2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design最新文献

{"title":"Syntax-guided synthesis","authors":"R. Alur, R. Bodík, Garvit Juniwal, Milo M. K. Martin, Mukund Raghothaman, S. Seshia, Rishabh Singh, Armando Solar-Lezama, E. Torlak, A. Udupa","doi":"10.3233/978-1-61499-495-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-495-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"The classical formulation of the program-synthesis problem is to find a program that meets a correctness specification given as a logical formula. Recent work on program synthesis and program optimization illustrates many potential benefits of allowing the user to supplement the logical specification with a syntactic template that constrains the space of allowed implementations. Our goal is to identify the core computational problem common to these proposals in a logical framework. The input to the syntax-guided synthesis problem (SyGuS) consists of a background theory, a semantic correctness specification for the desired program given by a logical formula, and a syntactic set of candidate implementations given by a grammar. The computational problem then is to find an implementation from the set of candidate expressions so that it satisfies the specification in the given theory. We describe three different instantiations of the counter-example-guided-inductive-synthesis (CEGIS) strategy for solving the synthesis problem, report on prototype implementations, and present experimental results on an initial set of benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115707611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The design and implementation of the model constructing satisfiability calculus","authors":"Dejan Jovanovic, Clark W. Barrett, L. de Moura","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7027033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7027033","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design and implementation of the Model Constructing Satisfiability (MCSat) calculus. The MCSat calculus generalizes ideas found in CDCL-style propositional SAT solvers to SMT solvers, and provides a common framework where recent model-based procedures and techniques can be justified and combined. We describe how to incorporate support for linear real arithmetic and uninterpreted function symbols m the calculus. We report encouraging experimental results, where MCSat performs competitive with the state-of-the art SMT solvers without using pre-processing techniques and ad-hoc optimizations. The implementation is flexible, additional plugins can be easily added, and the code is freely available.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126340934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verifying periodic programs with priority inheritance locks","authors":"S. Chaki, A. Gurfinkel, O. Strichman","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679402","url":null,"abstract":"Periodic real-time programs are ubiquitous: they control robots, radars, medical equipment, etc. They consist of a set of tasks, each of which executes (in a separate thread) a specific job, periodically. A common synchronization mechanism for such programs is via Priority Inheritance Protocol (PIP) locks. PIP locks have low programming overhead, but cause deadlocks if used incorrectly. We address the problem of verifying safety and deadlock freedom of such programs. Our approach is based on sequentialization - converting the periodic program to an equivalent (non-deterministic) sequential program, and verifying it with a model checker. Our algorithm, called pipVerif, is iterative and optimal - it terminates after sequentializing with the smallest number of rounds required to either find a counterexample, or prove the program safe and deadlock-free. We implemented pipVerif and validated it on a number of examples derived from a robot controller.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"407 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using process modeling and analysis techniques to reduce errors in healthcare","authors":"L. Clarke","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035522","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. As has been widely reported in the news lately, healthcare errors are a major cause of death and suffering. In the University of Massachusetts Medical Safety Project, we are exploring the use of process modeling and analysis technologies to help reduce medical errors and improve efficiency. Specifically, we are modeling healthcare processes using a process definition language and then analyzing these processes using model checking, fault-tree analysis, discrete event simulation, and other techniques. Working with the UMASS School of Nursing and the Baystate Medical Center, we are undertaking in-depth case studies on error-prone and life-critical healthcare processes. In many ways, these processes are similar to complex, distributed systems with many interacting, concurrent threads and numerous exceptional conditions that must be handled carefully. This talk describes the technologies we are using, discusses case studies, and presents our observations and findings to date. Although presented in terms of the healthcare domain, the described approach could be applied to human-intensive processes in other domains to provide a technology-driven approach to process improvement.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"33 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114018177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firmware validation: challenges and opportunities","authors":"J. Grundy","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7031349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7031349","url":null,"abstract":"Firmware validation is driven by imperatives and challenges distinct from those of application level software. In this tutorial we will survey the characteristics of firmware projects, focusing on those that make them particularly challenging and important to validate. Well look at the tasks accomplished using firmware, the environments in which it executes, and how firmware is shaped by the constraints imposed by the greater product development program in which it fits. Finally, well look at some of our experiences in firmware validation and the lessons weve learned from them. Specifically, well be looking for lessons that can help to guide the selection of problems to study and appropriate case studies on which to evaluate them.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122743606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Static verification based signoff - A key enabler for managing verification complexity in the modern soc","authors":"P. Ashar","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035521","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Application-based verification, i.e., partitioning the verification process by verification concerns, has become an important approach for managing verification complexity in the billion-transistor SoC. This new verification paradigm has truly come into focus with the proliferation of layers of complexity in an SoC beyond the baseline complexity of its constituent components. In a sense, the nature of chip complexity has shifted from how much goes into a chip to what goes into a chip. Given a narrow verification concern like clock-domain verification, power, dft, reset analysis etc, the specification, analysis and debug dimensions of the verification problem become meaningfully solvable. This is a new paradigm in a sense because it focuses technologists toward the development of complete solutions and closure for the problem at hand as a whole rather than on just nuts-and-bolts technologies like simulation and ABV. Static formal analysis is able to play a key role in this paradigm for various reasons. With the narrow focus on a specific verification problem, much of the specification becomes precise and implicit. In addition, the limited scope allows the formal analysis to be controlled and nominally tractable. Further, even when the formal analysis remains bounded, it is still possible to return actionable information to the user. Finally, debug becomes much more precise and actionable in the context of the narrow verification concern being addressed. These aspects all come to fore in the verification of clock domain crossings in the modern SoC. Used to be that a chip would have a handful of clock domains and the clock-domain checking could be done manually. With 100s of clocks domains on chip, that luxury is not available any more. No SoC gets taped out today without a dedicated sign-off of clock-domain crossings using verification tools specialized for this problem. Another reason clock-domain verification is good to highlight as an example of the new paradigm is that it is at the intersection of chip functionality and timing. This verification task cannot be completed by just functional simulation or just by static timing analysis. It needs a specialized solution, with static formal analysis at its core, to do justice to it.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123540024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The FMCAD graduate student forum","authors":"T. Wahl","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035523","url":null,"abstract":"FMCAD 2013 featured an event new to the FMCAD conference series, the Graduate Student Forum, held on Monday October 21, following the joint MEMOCODE/FMCAD Tutorial Day. The intention of the Forum was to specifically attract students to the conference, by providing them with a platform for introducing their research to the wider Formal Methods community, and obtain feedback on it. Submissions were solicited in the form of short reports describing research ideas, or ongoing work in the scope of the FMCAD conference that the student is currently pursuing.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"09 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127309713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proving termination of imperative programs using Max-SMT","authors":"Daniel Larraz, Albert Oliveras, Enric Rodríguez-carbonell, A. Rubio","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679413","url":null,"abstract":"We show how Max-SMT can be exploited in constraint-based program termination proving. Thanks to expressing the generation of a ranking function as a Max-SMT optimization problem where constraints are assigned different weights, quasi-ranking functions -functions that almost satisfy all conditions for ensuring well-foundedness- are produced in a lack of ranking functions. By means of trace partitioning, this allows our method to progress in the termination analysis where other approaches would get stuck. Moreover, Max-SMT makes it easy to combine the process of building the termination argument with the usually necessary task of generating supporting invariants. The method has been implemented in a prototype that has successfully been tested on a wide set of programs.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123839762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Secure programs via game-based synthesis","authors":"S. Jha, T. Reps, William R. Harris","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.7035519","url":null,"abstract":"Summary form only given. Several recent operating systems provide system calls that allow an application to explicitly manage the privileges of modules with which the application interacts. Such privilege-aware operating systems allow a programmer to a write a program that satisfies a strong security policy, even when the program interacts with untrusted modules. However, it is often non-trivial to rewrite a program to correctly use the system calls to satisfy a high-level security policy. This paper concerns the policy-weaving problem, which is to take as input a program, a desired high-level policy for the program, and a description of how system calls affect privilege, and automatically rewrite the program to invoke the system calls so that it satisfies the policy. We describe a reduction from the policy-weaving problem to finding a winning strategy to a two-player safety game. We then describe a policy-weaver generator that implements the reduction and a novel game-solving algorithm, and present an experimental evaluation of the generator applied to a model of the Capsicum capability system. We conclude by outlining ongoing work in applying the generator to a model of the HiStar decentralized-information-flow control (DIFC) system.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126267119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trimming while checking clausal proofs","authors":"Marijn J. H. Heule, W. Hunt, Nathan Wetzler","doi":"10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FMCAD.2013.6679408","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict-driven clause learning (CDCL) satisfiability solvers can emit more than a satisfiability result; they can also emit clausal proofs, resolution proofs, unsatisfiable cores, and Craig interpolants. Such additional results may require substantial modifications to a solver, especially if preprocessing and inprocessing techniques are used; however, CDCL solvers can easily emit clausal proofs with very low overhead. We present a new approach with an associated tool that efficiently validates clausal proofs and can distill additional results from clausal proofs. Our tool architecture makes it easy to obtain such results from any CDCL solver. Experimental evaluation shows that our tool can validate clausal proofs faster than existing tools. Additionally, the quality of the additional results, such as unsatisfiable cores, is higher when compared to modified SAT solvers.","PeriodicalId":346097,"journal":{"name":"2013 Formal Methods in Computer-Aided Design","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117340325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}