慢的、快的和死的:1942-43年河南饥荒中的环境、政治和时间

Q2 Arts and Humanities
Mark B. Baker
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文认为,饥荒具有快速和缓慢的暂时性。作者利用报纸、当时的目击者描述和后来的回忆录,揭示了1942年至1943年发生在中国中北部河南省的饥荒的原因和经历的混合时间性。本书首先探讨了饥荒的缓慢因素是如何在河南发生的:地方性的贫困和营养不良,该省多年的战争,以及1942年至1943年旷日持久的干旱和饥饿。然而,更重要的是,它表明,是快速的过程使河南大部分地区陷入了一位观察家所说的“闪电式饥荒”:冰雹、价格飙升和军事征用的暴力。饥荒的经历也具有短暂性,包括关于逃跑的仓促决定,个人或集体的暴力行为,以及在缓慢的饥饿过程中经常出现的身体突然崩溃。但是,如果所有的饥荒都具有混合的时间性,那么本文的最后表明,这些时间因素在政治上不是中立的。将1942年至1943年的饥荒与河南20世纪的其他主要饥荒(1920年至1921年、1928年至1930年和1958年至1961年)进行比较,我认为国家在造成饥荒方面的作用越来越大,导致了更短的时间
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The slow, the quick and the dead: Environment, politics and temporality in the Henan famine, 1942–43
This article argues that famines have rapid as well as slow temporalities. Using newspapers, contemporary eyewitness accounts and subsequent memoirs, it uncovers the mixed temporalities of causation and experience in the 1942–43 famine in Henan Province, north-central China. It begins by exploring how the slow elements of famine played out in Henan: endemic poverty and malnutrition, years of war in the province, and the drawn-out experience of drought and starvation in 1942–43. More importantly, though, it then demonstrates that it was rapid processes that tipped much of Henan into what one observer called a ‘blitz famine’: hailstorms, price spikes and the violence of military requisitioning. The experience of famine, too, had fast temporalities, including snap decisions about flight, individual or collective acts of violence, and the sudden bodily collapse that often followed the slow process of starvation. But if all famines have mixed temporalities, this article closes by showing that these elements of time are not politically neutral. Comparing 1942–43 with Henan’s other major twentieth-century famines (1920–21, 1928–30 and 1958–61), I argue that the growing role of the state in causing famine led to faster temporalities
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来源期刊
International Review of Environmental History
International Review of Environmental History Arts and Humanities-History
CiteScore
0.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
11
审稿时长
26 weeks
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