"Karl Vilén,&nbsp;Erik O. Ahlgren","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Given the strong seasonal nature of heating demands, peak heat is important during colder seasons. Instead of peak heat plants, seasonal large-scale thermal energy storage (TES) could be utilized. These can be charged during warmer seasons and discharged when required, decreasing the need for peak heat plants. Systems modelling studies on seasonal TES are lacking. Thus, a long-term local energy system model is applied under different scenarios to investigate the potential roles of seasonal TES in an evolving heating system. The results show that seasonal TES is economically viable for: all future electricity price cases for low TES construction costs, corresponding to repurposing of underground oil storages, and for most electricity price cases for mid- and high construction costs, corresponding to new underground excavations. Seasonal TES mainly decrease the investments in and usage of electric boilers or biogas boilers, while increase the utilization of heat pumps. Other technologies may be affected depending on the future trajectory of electricity price developments. The size of the TES is between 3 and 7% of the annual district heating heat demand, depending on construction cost and electricity price development. The expansion of district heating into new housing is mostly unaffected by the availability of TES.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000261/pdfft?md5=6b5bbb390ab00cb63a3b525502e41ff1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142083178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating district heating potentials into European energy system modelling: An assessment of cost advantages of renewable and excess heat","authors":"Anna Billerbeck ,&nbsp;Christiane Bernath ,&nbsp;Pia Manz ,&nbsp;Gerda Deac ,&nbsp;Anne Held ,&nbsp;Jenny Winkler ,&nbsp;Ali Kök ,&nbsp;Mario Ragwitz","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper takes a novel modelling approach by considering high spatial resolution heat generation potentials for district heating and integrating them into a European energy system model. Subsequently, a modelling analysis of an integrated energy system including district heating, electricity and hydrogen supply for 25 EU Member States and the year 2050 is carried out. In contrast to existing approaches, the modelling approach captures the heterogeneous resource availability in district heating. The results show multivalent district heating networks based on a wide range of renewable and excess heat sources used directly or in combination with large-scale heat pumps. The high spatial resolution of the heat generation potentials allows a detailed cost comparison of different possible future technology mixes in district heating. The paper finds that the use of heat pumps, geothermal energy and industrial excess heat offer slight cost advantages for the energy system as a whole. Geothermal heat can also provide cost advantages for district heating generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000200/pdfft?md5=e5a0a2166909afcfadd4282ed0dfdeaa&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000200-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141950754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing grid hosting capacity with coordinated non-firm connections in industrial energy communities","authors":"Sigurd Bjarghov ,&nbsp;Sverre Stefanussen Foslie ,&nbsp;Magnus Askeland ,&nbsp;Rubi Rana ,&nbsp;Henning Taxt","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A significant increase in grid connection requests from industrial customers has lead to long connection queues. Combined with long lead times on grid construction, the result is significant socioeconomic losses due to lack of grid capacity. Distribution system operators (DSO) have therefore introduced non-firm connections as an alternative, where the new grid customer may connect on the condition that the DSO retains the right to disconnect the grid customer if necessary. An option to potential disconnection is for customers to leverage flexibility to stay below an agreed capacity level. Unfortunately, many existing grid customers possess flexibility potential but lack incentives to utilise it. To address this, we propose a “coordinated non-firm connection”, where the new grid customer forms an energy community with existing grid customers to coordinate flexibility and capacity utilisation. To demonstrate technical feasibility and incentive compatibility, we formulate a complementarity model. Applying this model to a case study involving three industrial grid customers, we showcase both technical potential and incentive compatibility. Results illustrate how energy community members engage in capacity trading within a local market, ensuring adherence to grid limitations. The game theory-based model confirms sufficient economic benefit for all members to participate.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000248/pdfft?md5=4a1b81ab158a95020a1a43bca4e3db91&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000248-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transitioning to a renewable hydrogen system: Optimal infrastructure for self-sufficient hydrogen supply in Austria by 2030","authors":"Stefan Strömer,&nbsp;Anton Beck,&nbsp;Matthias Traninger,&nbsp;Dana Orsolits,&nbsp;Stefan Reuter","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we employ an optimization model to optimally design a self-sufficient, independent of any imports and exports, hydrogen infrastructure for Austria by 2030. Our approach integrates key hydrogen technologies within a detailed spatial investment and operation model – coupled with a European scale electricity market model. We focus on optimizing diverse infrastructure components including trailers, pipelines, electrolyzers, and storages to meet Austria's projected hydrogen demand. To accurately estimate this demand in hourly resolution, we combine existing hydrogen strategies and projections to account for developments in various industrial sectors, consider demand driven by the transport sector, and integrate hydrogen demand arising from its use in gas-powered plants. Accounting for the inherent uncertainty linked to such projections, we run the analysis for two complementary scenarios. Our approach addresses the challenges of integrating large quantities of renewable hydrogen into a future energy system by recognizing the critical role of domestic production in the early market stages. The main contribution of this work is to address the gap in optimizing hydrogen infrastructure for effective integration of domestic renewable hydrogen production in Austria by 2030, considering sector coupling potentials, optimal electrolyzer placement, and the design of local hydrogen networks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100151"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000212/pdfft?md5=a159195f153b978370b2b68326e8e6b6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000212-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142076701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the cost competitiveness of sector coupling technologies - Policy impacts on levelised costs of heat pumps and battery electric vehicles in Germany","authors":"Jan Frederick George ,&nbsp;Anne Held ,&nbsp;Jenny Winkler ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Eichhammer ,&nbsp;Mario Ragwitz","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Heat pumps and battery electric vehicles play a crucial role in achieving a climate-neutral economy and integrating the Energy Efficiency First Principle into the building and transport sectors, rendering the overall energy system more efficient. To achieve cost competitiveness of these new technologies compared to conventional ones, investments, operating costs and conversion efficiencies are important. We conducted micro-simulations of the development of levelised cost of heat and transport for these sector coupling technologies to assess the direct cost impact of these parameters. With a broad and in-depth analysis of economies of scale, we determine future bandwidths of investment development. Based on this data, we compared implications of two policy scenarios of taxes and levies on final energy prices using a German case study. The first scenario considers recently adjusted taxes and levies: the national emissions trading system in 2021 and the abolishment of the electricity levy to finance renewable energy support in 2022. A counterfactual scenario includes previous framework conditions. Our results show that rising carbon and lower electricity prices already economically favour heat pumps from 2020 onwards. In contrast, taxes and levies do not decisively impact the cost competitiveness of battery electric vehicles, but expected reductions in manufacturing cost do.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100149"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000194/pdfft?md5=35e1d2d368b79717ef6d42ac881dfe3d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141841068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scenarios on future electricity storage requirements in the austrian electricity system with high shares of variable renewables","authors":"M. Sayer,&nbsp;A. Ajanovic,&nbsp;R. Haas","doi":"10.1016/j.segy.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segy.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents three scenarios (<em>policy</em>, <em>renewables and electrification</em> and <em>efficiency</em>) for transitioning to a 100 % renewable electricity sector in Austria, based predominantly on wind and photovoltaics, alongside sector-specific electrification. Considering renewable expansion targets and three distinctive weather years from an overall system perspective, the core objective is to minimize variable costs of electricity storage and dispatchable power plants. The model developed determines their optimal dispatch for meeting the underlying electricity demand each hour. Within the scenarios for renewable expansion, a special focus lies on integrating short-duration (batteries), medium-duration (pumped storage hydro) and long-duration (hydrogen) energy storage. Our analysis reveals the significant impact of weather patterns on renewable electricity generation, particularly the differences between winter and summer generation quantities. This necessitates seasonal balancing and the mitigation of extremes like low wind power events, which require corresponding backup capacities. This contrast is particularly evident when comparing the years 2030–2050, wherein in the latter, certain dispatchable generators are only utilized in one of the three underlying weather years during extreme weather conditions. In our paper, we demonstrate how, especially for hydrogen production and storage, weather conditions influence production levels and the re-electrification demand. The results indicate the feasibility of achieving a fully decarbonized energy system in Austria through suitable policy measures and expanded renewable generation, with long-duration storage playing a crucial role in seasonal balance and compensating for the absence of fossil fuel generation. Strategic planning is essential to aligning the expansion of renewable energy generation with the necessary flexibility.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":34738,"journal":{"name":"Smart Energy","volume":"15 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666955224000182/pdfft?md5=ba63ecdc48d38a5c73052ce407d36bf8&pid=1-s2.0-S2666955224000182-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141606944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}