International Review of Environmental History最新文献_第8页

Typhoons and droughts: Food shortages and famine in the Philippines since the seventeenth century 台风和干旱：17世纪以来菲律宾的粮食短缺和饥荒

International Review of Environmental History Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.04

J. Warren

{"title":"Typhoons and droughts: Food shortages and famine in the Philippines since the seventeenth century","authors":"J. Warren","doi":"10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.04","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I explore why so many people have starved in the Philippines when typhoons, floods and droughts have occurred since the seventeenth century and governments of the day have been unable to provide relief. Why, in the twenty-first century, are millions of Filipinos still living in the shadow of hunger? I draw attention to the causes and consequences of food shortages and famine and the relationship between climatic and weather factors, especially storms, floods and drought, and food supply (ownership and exchange), regional characteristics and social structure. In examining famines over time, I stress the structural links between food shortages, the nature of Filipino peasant societies and the weather factor. In addition, I explore the developing historical relationship between economic and political changes and societal group inequality, involving the loss of entitlements that become more explicit in times of famine. I also examine the lingering impacts of climate variability and extreme weather—typhoons, floods and drought—linked to past and present famines. Filipino farmers have not vanquished famine. Destitution and death from disasters and famine were all continual and familiar experiences under both Spanish and American rule, and remain so to the present day.","PeriodicalId":34502,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Environmental History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45654897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The tinderbox city: The industrialisation of fire disasters in Hankou, China, 1849–1944 火药桶城市:1849-1944年中国汉口火灾的工业化

International Review of Environmental History Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.04.02.2018.06

Chris Courtney

引用次数: 1

The slow, the quick and the dead: Environment, politics and temporality in the Henan famine, 1942–43 慢的、快的和死的：1942-43年河南饥荒中的环境、政治和时间

International Review of Environmental History Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.07

Mark B. Baker

{"title":"The slow, the quick and the dead: Environment, politics and temporality in the Henan famine, 1942–43","authors":"Mark B. Baker","doi":"10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.07","url":null,"abstract":"This article argues that famines have rapid as well as slow temporalities. Using newspapers, contemporary eyewitness accounts and subsequent memoirs, it uncovers the mixed temporalities of causation and experience in the 1942–43 famine in Henan Province, north-central China. It begins by exploring how the slow elements of famine played out in Henan: endemic poverty and malnutrition, years of war in the province, and the drawn-out experience of drought and starvation in 1942–43. More importantly, though, it then demonstrates that it was rapid processes that tipped much of Henan into what one observer called a ‘blitz famine’: hailstorms, price spikes and the violence of military requisitioning. The experience of famine, too, had fast temporalities, including snap decisions about flight, individual or collective acts of violence, and the sudden bodily collapse that often followed the slow process of starvation. But if all famines have mixed temporalities, this article closes by showing that these elements of time are not politically neutral. Comparing 1942–43 with Henan’s other major twentieth-century famines (1920–21, 1928–30 and 1958–61), I argue that the growing role of the state in causing famine led to faster temporalities","PeriodicalId":34502,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Environmental History","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42346677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disasters fast and slow: The temporality of hazards in environmental history 灾害的快慢:环境史上灾害的暂时性

International Review of Environmental History Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.22459/IREH.04.02.2018.02

Fiona Williamson, Chris Courtney

引用次数: 5

Introduction 介绍

International Review of Environmental History Pub Date : 2018-09-10 DOI: 10.22459/ireh.04.02.2018.01

J. Beattie

引用次数: 0