The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context最新文献

{"title":"Rapists and Child Abusers Share Low Levels in Executive Updating, but Do not in Fluid Reasoning","authors":"O. Herrero, Sergio Escorial, R. Colom","doi":"10.5093/EJPALC2018A10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/EJPALC2018A10","url":null,"abstract":"Research findings suggest that sex offenders worse performance than the general population in neuropsychological tests. Nevertheless, moderators such as age of the victim, use of antisocial control groups, and characteristics of administered measures have been highlighted. Here, 100 participants completed a battery of cognitive measures tapping fluid reasoning, verbal ability, and three basic executive processes (inhibition, switching, and updating). They were matched by educational level and classified in four groups: controls, non-sex offenders, rapists, and child abusers. The analyses revealed that rapists showed lower fluid reasoning scores than controls and child abusers. Furthermore, rapists and child abusers showed lower executive updating performance than controls and non-sex offenders. Importantly, child abusers did fluid reasoning scores on a par with controls (controlling for updating differences), but their executive updating performance was equivalent to the one revealed by rapists (controlling for fluid intelligence differences). Implications of these findings for the design of efficient intervention programs are discussed.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"119 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116210359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Considering the Effect of Sexism on Psychological Intimate Partner Violence: A Study with Imprisoned Men","authors":"Joel Juarros-Basterretxea, N. Overall, Juan Herrero, F. J. Rodríguez-Díaz","doi":"10.5093/EJPALC2019A1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/EJPALC2019A1","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa violencia de pareja (VP) psicologica es la forma mas prevalente de VP y habitualmente suele preceder a la VP fisica. Sin embargo, la VP psicologica ocurre a menudo independientemente de otras formas de VP y puede darse en interacciones rutinarias con la pareja. Utilizando datos de hombres recluidos en prision, hemos investigado el efecto del sexismo hostil y benevolente sobre la VP psicologica, asi como el rol mediador de las actitudes positivas hacia el abuso de la pareja. Hemos investigado tambien ese efecto cuando estan presentes otros factores de riesgo de VP psicologica senalados en la literatura reciente estan presentes: comunidad (desorden social), familia de origen (clima conflictivo en la familia de origen) y factores individuales (rasgos de personalidad antisocial). Participaron en el estudio 196 hombres internos en el Centro Penitenciario de Villabona (Asturias, Espana). Los resultados de los modelos de ecuaciones estructurales estimados indican un efecto total, directo e indirecto significativo del sexismo hostil sobre la VP psicologica, pero no del sexismo benevolente. Cuando las variables de la comunidad, la familia de origen y factores individuales se incorporaron al modelo unicamente el efecto indirecto del sexismo hostil a traves de las actitudes positivas hacia el abuso siguio siendo significativo. Los resultados se discuten en relacion con el debate sobre el rol de las actitudes sexistas sobre la VP psicologica en el marco de modelos mas generales de violencia. EnglishPsychological intimate partner violence (IPV) is the most prevalent form of IPV and is often thought to precede physical IPV. However, psychological IPV often occurs independently of other forms of IPV, and it can often emerge during routine relationship interactions. Using data from imprisoned male offenders we investigate the effect of hostile and benevolent sexist attitudes on psychological IPV and the hypothesized mediating role of positive attitudes toward IPV and this effect when accounting for broader risk factors at the levels of community (social disorder), family-of-origin (conflictive climate in family of origin), and personality (antisocial personality traits) variables. The sample involved 196 male inmates of the Penitentiary Center of Villabona (Asturias, Spain). Structural equation models result showed significant total, direct and indirect effect of hostile sexism on psychological IPV, but not of benevolent sexism. When individual, family-of-origin, and community variables were considered, however, hostile sexism showed only an indirect effect on psychological IPV via positive attitudes toward abuse. These results are discussed in light of the debate of the role of sexist attitudes in the psychological IPV explanation when broader models are considered.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129300498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Persistent Traffic Offenders: Alcohol Consumption and Personality as Predictors of Driving Disqualification","authors":"Ana Martí-Belda, J. Pastor, Luis Montoro, Patricia Bosó, J. Roca","doi":"10.5093/EJPALC2019A3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/EJPALC2019A3","url":null,"abstract":"espanolLa seguridad vial es un importante problema social. Muchos accidentes se deben al incumplimiento de las normas de trafico. Las infracciones graves o reiteradas se sancionan por la via administrativa o judicial y en ambos casos las sanciones pueden suponer la perdida del permiso de conducir. Este articulo explora la relevancia del alcohol y la personalidad como factores predictivos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si el comportamiento delictivo de los infractores persistentes esta relacionado con sus caracteristicas de personalidad y patrones de consumo de alcohol. Se utilizo una muestra de 358 conductores: 232 infractores persistentes, a los que les habia sido retirado el carnet de conducir (127 por sentencia judicial y 105 por perdida total de puntos), y 126 conductores habituales no infractores. Se administro una bateria de pruebas que miden un conjunto de factores explicativos de personalidad y consumo de alcohol. Se utilizo un diseno transversal y se realizaron analisis estadisticos de varianza y regresion buscando diferencias entre los grupos. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas en el tipo de infracciones y accidentes entre infractores de trafico y no infractores y entre ambas categorias de infractores. Ademas, ciertas variables, como el abuso de alcohol, altos niveles de actividad, activacion emocional, busqueda de sensaciones y la tendencia a la hostilidad durante la conduccion, pueden predecir con precision la pertenencia a uno u otro grupo. Los problemas con la bebida son el mejor predictor de la perdida del permiso de conducir, tanto por condena como por acumulacion de sanciones. EnglishTraffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disqualified from driving for serious or repeated traffic offenses, 127 of them after conviction, 105 without conviction (by accumulation of penalties). Participants were given a battery of tests measuring a set of explanatory personality and alcohol consumption factors. We used a cross-sectional study design and performed statistical analysis of variance and regression searching for differences among the groups. The results reveal group effects, with significant differences in a number of factors between traffic offenders and non-offenders, and between both categories of offenders in a number of variables, including traffic violations that lead to demeri","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116007248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Typology Categorizations of Male Perpetrators: A Methodology Study","authors":"Emily N. Weber, Ashley R. Taylor, A. Cantos, Barbara G. Amado, K. O’Leary","doi":"10.5093/EJPALC2019A5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/EJPALC2019A5","url":null,"abstract":"espanolSe clasificaron los varones que ejercen violencia en las relaciones de pareja (VP) en funcion de si eran violentos en general (VG) o solo en el entorno familiar (VF), empleando registros de autoinformes o de arrestos. Se analizaron los criterios de clasificacion para evaluar la reincidencia de los infractores de VP con el fin de determinar la validez incremental del uso de los antecedentes penales del infractor, ademas de la informacion procedente de su autoinforme para la clasificacion. Se compararon los indices de concordancia para categorizar los subtipos de infractores masculinos para dos metodos: los datos procedentes de autoinforme y los de antecedentes penales. La categorizacion se baso en la historia de violencia autoinformada y en los antecedentes penales por separado. La congruencia entre medidas se definio como la coincidencia o discrepancia de la categorizacion de autoinforme con la categorizacion de antecedentes penales. Se planteo la hipotesis de que el autoinforme no bastaba como unico metodo para clasificar a los infractores masculinos y que el uso de datos procedentes de antecedentes penales aumentaba la validez del sistema de categorizacion. Hubo mas autoinformes sobre agresion que antecedentes penales de agresion. El uso conjunto de ambos podria tener mejores resultados, tanto para los delincuentes como para la sociedad. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados. EnglishIntimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators were categorized based on whether they were generally violent (GV) or family only violent (FO) using self-report or arrest records. Classification criteria to assess recidivism in perpetrators of IPV were evaluated herein to determine the incremental validity of using a perpetrator’s criminal history in addition to their self-report information for categorization purposes. The concordance rates for categorizing subtypes of male perpetrators were compared for two methods, namely, self-report versus criminal history data. Categorizations were made based on self-reported history of violence and federal criminal records separately. Between measures consistency was defined as whether or not the self-report categorizations matched federal criminal record categorizations. It was hypothesized that self-report would not be sufficient as the sole method of categorizing male perpetrators, and the use of criminal history data would add to the validity of the categorization system. Self-reports of aggression were higher than criminal records of aggression. Using data sources together may yield the best outcomes for offenders and society. Implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124765900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Factors and Treatment Needs of Batterer Intervention Program Participants with Substance Abuse Problems","authors":"Cristina Expósito-Álvarez, M. Lila, E. Gracia, Manuel Martín-Fernández","doi":"10.5093/ejpalc2021a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5093/ejpalc2021a9","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to identify the main risk factors and treatment needs of batterer intervention program (BIP) participants with alcohol and drug abuse problems (ADAPs), beyond issues strictly related to their substance abuse, taking into account four sets of variables: sociodemographic (i.e., age, educational level, income, employment, and immigrant status); personality disorders and psychological adjustment (i.e., clinical symptomatology, personality disorders, anger, impulsivity, and self-esteem); social-relational variables (i.e., community support, intimate support, stressful life events, and perceived social rejection); and violence-related variables (i.e., family violence exposure, perceived severity of intimate partner violence against women [IPVAW], ambivalent sexism, risk of future violence, physical and psychological intimate partner violence, motivation to change, and stage of change). The study was based on a sample of 1,039 male IPVAW offenders court-mandated to a community-based BIP. Results from comparisons between BIP participants with and without ADAPs were interpreted in terms of effect sizes to highlight the most salient differences. Differences with moderate effect sizes were found for clinical symptomatology, anger trait, anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, stressful life events, motivation to change and stage of change. Differences with large effect sizes were found for impulsivity, antisocial disorder, borderline disorder, and aggressive disorder. Several intervention strategies are proposed to guide and adjust interventions to risk factors and treatment needs of BIP participants with ADAPs. Los factores de riesgo y las necesidades de tratamiento de los participantes en los programas de intervención con maltratadores con problemas de abuso de substancias","PeriodicalId":344860,"journal":{"name":"The European Journal of Psychology Applied to Legal Context","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123968301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}