Energetic Materials Frontiers最新文献

{"title":"A theoretical study on the decomposition of TKX-50 with different vacancy defect concentrations under shock wave loading","authors":"Jun-qing Yang ,&nbsp;Zhi-wei Guo ,&nbsp;Xiao-he Wang ,&nbsp;Ga-zi Hao ,&nbsp;Yu-bing Hu ,&nbsp;Xiao-jun Feng ,&nbsp;Rui Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the impacts of different vacancy defect concentrations on the decomposition of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) under shock wave loading using the <em>ab</em> initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) method combined with the multiscale shock technique (MSST). Initially, eight crystal models of TKX-50 with vacancy defect concentrations of 0 %, 3.13 %, 6.25 %, and 9.38 % were established. The most stable models at these defect concentrations were identified as V0, V1.1, V2.1, and V3.1, respectively by calculating the vacancy formation energies. Afterward, the decomposition processes of these most stable models under shock waves at a speed of 10 km s⁻¹ were examined in detail. The results show that TKX-50 underwent reversible proton transfer processes under shock wave loading, which are similar to its behavior under thermal loading. With an increase in the vacancy defect concentration, the TKX-50 systems became significantly more unstable and compressible, a greater variety and quantity of small gas molecules were quickly generated, and more pronounced fluctuations in the cluster quantities and molecular weight of the largest clusters were observed. These findings demonstrate that vacancy defects can accelerate the decomposition of TKX-50, providing theoretical insights into the damage evolution of TKX-50 under shock wave loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 24-34"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum chemistry modeling of the unimolecular decomposition mechanism and substituent effects of pyrazolo-tetrazine: A case study of BITE-101","authors":"Zi-xuan Yang ,&nbsp;Shuang-fei Zhu ,&nbsp;Hai Duan ,&nbsp;Rui-jun Gou ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Shu-hai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>4-amino-7,8-dinitropyrazolo-[5,1-<em>d</em>][1,2,3,5]-tetrazine 2-oxide (BITE-101) outperforms the benchmark explosive HMX in all aspects, showing application prospects as a new generation of high energy density material. To obtain the thermal decomposition mechanism and key intermediates of BITE-101, the initial decay pathways were studied by using the M062X method for optimization and DLPNO-CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ methods for energies. The energy barrier results showed that the nitro-nitrite isomerization was the lowest, indicating that this path was the most advantageous in the reaction of BITE-101. In addition, the H transfer reaction has a promoting effect on the ring-opening reaction. Additionally, the influence of functional group position on the initial decomposition mechanism of energetic materials is also discussed. The results show that the most likely first decay paths are all caused by the functional groups on the tetrazine ring, and the position of the amino group had a great influence on the ring-opening reaction. These reactions can be clearly seen from the changes in ELF and Mayer bond order. These results will certainly deepen our understanding of the decay mechanism of pyrazolo-tetrazine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-site trace detection of explosives: From ultra-sensitive SERS to integrated detection technology","authors":"Zi-han Wang ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Dai ,&nbsp;Zhong-ping Liu ,&nbsp;Meng-dan Ma ,&nbsp;Sheng Cui ,&nbsp;Xuan He ,&nbsp;Yu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In light of escalating global tensions and the persistent frequency of terrorist incidents, explosives have caused unpredictable serious environmental problems in the worldwide. The imperative for rapid, highly sensitive and accurate detection of explosives has been propelled to the forefront of priorities across various fields, especially national defense and environmental protection. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a potent technology for the detection of explosives, attributed to its exceptional sensitivity, rapidity and non-destructive characterization of specific analytes. Concurrently, high-performance substrates and portable devices have expanded the use of SERS technology from the lab to field applications, increasing its potential utility. This progress report summarizes the progress of SERS and related integrated technologies for explosives detection in recent years. Following an introductory synopsis of SERS enhancement principles, this exposition focuses on the pivotal role of SERS substrates in the detection of explosives. It delineates the multifaceted advantages of SERS technology in the realm of explosive detection from three critical dimensions: ultra-sensitivity, semi-quantitative and high selectivity. The report subsequently introduces cutting-edge integration techniques that are compatible with SERS, such as portable Raman instruments, on-site wipeable sampling technology and microfluidic devices, all of which are major advances in promoting on-site high-throughput explosives detection programs. In conclusion, this report synthesizes the outcomes attained and delineates prospective directions for future research in the field of SERS explosives detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 118-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142219646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vicinal combination of N—NH2 and C—NO2 benefitting for low sensitivity and high energy azole molecules: A strategy developed from isomerization","authors":"Yao-yao Linghu ,&nbsp;Chao-yang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is nowadays challenging to create low sensitivity and high energy molecules (LSHEMs), largely restricted by the high complexity and difficult interpretation of composition-structure-property relationships of energetic materials. In the present theoretical modeling work on energetic materials, we propose a strategy for constructing LSHEMs based on energetic azole isomerism to reduce the molecular complexity while maintain composition. That is, we firstly find that the vicinal combination of N<strong>—</strong>NH₂ and C<strong>—</strong>NO₂ is an effective unit to enhance both energy and molecular stability of azoles. The advantage of the combination largely stems from the oxygen balance improvement to be close to zero to elevate reaction heat and packing density, and the intramolecular hydrogen bond formation to enhance molecular stability. Thus, this unit can be widely considered in constructing N-rich low sensitivity and high energy azole molecules. In addition, we confirm that the N<strong>—</strong>NO₂ generally seriously do harm to the molecular stability of azoles, especially in the case of the existence of steric effect around it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 14-23"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalytic effects of substituents in amino and guanidino derivatives of azolo-annelated and 3,6-disubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazines","authors":"Alexandr V. Stankevich ,&nbsp;Svetlana G. Tolshchina ,&nbsp;Anna V. Korotina ,&nbsp;Rashida I. Ishmetova ,&nbsp;Konstantin D. Kozhurkin ,&nbsp;Pavel A. Slepukhin ,&nbsp;Gennady L. Rusinov ,&nbsp;Valery N. Charushin","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work describes the synthesis of molecular and molecular-ionic derivatives of azolo[1,2,4,5]tetrazines and 1,2,4,5-tetrazines containing amino and guanidino fragments. Experimental and computational studies on the contribution of various substituents (guanidine, nitroamine, 2,4,6-trinitroaniline, nitrate ions) into thermal stabilities of compounds, their activation energies and the mechanism of response to external thermal effects were carried out. The thermal stabilities of the compounds were evaluated by using the differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, their energetic characteristics were calculated. The kinetic parameters for the key step of thermal decomposition were calculated. High thermal stability values for compounds with amino groups and low stabilities for nitrates and N-nitro derivatives have been shown. The activation energy values in the series of compounds under consideration proved to be varied from 358 to 112 kJ mol⁻¹, the reaction order from 3 to 6. The catalytic effects of the decomposition of the basic structural fragment for the introduced substituents were found to be from 23 to 232kJ mol⁻¹.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 74-83"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphical Abstract","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2666-6472(25)00019-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2666-6472(25)00019-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages iii-vii"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fully-iodinated bridged pyrroles as high thermostable energetic biocidal materials","authors":"Xin-yuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Xun Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao-tian Yu ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Si-ping Pang ,&nbsp;Chun-lin He","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrrole is one of the important versatile skeletons for functional materials, fully-substituted pyrroles can achieve multiple substitutions. But, spatial site resistance effects make its synthesis difficult. In this work, a series of fully-iodinated bridged pyrroles (compounds <strong>8</strong>–<strong>13</strong>) as energetic biocidal compounds were synthesized through two-step. They show high iodine content of 82.98 %–88.02 %, and high thermal stability (<em>T</em>_d: 267–344 °C) which is a significantly improved compared to 2,3,4,5-tetraiodo-1H-pyrrole (TIPL, <em>T</em>_d: 168 °C). Furthermore, good detonation pressure (<em>P</em>) and detonation velocity (<em>D</em>) were realized, showing great prospective for applications as potential energetic biocidal materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 67-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[2+2] and [2+1] cycloaddition of myrcene for synthesis of highly strained bio-fuels with high density and high impulse","authors":"Jin-xiu Hu ,&nbsp;Min-hua Ai ,&nbsp;Xian-long Liu ,&nbsp;Xiao-lei Guo ,&nbsp;Cheng-xiang Shi ,&nbsp;Kang Xue ,&nbsp;Xiang-wen Zhang ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Ji-Jun Zou ,&nbsp;Lun Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing bio-fuels provides a sustainable strategy to reduce the dependence on finite fossil fuels. But biomass-based fuel molecules usually lack strained structure, resulting in undesirable density and impulse for aerospace applications. Herein, the highly strained bio-fuels are synthesized from myrcene by photoinduced [2 + 2] cycloaddition and hydrogenation/cyclopropanation reactions. The triplet energy transfer mechanism is revealed through theoretical calculations, triplet quenching experiments and phosphorescent measurement. The reaction conditions of photocycloaddition reaction are optimized, including the photosensitizer type and amount, solvent effect, substrate concentration, reaction temperature and light intensity. Under the optimal conditions, the yield of target photocycloaddition product reaches <em>ca.</em> 82.61 %, which is then hydrogenated and cyclopropanized to two kinds of bio-fuels, namely PC@HG and PC@CP, respectively, which have high density of 0.836 and 0.886 g mL⁻¹, high impulse of 326.71 and 329.42 s, superior cryogenic properties, and good combustion properties. This work provides a feasible pathway for the preparation of highly strained bio-fuels with high density and high impulse.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"6 1","pages":"Pages 84-94"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted quantitative prediction of thermal decomposition temperatures of energetic materials and their thermal stability analysis","authors":"Zhi-xiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi-lin Cao ,&nbsp;Chao Chen ,&nbsp;Lin-yuan Wen ,&nbsp;Yi-ding Ma ,&nbsp;Bo-zhou Wang ,&nbsp;Ying-zhe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, machine learning (ML)-assisted regression modeling was conducted to predict the thermal decomposition temperatures and explore the factors that correlate with the thermal stability of energetic materials (EMs). The modeling was performed based on a dataset consisting of 885 various compounds using linear and nonlinear algorithms. The tree-based models established demonstrated acceptable predictive abilities, yielding a low mean absolute error (<em>MAE</em>) of 31°C. By analyzing the dataset through hierarchical classification, this study insightfully identified the factors affecting EMs’ thermal decomposition temperatures, with the overall accuracy improved through targeted modeling. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) analysis indicated that descriptors such as BCUT2D, PEOE_VSA, MolLog_P, and TPSA played a significant role, demonstrating that the thermal decomposition process is influenced by multiple factors relating to the composition, electron distribution, chemical bond properties, and substituent type of molecules. Additionally, descriptors such as Carbon_contents and Oxygen_Balance proposed for characterizing EMs showed strong linear correlations with thermal decomposition temperatures. The trends of their SHAP values indicated that the most suitable ranges of Carbon_contents and Oxygen_Balance were 0.2∼0.35 and −65∼−55, respectively. Overall, the study shows the potential of ML models for decomposition temperature prediction of EMs and provides insights into the characteristics of molecular descriptors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 274-282"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135348903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A density functional theory investigation of the substituent effect on acyclovir and guanine derivatives for applications on energetic materials","authors":"Luciana Amorim da Silva,&nbsp;Gabriel Monteiro-de-Castro,&nbsp;Erick Braga Ferrão Galante,&nbsp;Itamar Borges Jr,&nbsp;Aline Cardoso Anastácio","doi":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.enmf.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The main challenge in designing new energetic materials is to find a good balance between four seemingly incompatible requirements, namely, high-energy content, low sensitivity, low production costs and less-polluting content. Fused nitrogen heterocycles of imidazole and pyrimidine, such as acyclovir and guanine, may offer interesting features due to the combination of a coplanar framework and a large conjugate system, which contribute to a reduced sensitivity, and a number of energetic bonds that can be increased by the introduction of explosophore substituents. In this work, to evaluate the potential of acyclovir and guanine derivatives as energetic materials, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to investigate the influence of the type and position of the explosophore substituent groups –&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, –&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, –&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, –&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, –&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;C&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;,&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;N&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;O&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; on the energetic properties and chemical reactivity of 91 acyclovir- and guanine-based molecules, including thirty one nitramines, three nitroheterocycles, seventeen azides, seventeen nitrate esters, seventeen nitriles, three azo and three azoxy compounds. Several molecular properties were computed, including the chemical reactivity, the heat of formation and the detonation velocities and pressures using semiempirical equations. Among the molecules with no bridge groups, we found that, except for cyano group, position 4 were the most stable for acyclovir derivatives, whereas, except for the azido group, position 2 and 5 provided the most stable compounds for guanine derivatives. Among the bridged derivatives, depending on the molecule and positions, the nitrate esters and the nitro derivatives were more stable. In comparison with the parent compounds, calculations showed that the heat of formation (HOF) increased the most with azido and cyano groups, the density increased substantially with nitrate esters, nitro and nitramino groups, and the detonation velocities and pressures increased the most with nitrate ester, nitro and nitramino groups. Although azo groups resulted in higher HOFs than azoxy groups, azoxy derivatives showed superior values in terms of density, heat of maximum detonation, detonation velocity and pressure. Four nitrate esters (GD134, GD245, AZOXYGD13 and AZOXYGD25) displayed higher values of detonation velocity and pressure than RDX. The designed nitramin","PeriodicalId":34595,"journal":{"name":"Energetic Materials Frontiers","volume":"5 4","pages":"Pages 293-308"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139952275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}