Persistent Traffic Offenders: Alcohol Consumption and Personality as Predictors of Driving Disqualification

Abstract

espanolLa seguridad vial es un importante problema social. Muchos accidentes se deben al incumplimiento de las normas de trafico. Las infracciones graves o reiteradas se sancionan por la via administrativa o judicial y en ambos casos las sanciones pueden suponer la perdida del permiso de conducir. Este articulo explora la relevancia del alcohol y la personalidad como factores predictivos. El objetivo del estudio es determinar si el comportamiento delictivo de los infractores persistentes esta relacionado con sus caracteristicas de personalidad y patrones de consumo de alcohol. Se utilizo una muestra de 358 conductores: 232 infractores persistentes, a los que les habia sido retirado el carnet de conducir (127 por sentencia judicial y 105 por perdida total de puntos), y 126 conductores habituales no infractores. Se administro una bateria de pruebas que miden un conjunto de factores explicativos de personalidad y consumo de alcohol. Se utilizo un diseno transversal y se realizaron analisis estadisticos de varianza y regresion buscando diferencias entre los grupos. Los resultados revelan diferencias significativas en el tipo de infracciones y accidentes entre infractores de trafico y no infractores y entre ambas categorias de infractores. Ademas, ciertas variables, como el abuso de alcohol, altos niveles de actividad, activacion emocional, busqueda de sensaciones y la tendencia a la hostilidad durante la conduccion, pueden predecir con precision la pertenencia a uno u otro grupo. Los problemas con la bebida son el mejor predictor de la perdida del permiso de conducir, tanto por condena como por acumulacion de sanciones. EnglishTraffic safety is an important social problem. Many accidents are due to non-compliance with traffic regulations. Serious or repeated offenses are sanctioned with penalty points or court conviction, and sanctions can lead to disqualification from driving. This paper explores the relevance of alcohol consumption and personality factors as predictors of driving disqualification. The aim of the study is to determine whether the behaviors of persistent offenders and their propensity for law-breaking are related to their characteristics and patterns of drinking. A sample of 358 drivers participated in the study: 126 non-offender habitual drivers and 232 persistent traffic offenders disqualified from driving for serious or repeated traffic offenses, 127 of them after conviction, 105 without conviction (by accumulation of penalties). Participants were given a battery of tests measuring a set of explanatory personality and alcohol consumption factors. We used a cross-sectional study design and performed statistical analysis of variance and regression searching for differences among the groups. The results reveal group effects, with significant differences in a number of factors between traffic offenders and non-offenders, and between both categories of offenders in a number of variables, including traffic violations that lead to demerit points and/or loss of a driver’s license and crash involvement. Certain variables, including problem drinking, high levels of activity or excitement, penchant for thrill or sensation seeking, and propensity to hostility while driving, can accurately predict group membership. Alcohol disorders are the best predictors of disqualification from driving for serious or repeat traffic offenses, both penalized and convicted.