Problemi tribologii最新文献

{"title":"Ways to increase the wear resistance of pistons of internal combustion engines (review)","authors":"T. Dudchak","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-20-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-20-27","url":null,"abstract":"В статті зроблен аналіз матеріалів, з яких виготовляють поршня для двигунів внутрішнього згоряння. Для автомобільних і тракторних двигунів, зокрема, застосовують евтектоїдні суміші типу АЛ25 і заевтектоїдні, які містять мідь, нікель, магній та марганець. Приведений хімічний склад алюмінієвих сплавів. Поршні для швидкохідних, форсованих тепловозних, середньообертових двигунів виготовляють з сірого або ковкого чавуну (СЧ24-44, СЧ28-48,СЧ32-53), а також легованого присадками ванадію, хрому, титану, міді (ВЧ45-5). Для комбінованих поршнів застосовують жаростійкі сталі типу 20Х3МВФ. Проводяться дослідні роботи над поршнями з титану і вуглепластиків. Поршні з автоматичним регулюванням ступеню стиску дозволяють обмежити теплову і механічну напруженість деталей циліндро-поршневої групи, форсувати двигун по середньому ефективному тиску в 1,5-2 рази, покращити пускові якості, забезпечити можливість використання різних марок палива. Для двигунів внутрішнього згорання, компресорів, насосів та інших поршневих машин пропонується комбінований поршень з мідно-фторопластовими вставками. Вставки з мідно-фторопластової композиції забезпечують нанесення тонкої плівки міді на поверхні тертя на протязі всього ресурсу роботи двигуна, що значно прискорює припрацювання, зменшує задири і натири, збільшує зносостійкість і довговічність деталей ЦПГ. Дані основні недоліки і переваги експлуатаційних характеристик поршнів, виготовленних з різних матеріалів. Зроблен аналіз конструкцій поршнів. Представлені основні вимоги при конструюванні поршнів, це:простота конструкції, і по можливості забезпечення симетричності відносно осі циліндра;мінімальна маса, максимальна міцність і жорсткість, зносостійкість матеріалу;ефективний відвід тепла (охолодження); мінімальна собівартість виготовлення.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43289507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basic approaches and requirements for the design of tribological polymer composite materials with high-modulus fillers","authors":"V. Aulin, A. Hrinkiv, V. Smal, S. Lysenko, M. Pashynskyi, S. Katerynych, O. Livitskyi","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-51-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-51-60","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a combination of a system-oriented approach and a synergetic concept, the requirements for the design of tribological polymer composite materials with high-modulus fillers are formed. These materials are considered as an open dynamic system that evolves during operation. The principles of the synergetic concept for tribotechnical systems taking into account the theory of evolution and self-organization to ensure its self-governing and self-supporting development are considered. It is revealed that in the process of interaction of elements of the tribosystem the cooperation of local areas of their materials is formed with the emergence of a critical number of such areas and the creation of an information field about their functioning. The direction of self-organization of processes and states of parts materials in the tribotechnical system and expediency of using the conclusions of the synergetic concept in the construction of polymer composite materials, as well as their nonequilibrium are shown. The issues of creation of tribophysical bases of wear resistance of tribotechnical systems with conjugations of the details made or strengthened by polymeric composite materials are considered. Polymer composite materials are considered as a set of interacting ensembles of local areas, the principle of maximum wear resistance (reliability) is used. Tribological principles and requirements to creation and substantiation of expediency and efficiency of use of high-modulus fillers in polymers are formulated","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49312354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dependence of the elastic modulus of powder coatings on their porosity in electrical contact hardening","authors":"O. Lopata, I. Smirnov, A. Zinkovskii, L. Lopata","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-28-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-28-33","url":null,"abstract":"The relationship between the elastic modulus and the porosity of powder coatings has been investigated for different methods of their deposition. Porosity is the main means of assessing the quality of coatings and depends on the techniques for their production. A decrease in the elastic modulus of coatings after gas flame spraying is due to the presence of porosity to 30%, and after electric arc spraying – to 20%. The electric contact method of forming coatings makes it possible to reduce porosity to 5-6% and so to bring the value of the elastic modulus of coatings closer to that of compact materials","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49162475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the process of surfacing and vibration deformation during the restoration of plowshares and discs of tillage machines","authors":"D. Marchenko, K. Matvyeyeva","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-34-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-102-4-34-41","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of ploughshare wear is given in the article and the characteristic requirements to the technological process of restoration of their worn surfaces are established. The choice of restoration technology was justified taking into account the nature of defects and the degree of wear of the working surfaces of cutting elements, their material, hardness, design parameters, accuracy of processing and cost of repairs. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the reliability of the cutting elements of the plowshares of tillage machines, restored by different methods, was carried out by comparison with the same indicators of the new ones. Analysis of the condition of restored and new plowshares was carried out on their wear in the process of laboratory and operational tests. Laboratory researches on strengthening of plowshares by a method of vibration deformation were carried out on the specially made installation consisting of the following main knots: vibroexciter IV-105 with adjustable unbalance; hydraulic lifting systems; auxiliary equipment. The deformation rate was regulated by a V-belt double-circuit variator of the pump drive. To study the effect of normal and vibration load on the strength characteristics of the processed material, the study was performed on samples-models, and then - on the details. The samples were new plowshares, experimental studies on which provided the identity of the nature of the course of wear of their cutting elements. It is experimentally established that the hardness of the material on the surface of the blade, depending on the technological process of restoration was: restored by welding tires of steel 45 with surmaite surfacing and vibration hardening - 71-74 HRC; new plowshares made of L-53 steel, subjected to vibration hardening 66-68 HRC; new from 65G steel and strengthened by vibration deformation 57-59 HRC","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43027468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System analysis of friction and wear processes when using fullerene compositions in lubricants","authors":"A. Kravtsov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-15-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-15-25","url":null,"abstract":"The system-structural approach in researches of processes of friction and wear at application of fullerene compositions in lubricants is proved in the work. It is proposed to use a multilevel approach to study and model the processes of deformation of the surface layers of movable and fixed triboelements and the formation on energy-activated surfaces of wear-resistant structures containing fullerene molecules. The essence of the approach is to use multi-scale research methods to build mathematical models within a single research structure. Due to the fact that tribosystems differ in the integrity of the interconnected elements included in them, it is assumed that all processes occur at three hierarchical levels. At this level, they interact with each other and exchange energy and matter. Input and output flows in studies of tribosystems are formulated. It is shown that the input streams include design parameters of the tribosystem, technological parameters, operating parameters. These parameters form the flow of matter, energy and information, which is the input effect on the tribosystem. The output flow from the tribosystem are the parameters: volumetric wear rate I, dimension m3/hour; friction losses, which are estimated by the coefficient of friction f, dimensionless quantity. The output stream is the information flow of the tribosystem. When solving contact problems, this allows to take into account not only the level of stresses, but also the speed of deformation in the materials of the surface layers, as well as the depth of deformation, which in the models will take into account the volume of deformed material.Depending on the tasks and requirements for their solution, the use of different methodological approaches for modeling is justified. It is shown that the application of mathematical models in the modeling of tribological processes depends on the correct choice of technical constraints that determine the range of optimal solutions","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44707409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research of wear resistance of a covering of shafts of the turbocharger of the diesel engine restored by means of a gas-dynamic spraying","authors":"D. Marchenko, K. Matvyeyeva","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-63-69","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-63-69","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis of tribological researches on the most perspective way of restoration of a primary resource of engines by means of a gas-dynamic spraying is resulted in article. It was found that to reduce the coefficient of friction and increase the wear resistance of the coating is theoretically justified the use of copper-zinc powders brand C-01-11, applied by gas-dynamic spraying. It is established that the physical and mechanical properties of the coatings (roughness, microhardness, friction coefficient) on the restored turbocharger meet the requirements of the manufacturer. The coefficient of friction in the connection, the rotor shaft (reduced powder with copper and zinc), with a plain bearing (made of tin-lead bronze Bros - 10 - 10) is 20 % less than in the connection where the rotor shaft is made of steel 40. The total wear in the bearing assembly with the restored gas-dynamic sprayed rotor shaft is 20 % lower than in the assembly where the rotor shaft is restored by the basic technology. The technology of restoration of a surface of a shaft of a rotor of the turbocompressor, under the bearing of sliding (gas-dynamic spraying) which increases its resource by 23 % in comparison with basic technology of repair of a shaft of a rotor is developed. This allows you to increase its operating time with the established regulatory and technical documentation for overhaul of the engine. A stand for testing diesel turbochargers with recovery technology has been developed, which allows to determine the parameters and characteristics of diesel engine turbochargers in different periods of operation, running-in and adjustment. Tests on the stand showed that turbochargers with restored rotor shafts according to the proposed technology after 2000 operating hours increase all performance by 13 % more than turbochargers repaired by the basic technology. Operational tests have shown that turbochargers repaired using the proposed technology have an operating time of 989 moto-hours more than turbochargers repaired with existing technology","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of filter elements on the operation of tribomechanical systems","authors":"M. Dmitrichenko, A. Savchuk, Y. Turitsa, A. Milanenko","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"Oil filter is a part of a gasoline or diesel engine lubrication system designed to clean the engine oil. Depending on where it is installed, the oil filtration system, they are divided into three types: - through-flow filter, which passes through all the oil that the pump feeds into the engine. A pressure regulating by-pass valve is installed upstream of the filter to protect the gaskets with oil seals. If the filter element is too dirty, the valve directs oil flow past the filter, preventing oil starvation of the bearings. Keeps engine from failing due to lack of lubrication; - a partial-flow filter is mounted parallel to the main oil line and cleans only a portion of the oil that enters the engine. Gradually the whole volume of oil passes through the filter element, giving a fairly high cleaning efficiency. However, this method does not provide absolute protection of parts from chips and other abrasives; - the combination filter combines a full-flow and a partial-flow cleaning principle. It consists of two filter elements, one mounted parallel to the oil line and the other cut into it. This ensures maximum cleaning efficiency and long filter life. The filter elements are divided into two types according to their efficiency in removing fine impurities: coarse filters, which remove coarse impurities, and fine filters, which remove fine impurities. According to the design of the housing and the possibility of replacing the filter element, filters are divided into multiple (collapsible) and disposable (non-collapsible). Modern engines may use filters in the form of a cartridge, which is inserted into a special compartment. During operation, the oil is first routed to the filter and then through the oil channels to the interacting parts in the engine. This principle is used on all standard passenger cars. A settling filter (gravity filter) is a tank with a filter element and a settling tank in which impurities are deposited by gravity. The centrifugal filter operates similarly to the gravity filter, only dirt settles in it under the action of centrifugal force resulting from the rotation of the body","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42716143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of lubrication on the friction and wear of car rolling bearings","authors":"O. Dykha, O. Makovkin, S. Posonsky","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-81-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-81-88","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of the work is to develop computational and experimental approaches to determine the wear resistance of friction units with internal contact of cylinders with slip. The scientific novelty consists in taking into account the slip for calculating the friction path and the wear of the cylinders with internal contact and the proposed method for identifying the parameters of the wear law based on the test results. Practical value is the proposed methods to account load, slip and lubrication conditions on the resource for the design of friction units. The dependences for determining the friction path for internal rolling of cylinders have been considered. The design of an experimental setup for studying friction and wear of cylinders with slip has been proposed. Experimental studies have been carried out: paths of friction; wear of surfaces both with a key and without a key; the effect of lubricants on wear has been studied. The form of the wear model is proposed to determine the effectiveness of methods for increasing wear resistance. The method for determining the parameters of the wear law has been implemented based on the test results. The results show the efficiency of copper powder as an additive to a lubricant. It has been established that the wear of cylinders with a key is greater than the wear of cylinders without a key due to different friction paths. A practical example of determining the wear of a car hub shaft using the wear patterns is presented.","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45486350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of the parameters of hydrogen nitrogen nitrogen in a glow discharge on tribological and physico-chemical properties of steel 40X","authors":"N. Stechishina, M. Stechishin, A. Martynyuk, N. Lukianyuk, V. Lyukhovets’, Yu. S. Bilyk","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-31-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-31-41","url":null,"abstract":"One of the modern and effective methods of hardening metals is nitriding in a glow discharge in ammonia or in an anhydrous medium (nitrogen + argon) - BATR. This paper presents the results of experimental studies comparing the results of tribological and physicochemical properties of hardened surfaces obtained by nitriding with autonomous and interconnected BATR modes. The complex of traditionally fixed values of operating parameters (temperature, composition of the gas mixture, pressure and saturation time) without taking into account energy characteristics (voltage, current density and specific discharge power) significantly reduces the technological capabilities of BATR to achieve the necessary physicochemical properties of metal surfaces specified by conditions exploitation. Taking into account the energy characteristics of BATR, a significant reduction in the energy consumption of the nitriding process is achieved. The energy levels of the main subprocesses are significantly different: the formation of nitrides occurs at low energies, surface sputtering occurs at high voltage values, and nitrogen diffusion occurs at increased current density values. In cases where the energy of the flow is insufficient, either a glow discharge may not occur at all, or with a lack of voltage, the nitride ball on the surface is not sprayed and it acts as a barrier that prevents the diffusion process into the inner layers of the metal, which leads to low physicochemical and, correspondingly, tribological indicators of nitrided balls. The quantitative ratio between them and the required operational properties of the metal, respectively, can be achieved only through an independent combination of the energy and operating characteristics of BATR","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45589322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric identification of the mathematical model of the functioning of tribosystems in the conditions of boundary lubrication","authors":"A. Voitov","doi":"10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-6-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31891/2079-1372-2021-101-3-6-14","url":null,"abstract":"The parametric identification of the tribosystem as an object of modeling the functioning of tribosystems in the conditions of boundary lubrication is performed in the work. Using the analysis of the dimensions of significant factors, expressions are obtained to calculate the gain and time constants. It is established that the coefficient takes into account the degree of influence of the load, sliding speed, tribological characteristics of the lubricating medium on the quality factor of the tribosystem. It is shown that the increase in the coefficient will have a positive effect on the processes inherent in tribosystems during operation. Coefficient – characterizes the magnitude of the change in volumetric wear rate and friction coefficient when changing the magnitude of the load, sliding speed, quality factor of the tribosystem. Coefficient – characterizes the ability of the tribosystem to self-organize when changing the values of the input parameters by rearranging the surface layers of materials from which the triboelements are made during secondary running-in. It is shown that the value of the coefficient is large will contribute to the rapid change in the roughness of the friction surfaces, the restructuring of the structure of the surface layers, the appearance of oxidizing films on the friction surfaces (secondary structures). It is proved that the time constant – this is the time required to change the roughness of the friction surfaces and rearrange the structure of the materials of the surface layers when changing external conditions. Time constant characterizes the time during which there is a stabilization of the temperature gradient by volume of triboelements, taking into account the thermal conductivity of materials when changing external conditions. Time constant characterizes the time during which the tribosystem returns to a steady state of operation after the cessation of the outrageous force, or the time to stabilize the parameters in the new mode of operation. It is proved that the value will be optimal for the process of self-organization. It is shown that one of the factors that can control the value , this is the sliding speed","PeriodicalId":34638,"journal":{"name":"Problemi tribologii","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43146980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}