{"title":"Challenges and opportunities in the industrial usage controller synthesis tools: A review of LTL-based opensource tools for automated control design","authors":"Amar Banerjee, Venkatesh Choppella","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Controller synthesis is pivotal in automating control system design from formal specifications and enhancing industrial system verification and optimization processes. This paper critically evaluates LTL-based controller synthesis, highlighting significant gaps in tool support that hinder its widespread adoption in the industry. Despite substantial theoretical progress, an apparent disparity persists between academic research outcomes and the robust, practical tools demanded by industry. Through a comprehensive evaluation, this study reveals mismatches between industrial requirements and the capabilities of current open-source tools. The findings emphasize underexplored challenges and propose future research directions and strategies for practical integration. This work aims to bridge the gap by advocating for enhanced tool support, enabling solutions that align with industrial standards and fostering the broader application of controller synthesis across various sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pablo Proaño , Marcelo Pozo , Carlos Gallardo , Oscar Camacho
{"title":"Non-linear PID control of AC current and DC voltage for a photovoltaic system operating on a microgrid","authors":"Pablo Proaño , Marcelo Pozo , Carlos Gallardo , Oscar Camacho","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a nonlinear control strategy to enhance the energy management of electrical power systems, addressing the inherent limitations of traditional linear PI controllers. The proposed approach incorporates a variable gain that dynamically adjusts based on the system error, amplifying the PI controller’s responsiveness without causing output saturation. By introducing quadratic error terms through the gain adjustment, the controller achieves nonlinear behavior. When the system error is significant, the gain increases to expedite correction; as the error approaches zero, the gain decreases, allowing the PI controller to maintain stability around the reference. This adaptive behavior eliminates the need for a derivative component, effectively circumventing challenges posed by electromagnetic noise and rapid system dynamics. A comparative analysis between the proposed nonlinear PI controller and a conventional PI controller is conducted within a photovoltaic microgrid framework. The results highlight the nonlinear controller’s superior performance in achieving robust and accurate control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding issues and challenges posed by LDoS, FRC attacks on cloud environment","authors":"Deepali D. Ahir , Nuzhat F. Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cloud computing has taken the world by storm with its numerous benefits like pay-as-you-go pricing, ease of deployment, and an ecosystem of services. Cloud computing has its share of challenges including security, vendor lock-in, cost in the long run, and configuration complexity. Along with the rise of its use, the threats from malicious actors are going up as well. These attackers either want to take down the services of cloud consumers or to hamper the financial viability of these services by inducing unwanted resource usage or by using cloud resources without the victim's consent. Low-rate denial of service attack (LDoS), and fraudulent resource consumption attack (FRC) are the two most important and widespread attacks which take advantage of the cloud provider's utility pricing and cause heavy financial damage to the victim. In LDoS attacks, the attack rate is kept low to remain undetected, which causes the victim's system to use more resources for a longer time or to lower the quality of service (QoS). FRC, like LDoS, is a low-rate attack, but its main motive is to use resources fraudulently. These attacks are difficult to detect and hence it can cause large financial damage to customers over the long run. The fundamental purpose of detecting and addressing FRC and LDoS is to decrease the financial implications of cloud infrastructure. This paper seeks to evaluate and provide a summary of the tools, techniques, and datasets that can be utilized in the research of FRC and LDoS attacks. To achieve its goal, this paper explains cloud computing, its benefits, and challenges and the security issues in the cloud with a focus on LDoS and FRC. It also summarizes the datasets, tools and attack detection techniques for LDoS and FRC, along with the review of research done in the past on LDoS and FRC detection. It concludes with the challenges in detecting FRC and future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100512"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Bappah Mohammed , Ishaq Abdullahi Baba , Hauwa Danjuma Salihu , Isah Abubakar Ibrahim
{"title":"New class width rule for continuous frequency tables","authors":"Mohammed Bappah Mohammed , Ishaq Abdullahi Baba , Hauwa Danjuma Salihu , Isah Abubakar Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most significant parameter which must be determined before constructing a frequency table or a histogram is the number of classes or class width. Choosing the appropriate number of classes or class remains a long-lasting problem in statistics. Apart from the rules of thumb several more sophisticated rules were reported in the literature. However, none of them has been proven to be better in all situations. In this research, we proposed a new class width rule which can be used when building a frequency table or a histogram. The new class width rule is compared with nine existing classification rules, Sturges, Scott, Freedman and Diaconis, Doane, Terrel and Scott, Cencov, Cochran, Square root, and Rice rules, using the root mean-squared-error (RMSE). The accuracy of the classification rules is assessed using simulations from normal, uniform, exponential, log-normal, and gamma distributions, and also real data. The findings indicated that the proposed rule outperformed the other binning rules for simulations using normal, exponential, log-normal, and gamma distributions. Meanwhile, the square root rule performed better relative to the other classification rules for simulations from the uniform distribution. Comparison using real data showed that the proposed rule performed better than the other classification rules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100506"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Divided opposition strategy in particle swarm framework for constrained optimization problem","authors":"Sarika Jain , Rekha Rani , Pradeep Jangir , Seyed Jalaleddin Mousavirad , Ali Wagdy Mohamed","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In nature inspired algorithms, population initialization techniques play an important role to find an optimal solution. In this study, we proposed a novel population initialization technique Divided opposition-based learning Particle Swarm Optimization (D-PSO). This technique is inspired by Opposition Based Learning (OBL). D-PSO is a technique in which elements of initial population are uniformly cover the search space so the possibility of obtaining the optimal solution is highest. To validate the results D-PSO is tested on 16 benchmark functions for dimensions 10 and 30 and 12 CEC22 functions along with standard PSO, OBL-PSO, I-PSO. In standard PSO elements of initial population is randomly generated and in OBL-PSO elements of initial population are generated using OBL technique. I-PSO generate initial population elements using improved OBL technique. D-PSO gives better outcomes for all benchmark functions for dimension 10, 30 and 10 CEC22 function out of 12 as compared to other initialization techniques. To measure the significance of results a statistical analysis is also done in this study. Complexity analysis and convergence analysis is also measured for both set of benchmark functions. The convergence behavior of D-PSO for all benchmark function for dimension 10, 30 and 10 CEC22 function is best as compared to other initialization technique.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100508"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143176358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal control governed impulsive neutral differential equations","authors":"Oscar Camacho , René Erlin Castillo , Hugo Leiva","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle for optimal control problems characterized by nonlinear impulsive neutral type differential equations. Our method utilizes the Dubovitskii–Milyutin theory, assuming that the linear variational impulsive differential equation along the optimal solution is exactly controllable. This principle offers necessary conditions for identifying optimal solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143092455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oscar Danilo Montoya , Walter Gil-González , Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña , Rubén Iván Bolaños , Jorge Ardila-Rey
{"title":"TSP solution using an exact model based on the branch flow formulation and automatic cases generation via the Julia software","authors":"Oscar Danilo Montoya , Walter Gil-González , Luis Fernando Grisales-Noreña , Rubén Iván Bolaños , Jorge Ardila-Rey","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is a classical optimization problem with practical applications in logistics, transportation, and network design. This research proposes an efficient mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model based on the branch flow formulation which prevents the formation of sub-tours during the solution process and guarantees valid optimal routes. Implemented in Julia with the JuMP optimization package and the HiGHS solver, the model achieves high computational efficiency. Unlike classical models, the branch flow formulation ensures a quadratic constraint growth, rather than an exponential one, significantly enhancing scalability. Benchmark tests on various instances (Eil51, Eil76, KroA100) demonstrate results comparable to state-of-the-art combinatorial optimizers, and six new TSP instances, ranging from 50 to 300 cities, validate the model’s performance. This scalable and robust approach is well-suited for real-world applications in supply chain management, network optimization, and urban planning, and it shows potential for future extensions to dynamic or multi-objective TSP variants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143128241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M.J. Mahmoodabadi , N. Nejadkourki , M. Yousef Ibrahim
{"title":"Optimal fuzzy robust state feedback control for a five DOF active suspension system","authors":"M.J. Mahmoodabadi , N. Nejadkourki , M. Yousef Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100504","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100504","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active suspension systems are integral to modern vehicles, enhancing driving comfort by addressing road irregularities and isolating the vehicle's interior from vibrations. In this research, we construct an active suspension system with five degrees of freedom (DOF) and find the best fuzzy robust state feedback controller to control it. While designing the state feedback controller, we considered the initial errors in the relative displacement and acceleration as well as their derivatives. A singleton fuzzifier, center average russification, and product inference engine are all control parameters managed by a fuzzy system. Optimization using the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) is then used to determine the optimal gains for the controller that has been constructed. The technique uses two objective functions for depreciation: the body's acceleration, the relative displacement between the tire and sprung mass. Results show that the suggested active suspension system is better than that of previous studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100504"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142745046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A pursuit-evasion game robot controller design based on a neural network with an improved optimization algorithm","authors":"Mustafa Wassef Hasan, Luay G. Ibrahim","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A pursuit-evasion game (PEG) is a type of game that utilizes one or several cooperative pursuers to capture one or several evaders. The PEG game concept has been used in different multi-robot applications such as transportation or navigation applications, search and rescue, surveillance applications such as collision avoidance and air traffic control systems, multi-defense applications such as missile guidance systems, and medical applications such as analyzing biological behaviors. Regardless of the benefits of PEG, one of the main drawbacks of such systems is the computational burden and the immense time required to learn such systems. For this reason, this work proposes a neural network game based on the pursuit-evasion game, where the leader (evader) robot tries to eat several particles/apples distributed inside a closed game environment with boundary and inner obstacles. In contrast, a follower (pursuer) robot tries to capture the leader robot and stop the particle-eating process. The leader and follower robots were designed based on a differential two-wheel robot (DTWR). The neural network is presented to control and learn the leader and follower robot directions with respect to the boundary and inside obstacles in the game environment. The neural network weights are learned using an improved sine cosine algorithm based on chaotic theory (ISCACT). The ISCACT is proposed to solve and avoid the proposed game of being trapped in the local minimum problem. The ISCACT is tested based on five multimodal benchmark functions. The ISCACT has been used in two cases, the first case arises when ISCACT is used in the follower robot’s learning process. In the second case, the ISCACT has been used in the leader robot’s learning process. The results for the first and second cases prove the superiority of the ISCACT compared with other existing works in enhancing the PEG performance time and reducing the computational burden for multi-robot applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100503"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142720549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prediction of seam strength of cotton canvas fabric using fuzzy logic","authors":"Elias Khalil , Mahmuda Akter","doi":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.rico.2024.100502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the application of fuzzy logic in predicting seam strength in cotton plain canvas fabric, focusing on both warp and weft directions. The precise prediction of seam strength is crucial for manufacturers to uphold quality standards, enhance production efficiency, and minimize waste. The fuzzy logic model in this study uses thread linear density and stitch per inch as input parameters and warp and weft seam strength as output variables. The modeling was conducted using MATLAB, specifically utilizing the Mamdani fuzzy inference system with triangle membership functions. The fuzzy logic model was found to be very accurate, as shown by coefficients of determination (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9841 for the warp way and 0.9888 for the weft way, along with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.992 and 0.9944. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was calculated to be 4.8719 % for the warp way and 4.7561 % for the weft way, each below 5 %, underscoring the model's reliability and robustness in seam strength prediction. This research provides findings with substantial implications for the textile industry, where the application of predictive models is on the rise to enhance production efficiency and product quality. Manufacturers can improve their ability to forecast regarding fabric properties and adjust production processes through the implementation of fuzzy logic models. This approach is consistent with current industry trends emphasizing automation and digitalization, wherein predictive models are essential for facilitating smart manufacturing and quality control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34733,"journal":{"name":"Results in Control and Optimization","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100502"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142705806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}