Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal最新文献

Do American Voters Really Not Punish Overt Undemocratic Behavior at the Polls? Natural Experimental Evidence from the 2021 Insurrection of the U.S. Capitol 美国选民真的不惩罚投票时公然的不民主行为吗?来自2021年美国国会大厦起义的自然实验证据

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.33774/apsa-2021-td3zm-v2

Sam van Noort

{"title":"Do American Voters Really Not Punish Overt Undemocratic Behavior at the Polls? Natural Experimental Evidence from the 2021 Insurrection of the U.S. Capitol","authors":"Sam van Noort","doi":"10.33774/apsa-2021-td3zm-v2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33774/apsa-2021-td3zm-v2","url":null,"abstract":"Existing research suggests that too few American voters hold politicians electorally accountable for overt undemocratic behavior to reasonably deter democratic backsliding. Evidence for this proposition comes primarily from hypothetical survey experiments with relatively modest treatments. I test this hypothesis using a natural experiment with a powerful real-world treatment: Donald Trump's incitement of the insurrection of the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. The insurrection was unexpected to the general public, did not coincide with other events that could plausibly affect public opinion, and occurred while Gallup was conducting a nationally representative survey using random digit dialing. Comparing Republican Party support among respondents that were interviewed just before, and just after, the insurrection occurred suggests that the insurrection caused a 10.8% decline in support for the Republican Party. Voters predominantly moved to the Democratic Party, rather than Independent. Back-of-the-envelope calculations suggests that this electoral penalty is sufficient to decide presidential elections.","PeriodicalId":345692,"journal":{"name":"Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122280252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Absolute versus Relative: Asymmetric Framing and Feedback in a Heterogeneous-Endowment Public Goods Game 绝对与相对:异质性禀赋公共产品博弈中的不对称框架与反馈

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3904519

X. Wang, Jie Zheng, Lan Zhou

引用次数: 0

Improving Studies of Sensitive Topics Using Prior Evidence: A Unified Bayesian Framework for List Experiments 利用先验证据改进敏感话题的研究:列表实验的统一贝叶斯框架

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-21 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3871089

Xiao Lu, Richard Traunmüller

引用次数: 0

Are More Children Better Than One? Evidence from a Lab Experiment of Decision Making 孩子多比一个好吗?决策的实验室实验证据

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-06-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3785716

Xun Li, Yuhang Qiu

引用次数: 1

Financial Vulnerability and Seeking Expert Advice: Evidence from a Survey Experiment 金融脆弱性与寻求专家建议:来自调查实验的证据

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-04-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3823841

M. Delis, E. Galariotis, Jerome Monne

引用次数: 0

Igniting Deliberation in High Stake Decisions: A Field Study 在高风险决策中激发深思:一项实地研究

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3797548

A. Hefti, Peiyao Shen, K. Li

引用次数: 0

Nudges for Public Budget Officers: A Field-Based Survey Experiment 对公共预算官员的督促:一项基于实地的调查实验

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2021-01-24 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3772202

Makoto Kuroki, Shusaku Sasaki

{"title":"Nudges for Public Budget Officers: A Field-Based Survey Experiment","authors":"Makoto Kuroki, Shusaku Sasaki","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3772202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3772202","url":null,"abstract":"This study experimentally investigated the effects of providing information on public policy’s future outcomes and emphasizing the information with behavioral economics nudges on budgetary decision-making in Japan’s local governments. Public budget officers consider the policy’s efficiency and assess its budget amount; however, the adequate performance of their tasks is prevented by time and information constraints, biases, and institutional pressures. We conducted a field-based survey experiment on staff in financial departments of Japan’s local governments and obtained 484 valid responses. In the experiment, respondents assessed a budget amount for the next year for a hypothetical environmental policy, under one of the following four conditions: (A) control group, (B) future outcome information, (C) future outcome information with a loss-framing nudge, and (D) future outcome information with a social-comparison nudge. The experimental results show that the budget officers assigned to the two nudged-based intervention groups evaluated the future outcomes more highly and referred to them more than the control group, and then their assessed amount increased from the past year’s level and was higher than merely providing the future outcomes information. We conclude that the loss-framing and social-comparison nudges changed the budget officers’ decision-making to be more future-oriented.","PeriodicalId":345692,"journal":{"name":"Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127803519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lead Exposure Reduces Academic Performance: Intensity, Duration, and Nutrition Matter 铅暴露降低学习成绩:强度、持续时间和营养物质

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.3386/w28250

A. Hollingsworth, Mike Huang, I. Rudik, Nicholas J. Sanders

{"title":"Lead Exposure Reduces Academic Performance: Intensity, Duration, and Nutrition Matter","authors":"A. Hollingsworth, Mike Huang, I. Rudik, Nicholas J. Sanders","doi":"10.3386/w28250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/w28250","url":null,"abstract":"We leverage a natural experiment, where a large national automotive racing organization switched from leaded to unleaded fuel, to study how ambient lead exposure and nutrition impact learning in elementary school. The average race emitted more than 10 kilograms of lead — a quantity similar to the annual emissions of an airport or a median lead-emitting industrial facility in the United States. Increased levels and duration of exposure to lead negatively affect academic performance, shift the entire academic performance distribution, and negatively impact both younger and older children. We provide quasi-experimental evidence linking measured quantities of lead emissions to decreased test scores, information essential for policies addressing ambient lead and emission sources. Exposure to 10 additional kilograms of lead emissions reduces standardized test scores by 0.07 standard deviations. This corresponds to an average income reduction of $9,000 per treated student in present value terms, an effect of similar magnitude as improving teacher value added by one standard deviation, reducing class size by 10 students, or increasing school spending per pupil by $2,500. The marginal impacts of lead are larger in impoverished, non-white counties, and among students with greater duration of exposure, even after controlling for total exposure. Factors correlated with better nutrition — most notably consumption of calcium-rich foods like milk — help mitigate the link between lead exposure and reduced educational outcomes. These results show that improved child nutrition can help combat the negative effects of lead, addressing several prominent social issues including racial test gaps, human capital formation across income groups, and disparities in regional environmental justice.","PeriodicalId":345692,"journal":{"name":"Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128202920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The Social Side of Early Human Capital Formation: Using a Field Experiment to Estimate the Causal Impact of Neighborhoods 早期人力资本形成的社会方面:使用实地实验来估计邻里的因果影响

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2020-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3760076

J. List, F. Momeni, Y. Zenou

{"title":"The Social Side of Early Human Capital Formation: Using a Field Experiment to Estimate the Causal Impact of Neighborhoods","authors":"J. List, F. Momeni, Y. Zenou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3760076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3760076","url":null,"abstract":"The behavioral revolution within economics has been largely driven by psychological insights, with the sister sciences playing a lesser role. This study leverages insights from sociology to explore the role of neighborhoods on human capital formation at an early age. We do so by estimating the spillover effects from a large-scale early childhood intervention on the educational attainment of over 2,000 disadvantaged children in the United States. We document large spillover effects on both treatment and control children who live near treated children. Interestingly, the spillover effects are localized, decreasing with the spatial distance to treated neighbors. Perhaps our most novel insight is the underlying mechanisms at work: the spillover effect on non-cognitive scores operate through the child's social network while parental investment is an important channel through which cognitive spillover effects operate. Overall, our results reveal the importance of public programs and neighborhoods on human capital formation at an early age, highlighting that human capital accumulation is fundamentally a social activity.","PeriodicalId":345692,"journal":{"name":"Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131778897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Country Risks and Brain Drain: The Emigration Potential of Japanese Skilled Workers 国家风险与人才流失:日本技术工人的移民潜力

Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal Pub Date : 2020-10-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3727679

Y. Horiuchi, N. Oishi

{"title":"Country Risks and Brain Drain: The Emigration Potential of Japanese Skilled Workers","authors":"Y. Horiuchi, N. Oishi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3727679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3727679","url":null,"abstract":"This study assesses the brain drain potentials in Japan and the factors shaping Japanese skilled workers’ interest in emigrating to other countries. The total number of Japanese citizens who live overseas with permanent residency status reached a record high of 513,750 in 2018. While most existing research attributes Japanese emigration to the pursuit of a better lifestyle, recent qualitative studies point out the emerging sense of country risks as significant drivers. We explore Japan’s brain-drain potentials with a focus on such risk factors. Specifically, based on our original survey, we examine what types of Japanese skilled workers are interested in emigration and how information about Japan’s country risks could affect their attitudes. We find that respondents with overseas experience and those in young age cohorts are particularly motivated to consider emigration. Another notable finding is that those who distrust the government and media are also more likely to think about leaving Japan than those who do not. Furthermore, exposure to information about long-term economic risk encourages them to consider living abroad in the future. These results suggest that the brain drain from Japan is likely to continue, and thus there is a need for long-term policy actions to tackle it.","PeriodicalId":345692,"journal":{"name":"Political Methods: Experiments & Experimental Design eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115967673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0