Composites Part C Open Access最新文献

{"title":"Damage mechanisms of adhesively bonded joints of thin tow-based discontinuous composites","authors":"Ioannis Katsivalis ,&nbsp;Rosemere de Araujo Alves Lima ,&nbsp;Florence Moreau ,&nbsp;Leif E. Asp ,&nbsp;Sofia Teixeira de Freitas","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tow-Based Discontinuous Composites (TBDCs) are a new class of composite materials that combine high strength and stiffness with in-plane isotropy making them of interest in high-end structural applications. Despite their potential, efficient connection methods are currently lacking and the adhesive bonding behaviour of TBDC structures remains unexplored. This work, therefore, seeks to address this gap by analysing the quasi-static performance of TBDC adhesive joints under mode I loading condition. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) tests were performed using two adhesives with contrasting toughness levels: a moderate (∼600 J/m ²) and a high toughness adhesive (&gt; 2400 J/m²). When a moderate-toughness adhesive was used, a combination of cohesive failure and composite damage was observed, with only a small scatter in the experimental results. In contrast, the use of the high-toughness adhesive led to a shift in damage mechanisms towards the composite micro-architecture, resulting in fracture toughness values in the region of 800 J/m², with a larger experimental scatter. Acoustic Emission analysis identified matrix cracking and fibre/matrix debonding as the dominant damage mechanisms. These findings were validated by the post-mortem fractography analysis via Scanning Electron Microscopy. This work therefore provides the first detailed analysis of the damage mechanism in adhesively bonded TBDCs, which have potential in aerospace and automotive applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser based surface texturing and PA6 powder interlayering for joining enhancement of DP600/PA6GF47 hybrid joints via induction welding","authors":"K. Boukhadra ,&nbsp;Z. Jendli ,&nbsp;J-C. Walrick ,&nbsp;R. Zouaghi ,&nbsp;A. Kouadri-Henni","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates a novel approach combining laser surface microtexturing with PA6 powder interlayering to enhance the joining performance of DP600 steel/PA6GF47 thermoplastic composite hybrid joints via induction welding. Four joining conditions were evaluated: no texture-no powder (NT-NP), no texture-powder (NT-P), texture-no powder (T-NP), and texture-powder (T-P). Laser texturing parameters were optimized to create controlled micro-groove patterns with uniform depth and periodicity on DP600 steel surface. A thin PA6 powder layer was applied at the bonding interface prior to induction welding. Mechanical testing revealed that the combined texture-powder (T-P) configuration achieved the highest shear strength of 19,5 MPa, representing a 170% improvement over untreated joints (7,2 MPa). Microscopic analysis demonstrated that the synergistic effect of laser texturing and powder interlayering promotes complete polymer infiltration into surface microstructures, creating robust mechanical interlocking. Thermal analysis confirmed optimal processing temperatures for PA6 melting without degradation. The fracture mode shifted from interfacial failure to mixed-mode failure with fibre pull-out, indicating superior metal-composite bonding. This integrated approach offers a promising solution for lightweight structural assemblies in automotive and aerospace applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design, modeling, and performance analysis of novel mechanically adaptive 2-1-2-type piezoelectric composite structures","authors":"Jinying Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiacheng Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Gao ,&nbsp;Jiaxing Yang ,&nbsp;Jialin Chen ,&nbsp;Bingnan Wang ,&nbsp;Ruiheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Xu ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Chao Zhong ,&nbsp;Lei Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2026.100709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexible ultrasonic transducers are important for wearable medical imaging and therapeutic applications, yet combining high electromechanical performance with structural conformity and array uniformity remains difficult. Here, a 2-1-2-type piezoelectric composite consisting of PZT-4, epoxy resin, and silicone rubber is prepared through a monolithic dice-fill technique. A series-parallel equivalent model is employed to guide the structural optimization of the composite. Based on the theoretical analysis, representative samples with ceramic volume fractions of <em>v</em>_c = 50 % and 60 % and a substrate volume fraction of <em>v</em>_p = 20 % are selected for fabrication and experimental validation. These composites exhibit high-purity thickness vibration, a thickness electromechanical coupling coefficient (<em>k</em>_t) of 0.62, and an acoustic impedance (<em>Z</em>) of 9.41 MRayl, indicating efficient energy conversion and favorable acoustic matching. The composite sustains a maximum tensile load close to 20 N and endures 400 cycles under a 5 N cyclic load without performance degradation. Resonance characteristics remain stable from 20°C to 60°C, showing strong fatigue and thermal stability for long-term wearable use. The fabricated arrays display high inter-element uniformity, with relative mean deviation (RMD) below 1 % and maximum deviation ratio (MDR) below 3 %. These results confirm the 2-1-2 composite as a promising material platform for conformal ultrasonic imaging and wearable therapeutic ultrasound systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100709"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure–property relationships in 3D-printed onyx-based composites reinforced with continuous fibers: role of temperature and fiber orientation","authors":"Vishista Kaushik,&nbsp;Suresh Kurra,&nbsp;Ramesh Adusumalli","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100649","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100649","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the flexural performance of 3D-printed continuous fiber-reinforced composites, focusing on the influence of fiber types, orientation, and temperature. Using a carbon, glass, kevlar fiber- and Onyx matrix- filaments, specimens were fabricated as 24 or 30-layer composites. Three-point bending tests were conducted under different temperatures. The results reveal a significant influence of fiber type and orientation. Carbon fiber composite showed the highest strength of 281 MPa at 0° orientation and 127 MPa at 90° orientation at RT. At -20 °C, Carbon, Glass and Kevlar composites revealed flexural strength of 422, 308 and 188 MPa respectively (0°). Similarly, with an increase in temperature, a decrement in flexural properties can be observed in all the fiber types. The modulus for kevlar decreased from 8.29 to 5.71 to 4.15 GPa with an increase in temperature from -20 to 27 to 85 °C. Additionally, microscopic analysis highlights the failure mechanisms, including fiber pull-out, delamination, and matrix softening. Grey relation analysis used two mutually conflicted parameters (strength, cost) and reported the best and worst composite amongst 18 combinations considered. The findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the design of 3D-printed composites at different fiber orientations and temperatures enhancing their applicability in structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100649"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parametric finite element analysis of flexural behavior in FRP-reinforced beams","authors":"M. Talha Junaid ,&nbsp;Rouba Alzoubi ,&nbsp;Aroob Alateyat ,&nbsp;Samer Barakat","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars as internal reinforcement offers a corrosion-resistant and lightweight alternative to steel in concrete structures; however, their linear-elastic behavior often limits ductility and crack control. To address this challenge, the combination of FRP reinforcement with advanced and sustainable concrete types such as fiber-reinforced and alkali-activated concretes, has emerged as a promising yet underexplored solution. This study investigates the flexural behavior of beams made from four concrete types: Portland Cement Concrete (PCC), Alkali-Activated Concrete (AAC), Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (FRC), and Fiber-Reinforced Alkali-Activated Concrete (FRAAC), all reinforced with Glass FRP (GFRP) bars. A detailed nonlinear finite element model was developed using ABAQUS software, employing 3D solid (C3D8R) elements for concrete and truss (T3D2) elements for FRP bars with embedded-region constraints. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model simulated concrete behavior, while FRP reinforcement was modeled as linear-elastic up to rupture. The model was calibrated and validated against experimental results, achieving high accuracy in predicting load–deflection responses and failure modes. A comprehensive parametric study of 224 simulations examined the influence of FRP type, reinforcement ratio, and beam depth. Results showed that CFRP bars yielded the highest load increase (up to 90%), while increasing tensile reinforcement ratio (0.5–3.28%) enhanced capacity by 11–132% and reduced deflection by 54%. Increasing beam depth (250–400 mm) improved load capacity by up to 172%, with compression reinforcement contributing less than 11%. The findings highlight the significance of integrating FRP reinforcement with sustainable fiber- and geopolymer-based concretes, demonstrating the capability of finite element analysis in optimizing hybrid high-performance structural systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100677"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of resin types on the durability of single yarn polymer composites exposed to hygrothermal environment","authors":"Abdullah Iftikhar ,&nbsp;Allan Manalo ,&nbsp;Zaneta Senselova ,&nbsp;Wahid Ferdous ,&nbsp;Mazhar Peerzada ,&nbsp;Hannah Seligmann ,&nbsp;Kate Nguyen ,&nbsp;Brahim Benmokrane","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the durability of glass fibre composites prepared using bio-epoxy, vinyl ester and epoxy resin when exposed to a simulated hygrothermal environment. Initially, glass fibre yarns, resins and single yarn composites were exposed to 60oC at 98% relative humidity for up to 3000 h. This was followed by the thermal (DSC), chemical (FTIR), tensile and interfacial shear strength characterization, and the morphological observations under the scanning electron microscope. Results revealed that the resin types significantly influenced the durability of glass fibre yarn composites. Bio-epoxy and vinyl ester resin exhibited thermal stability after exposure to a hygrothermal environment for 3000 h, with an increment of 19oC in the glass transition temperature of epoxy because of the additional cross-linking of the polymeric chain. FTIR spectra reveal that bio-epoxy was chemically stable, while epoxy and vinyl ester resin have undergone chemical degradation because of hydrolysis. The tensile strength of fibre yarn was decreased by 37% because of blistering at the fibre surface, while a reduction of 22%, 10%, and 20% was observed for epoxy, bio-epoxy, and vinyl ester, respectively. Furthermore, the interfacial shear strength was reduced by 15%, 6%, and 25% for epoxy, bio-epoxy, and vinyl ester composites, respectively. Despite the Tg increase, hydrolytic chain scission and damage at the interface reduced the mechanical strength of epoxy. Analytical Hierarchy Process revealed that bio-epoxy resin performed best under hygrothermal conditions when mechanical properties were a priority, whereas vinyl ester resin performed best if physical or thermal properties were most important.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100676"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscoelastic high-damping vibration attenuation of sandwich FG-GPLRC face sheets by incorporating full nonlinear effects","authors":"Hamidreza Rostami ,&nbsp;Sattar Jedari Salami","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article deals with the study of geometrically and materially nonlinear free-damped vibration analysis of Sandwich beams incorporating flexible cores governed by various frequency-dependent viscoelastic models, surrounded with top and bottom face sheets reinforced through a functionally graded distribution of graphene platelets (GPLs) in large deformation. In fact, two types of nonlinearities are considered in the formulation: one arising from the nonlinear strain-displacement relationship, and the other due to the viscoelastic material behavior in the sandwich beam. To analyze the impact of including nonlinear terms in both geometric and material behavior—which has not been reported in the literature—the results are computed by adopting the geometrically nonlinear von Kármán assumptions for the core and the face sheets on one hand, and by employing a viscoelastic core material with complex frequency-dependent Young's/shear modulus that induces material nonlinearity on the other. Based on the Extended Higher-Order Sandwich Panel Theory (EHSAPT), a set of coupled nonlinear governing equations is derived using the Lagrangian technique. As a progressive step, this is the first time that a displacement control technique has been enhanced to simultaneously account for both geometric and material nonlinearities in order to obtain the vibrational characteristics of a system, making it valid for large vibration amplitudes and high damping. To validate the approach, the results obtained from EHSAPT are compared with available data in the literature. Additionally, the problem is also examined by applying Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories to the face sheets and core, respectively. The complex nonlinear eigenvalue problem is solved, and the natural frequencies and loss factors of the viscoelastically damped sandwich beam are calculated. Parametric studies are discussed in detail to investigate the effects of weight fraction, graphene platelet distribution pattern, core-to-face sheet thickness ratio, boundary conditions, viscoelastic core temperature, and vibration amplitude. The results provide valuable and practical insights, showing that considering appropriate ranges of geometry and material in large-amplitude nonlinear vibrations of frequency-dependent viscoelastic core sandwich beams leads to improved design and industrial optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100650"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145099403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Axial compressive performance of sustainable BFRP-confined rectangular columns using recycled brick aggregates","authors":"Chisanuphong Suthumma ,&nbsp;Ali Ejaz ,&nbsp;Muhammad Jawed Iqbal ,&nbsp;Ekkachai Yooprasertchai ,&nbsp;Qudeer Hussain ,&nbsp;Gritsada Sua-iam ,&nbsp;Burachat Chatveera ,&nbsp;Preeda Chaimahawan ,&nbsp;Panumas Saingam","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the mechanical behavior of basalt FRP confined rectangular concrete columns using crushed brick aggregates, addressing a research gap. While previous work focused on circular and square columns, this is the first to explore rectangular ones. The use of waste brick aggregates promotes sustainability. The study aims to assess the mechanical properties, expecting improvements in strength and ductility, and could lead to broader applications of basalt FRP. A total of 32 rectangular specimens were tested to evaluate the influence of aggregate type, concrete grade, and number of BFRP layers (0, 2, 4, and 6) on axial compressive performance. Results showed that BFRP confinement significantly enhanced strength and ductility, with maximum gains of 81% in strength and 230% in strain observed in low-strength natural aggregate concrete. Although recycled brick aggregate concrete (RBAC) exhibited lower stiffness, BFRP still provided up to 23% strength improvement. The effectiveness of confinement reduced with increasing unconfined strength. Post-peak analysis revealed that additional BFRP layers delayed stiffness degradation, promoting more ductile failure. Experimental elastic modulus closely matched ACI predictions in natural aggregate (NA) specimens but was overestimated in RBAC due to its higher porosity. The findings demonstrate the viability of BFRP confinement for enhancing the structural performance of sustainable concrete, while emphasizing the need for aggregate-specific design considerations. Design-oriented modelling was adopted to predict the complete stress-strain response of BFRP-confined concrete incorporating both natural and recycled brick coarse aggregates. A two-branch idealization of the compressive response was performed. Several key points were identified and predicted by using nonlinear regression analysis. The proposed approach closely predicted the response of BFRP-confined concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100653"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial damage evolution in hygrothermally aged CF/PPA composites used in type V hydrogen tanks: A multi-scale approach","authors":"Clara Penavayre ,&nbsp;Joseph Fitoussi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Richaud ,&nbsp;Philippe Papin ,&nbsp;Jeremie Bouneb ,&nbsp;Gilles Hochstetter ,&nbsp;Mohammadali Shirinbayan","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100679","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100679","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents a multi-scale experimental investigation into the damage mechanisms in carbon fiber-reinforced polyphthalamide (CF/PPA) composites subjected to hygrothermal aging. The study specifically targets their suitability for structural components in advanced hydrogen storage systems, such as Type V pressure vessels. Polyphthalamides (PPAs), as semi-aromatic polyamides, offer superior thermal stability, chemical resistance, and mechanical performance compared to conventional aliphatic polyamides, making them promising candidates for structural components exposed to harsh environments. In order to simulate more severe environmental exposure, accelerated hygrothermal aging tests were conducted at 50 °C in immersion. A range of microscopic to macroscopic characterization techniques were used to assess changes in mechanical performance and microstructural integrity. The analysis revealed that the CF/PPA composites retained good matrix ductility even after aging, indicating the resilience of the semi-aromatic polyamide matrix under hygrothermal stress. Multi-scale damage analysis has been performed on both unaged and aged samples at 50 °C for various aging times. The dominant damage mechanism identified was decohesion at the fiber/matrix interface, rather than bulk matrix degradation. This interfacial debonding has a significant impact on mechanical performance and is attributed to moisture-induced weakening of interfacial interactions. These findings emphasize the potential of CF/PPA composites for use in high-performance hydrogen storage applications, while highlighting the critical need for interface-tailored designs to enhance environmental durability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100679"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145465536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectral method to determine the Tsai-Wu probability of failure of a composite laminate subjected to random vibrations","authors":"Javier Sanz-Corretge ,&nbsp;Thanh-Dam Pham ,&nbsp;Luan Trinh ,&nbsp;Paul G. Leahy","doi":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcomc.2025.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a spectral-based methodology for the probabilistic failure analysis of composite laminates subjected to zero-mean, stationary Gaussian random vibrations. The proposed approach efficiently computes both the probability density (PDF) and cumulative distribution functions (CDF) of nonlinear failure indices, using the Tsai–Wu criterion as a case study. By integrating the frequency response functions (FRFs) of the stress tensor components with the excitation’s power spectral density (PSD), the method constructs the complete covariance matrix of the stress field. This enables the definition of a joint multivariate Gaussian distribution of stresses, from which Monte Carlo sampling is performed to evaluate any nonlinear failure function.</div><div>The methodology is general and can be applied to any nonlinear stress function, such as von Mises stress, provided the structure remains linear and the excitation Gaussian. Validation is performed through finite element (FE) simulations of a composite plate with a central hole. The RMS von Mises stresses predicted by the proposed method closely match those obtained with the Segalman spectral approach implemented in ANSYS, confirming its correctness. Further comparison with time-domain transient simulations demonstrates excellent agreement in failure probabilities while achieving a computational speedup exceeding two orders of magnitude.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34525,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part C Open Access","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145681041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}