2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference最新文献

{"title":"IIT Plug-in Conversion Project with the City of Chicago","authors":"P. Sveum, R. Kizilel, M. Khader, S. Al-Hallaj","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544174","url":null,"abstract":"The necessity to significantly enhance efficiency of transportation vehicles in response to global warming issues and to ever-increasing oil prices is recognized around the world. Hybrid electric vehicles (HEV's) were the first proposed solution to reduce energy consumption, however much additional improvement is necessary. Benefits of HEV's include a smaller internal combustion engine (ICE), the inherent efficiency of the electric motor at low speeds, and the reuse of the braking energy which have generated fuel efficiency improvements of -25%, a good start but a long way from solving the energy crisis. The long-term goal for automotive power systems is zero emissions and zero use of hydrocarbon-based fuels. The significance of successful demonstration of hybrid technology is the development of appropriate electric motors, optimization and control systems, regenerative braking systems, and identification of the limits of existing battery technology. These benefits can be extended by increasing the vehicle's energy storage capacity with batteries an order of magnitude larger and with the additional energy coming from the electric grid, ideally generated from non-carbon sources. Theoretical studies have suggested that a majority of American commuters could avoid the daily use of gasoline with such a system. A Ford Escape Hybrid was obtained from the City of Chicago to be used as a test platform for this concept. Initial goal was to double the expected 25 miles per gallon using lithium ion battery technology. After characterizing the vehicle's electric power needs, a battery was proposed, designed, and installed using a controller to regulate the pack output into Ford's existing motor drive system. Initial results show proof-of-concept via improved all-electric range and gas mileage. The patented thermal management technology developed by IIT Licensee All Cell Technologies LLC allowed the use of latest high-power lithium ion cells in this demanding application. More study is needed to further improve the performance, simplify user interaction, and quantify benefits, i.e. gas mileage and reduced emissions. Sufficient progress in motors, control systems, batteries, and thermal management has been achieved by a number of innovators to make the dream of zero emissions and zero fossil fuel usage a reasonable target for the next generation of automobiles.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132866664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Control Principles of Hybrid Braking System for EV, HEV and FCV","authors":"Yimin Gao, Liang Chu, M. Ehsani","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544157","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the introduction of electrical regenerative braking, the structure, design and control of braking system of an electric vehicle (EV), hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) is quite different from the pure mechanical braking system of conventional vehicles. Desirable braking performance not only guarantee to quickly stop the vehicle and maintain the traveling direction stable and controllable, but recapture the braking energy as much as possible on various conditions of road. In this paper, the braking energy characteristics on vehicle speed and braking power in typical urban driving cycles have been investigated. The results provide strong supports to the design and control of such hybrid braking system. Two hybrid braking systems have been introduced. One is parallel hybrid braking system, which has a simple structure and control. The other is fully controllable hybrid braking system. Two typical control strategies for this system have been established. One emphasizes optimal braking performance and the other on optimal braking energy recovery.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130832743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air-Fuel Ratio Control for an IC Engine","authors":"J. Lauber, D. Khiar, T. Guerra","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544217","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to design an air-fuel ratio control law for a gasoline IC engine. The air-ratio is measured by a lambda sensor in the exhaust manifold. As a consequence, a variable transport delay arises in the model considered. A nonlinear control approach based on a Takagi-Sugeno's (TS) model of the system is used. A Parallel Distributed Compensation (PDC) control law is then derived taking into account the variable time delay. Finally, some simulations are given to show the efficiency of the developed control law.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126846865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Control of a 3-phase PWM Inverter Supplied by Unbalanced Split-Source DC Voltage Bus","authors":"N. A. Losic","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544091","url":null,"abstract":"Computer analysis and control method aimed at eliminating a DC content in the output currents of a 3-phase pulse-width modulated (PWM) inverter supplied by an unbalanced split- source DC voltage bus and used in an aerospace application is presented. After a thorough examination of the problem, from which a particular case associated with the non-zero DC current content has been identified, a control scheme is proposed for both sinusoidal and space vector PWM inverter whereby DC components in the inverter load currents are removed.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125219938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Airgap Length Variation in Frictionless Linear Induction Transportation Systems","authors":"H. Yu, B. Fahimi","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544155","url":null,"abstract":"Aapplications of linear induction machines (LIM) in electric propulsion have been investigated in the past few decades. The advantages of LIM to be applied in the propulsion include easy maintenance and high acceleration/deceleration to name a few. One of the applications is to combine the LIM with Maglev to achieve frictionless propulsion system. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA), it has been found that the airgap length has various impacts on the force characteristics of LIM under low and high linear speeds. This will support the design of airgap length of LIM for high speed frictionless propulsion applications. In addition, the effect of secondary electric conductivity on the force characteristics has been explored.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123850277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Algorithm for Designing the PID Controllers of High-speed Flywheels for Traction Applications","authors":"S. Talebi, B. Nikbakhtian, H. Toliyat","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544188","url":null,"abstract":"High speed flywheel energy storage system (FESS) is one of the most energy dense storage technologies proposed for traction applications. In this paper, performance of a high speed and high power FESS using a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is evaluated during both charging (motoring) and discharging (generating) modes of operations. A PWM inverter (rectifier) interfaces between the DC bus and the PMSM. During charging an inner current loop controller and outer speed loop controller regulate the whole system performance and during discharging operation the outer speed loop controller is inactive and instead a DC bus voltage regulator controls the FESS. Current, speed, and DC bus voltage regulations are realized by PI/PID controllers. These types of controllers have been used in motor drives industries for several decades. However, traditional methods based on simplifications, approximations, try and error are used to tune the gains of the controllers. The PI controllers achieved in this way do not guarantee optimal performance of the system. In this paper, the transfer functions of the current loop and speed loop are derived. Then, a novel design algorithm [1] is used to generate the entire set of stabilizing PI/PID controllers for the current and speed loops of the FESS. The algorithm is presented step by step for both current and speed controllers and a 70 kW, 36000 RPM FESS is simulated in PSIM to verify the consistency of the algorithm.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122904510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Generic Battery Model for the Dynamic Simulation of Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Olivier Tremblay, L. Dessaint, A. Dekkiche","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544139","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an easy-to-use battery model applied to dynamic simulation software. The simulation model uses only the battery State-Of-Charge (SOC) as a state variable in order to avoid the algebraic loop problem. It is shown that this model, composed of a controlled voltage source in series with a resistance, can accurately represent four types of battery chemistries. The model's parameters can easily be extracted from the manufacturer's discharge curve, which allows for an easy use of the model. A method is described to extract the model's parameters and to approximate the internal resistance. The model is validated by superimposing the results with the manufacturer's discharge curves. Finally, the battery model is included in the SimPowerSystems (SPS) simulation software and is used in the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) demo. The results for the battery and for the DC-DC converter are analysed and they show that the model can accurately represent the general behaviour of the battery.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115157462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transient Simulation of an AC Synchronous Permanent Magnet Motor Drive for an All-Electric All-Terrain Vehicle","authors":"A. R. Chevrefils, S. Filizadeh","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544223","url":null,"abstract":"Using an electromagnetic transient simulation tool, PSCAD/EMTDC, the development of a detailed mechanical model connected with a model of a synchronous permanent magnet ac (PMAC) motor and torque vector control scheme is examined. The details of the mechanical model will be briefly illustrated, followed by a description of both the electrical motor model and the torque vector control system. Test results will be shown to investigate the expected performance of the combined mechanical, electrical and control systems.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary Design, Simulation and Modeling of a Series Hybrid Commuter Vehicle with a Minimal IC Engine","authors":"L. Ni, D. Patterson, J. Hudgins","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544224","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a method for designing battery capacity and output power for series plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The simulation is based on the model of the dynamic equation of vehicle motion along the longitudinal direction. Besides the rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag and vehicle acceleration, the choice of chemical battery and the potential energy change with altitude, are also important factors for the simulation results.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133622291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing Microchannel Technologies to Minimize the Thermal Stack and Improve Thermal Performance in Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"Nicholas R. Jankowski, L. Everhart, B. Morgan, B. Geil, P. McCluskey","doi":"10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VPPC.2007.4544111","url":null,"abstract":"Hybrid electric vehicles for military applications require advanced cooling to ensure peak power electronics performance and reliability. Two methods of reducing overall thermal resistivity by integrating microchannel coolers into the power electronics thermal stack are explored. The first approach involves silicon manifold microchannel coolers with direct fluid impingement on the semiconductor die. The second involves fabricating standard, parallel microchannels into a standard aluminum nitride substrate. Both designs are evaluated for flow and thermal performance in cooling a 4 mm silicon carbide diode. Both designs are found to be of comparable performance, primarily due to non-optimum microchannel dimensions for operating pressures below 35 kPa. For both types of devices, typical flow rates ranged from 40-60 mL/min with thermal resistivities on the order of 0.13-0.19degC-m2/W. Potential for future improvement of each design is discussed.","PeriodicalId":345424,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133979718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}