Environmental Advances最新文献

{"title":"Abiotic reductive dehalogenation of pharmaceuticals with naturally occurring redox mediators","authors":"Kerstin Gerundt ,&nbsp;Jörg Lewandowski ,&nbsp;Anke Putschew","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This preliminary study investigated whether a reductive dehalogenation of brominated, chlorinated and fluorinated pharmaceuticals is possible using redox mediators as found for iodinated x-ray contrast media. Iopamidol, iopromide, ambroxol, diclofenac, sitagliptin, hydrochlorothiazide and sertraline were treated with the redox mediator vitamin B₁₂, juglone, menadione and an iron- or a manganese porphyrin using the reducing agent titanium(III) citrate always in excess. Additionally, dihalogenated benzoic acids were treated as model compounds. Although the tests were done using different molar ratios of redox mediator to compound, as mixtures were applied, the results allow to conclude some main dependencies. The iodinated compounds were completely deiodinated within minutes to hours whereas (partial/complete) debromination needed days, depending on the mediator to compound ratio, both with a catalyzing effect by vitamin B₁₂ and an iron porphyrin. A concentration decrease of the chlorinated and fluorinated compounds (up to 50 %) was only observed with a high ratio of redox mediator to compound and no distinct dechlorination or defluorination was observed. However, other reductive transformations were found, partly for the first time for abiotic reductive transformation. Since only redox mediators with the lowest redox potential were able to catalyze the dehalogenation of compounds with lower carbon-halogen bond energy, the preliminary tests suggest that a dehalogenation in nature can only be expected for iodinated and brominated compounds under oxygen-free conditions with long residence time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100622"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of biomonitoring microplastics in environmental matrices: Emphasis on airborne particles, dry deposits, and comparative analysis with traditional methods","authors":"Faezeh Jahedi ,&nbsp;Neamatollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighi Fard ,&nbsp;Andrew Turner","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of plastics continues to rise each year due to their versatility and essential role in industries like manufacturing, agriculture, and food packaging. However, plastics present a serious environmental challenge because they take over 500 years to decompose. During this time, they break down into tiny particles known as microplastics (MPs), which are now found everywhere, water, soil, and even the air we breathe. Recently, researchers have even detected MPs in clouds, making their presence in the atmosphere a growing concern for both the environment and public health. Traditional methods for sampling MPs in the air, such as active and passive techniques, can be expensive and complicated, often requiring specialized equipment and expertise. This has sparked interest in biomonitoring—an eco-friendly alternative that uses plants, mosses, and lichens to naturally trap MPs from the air. Biomonitoring offers a simpler, more cost-effective, and non-invasive way to study airborne MPs, providing a potential solution for long-term monitoring of air quality. In this review, we examine studies that have explored the use of plants to monitor atmospheric MPs and compare these methods with traditional sampling techniques. We highlight the advantages and limitations of both approaches, focusing on how biomonitoring can offer important insights into the types, concentrations, and distribution of MPs in the air. Additionally, biomonitoring helps us understand how these pollutants might be impacting living organisms. With MP pollution becoming an increasingly urgent issue, this review underscores the value of biomonitoring as a practical and sustainable tool for policymakers and environmental managers looking to address the growing problem of atmospheric MPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal sewage sludge treatment and soil pH conclusively affect the nitrogen dynamics of amended soils","authors":"Georgios Giannopoulos ,&nbsp;Vasileios A. Tzanakakis ,&nbsp;Glykeria Duelli ,&nbsp;Ioannis Anastopoulos ,&nbsp;Vassilis G. Aschonitis ,&nbsp;George Arampatzis ,&nbsp;Pantelis E. Barouchas","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under the Circular Economy and EU Green Deal framework, sewage sludge represents an ideal soil amendment. Nonetheless, its agronomic use comes with an uncertainty of its capacity to release ample plant-available N. This study investigated the N dynamics of two contrasting soils (pH 5 and pH 8) amended with two types of stabilized sewage sludge, limed (LM) or air-dried (AD). A fertilized (F), and a non-amended treatment (C) were also included. During the mesocosm incubation of 90 days, soil type, sewage sludge type, and their interaction were significant (<em>p</em>&lt;0.05) factors affecting soil NO₃^-, NH₄⁺, N₂O, and CO₂. It appears that in acidic soils receiving sewage sludge, the relatively low soil pH inhibits NH₄+ oxidation, whereas in alkaline soils the relatively high pH inhibits NO₃- reduction. Cumulative CO₂ emissions were ∼1.3x greater in LM and AD than in F and C treatments, and cumulative N₂O emissions were ∼1.5x greater in AD only than in F and C treatments for both soils. However, sewage sludge amendments reduced ∼ 2% the N₂O emission factor compared to inorganic fertilization. Amended soils lost approx. 88 and 42% equivalent of the initial org. C as CO₂, for the acidic and alkaline soil, respectively. The alkaline soil, LM and AD treatments had significantly (<em>p</em>=0.01) more org. C than the C treatment, no significant differences were found for the acidic soil. Total N was on average 1.5 ±0.3 g Kg^-1 for both soils. Sewage sludge amended soils had a greater potential to supply N in the longer term, as evidenced by enhanced N mineralization rates in both soils. Trace-metal concentration increased in all treatments, yet it remained below legislative critical levels. Our preliminary results show that stabilized sewage sludge has the potential to be a safe soil amendment under the framework of Circular Economy and EU Green Deal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100618"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of heavy metals content and diversity of mercury-tolerant bacteria in heavy metal-polluted environmental samples and mercury bioremediation ability of isolated strains","authors":"Vinay Yadav ,&nbsp;Anjali Manjhi ,&nbsp;Nithya Vadakedath","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury contamination disrupts ecosystems by causing toxicity and bioaccumulation in higher trophic levels. This study inspected the heavy metals content and the culturable diversity of mercury-resistant and detoxifying bacteria in samples from dumping site, thermal power plant and sewage treatment plant situated in/near Chandigarh, India. Most of the analyzed heavy metals were found above the permissible limit in these sites. Among 87 isolated bacteria, 45 could resist &gt;200 µM ionic mercury (HgCl₂). Markedly, 10 and 4 isolates harbored the key genes required for mercury detoxification, <em>merA</em> and <em>merB</em> gene, respectively. The <em>merA</em> gene-containing strain's phylogeny indicated the resistant strains belong to <em>Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria</em><strong>,</strong> <em>Bacilli</em> and <em>Gammaproteobacteria</em>. Nine isolates could volatilize HgCl₂ efficiently, while two could volatilize organic mercury (CH₃HgCl). The isolates <em>Niallia circulans</em> DCL_26, <em>Serratia quinivorans</em> DCS_A1, and <em>Pseudomonas hibiscicola</em> R_24 were found to resist and volatilize up to ≥300 μM HgCl₂. Appreciably, <em>S. quinivorans</em> DCS_A1 could resist and remediate up to 6 μM of CH₃HgCl. A 5-fold reduction in ionic mercury concentration was observed within 72 h of treatment for all three tested strains. Phytotoxicity assay performed using <em>Arabidopsis thaliana</em> and <em>Brassica juncea</em> seeds confirmed the strains DCL_26, DCS_A1, and R_24 have the ability to remove mercury from culture media as well as industrial effluent and reduce mercury toxicity significantly. The study provides a green technology based on microbial systems to remediate mercury-contaminated wastewater for its use in crop irrigation. However, further studies are required for the sustainable and safer application of these novel isolates to remediate mercury efficiently.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100624"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive characterization for efficient adsorption of Tetracycline from wastewater from the synthesis of nanoparticles by batch and fluidized bed column","authors":"Inas S. Aldabagh ,&nbsp;Khalid Khazzal Hummadi","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel cost-effective reactive adsorbent, WS/MgONPs, composed of walnut shells (WS) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) prepared from magnesium acetate tetrahydrate, as verified by FE-SEM, EDX, BET, FTIR, and XRD studies. Was synthesized and shown excellent removal of tetracycline (TEC) from wastewater. The synthesized WS/MgONPs performed various batch and fluidized bed column studies to ascertain the optimal employed parameters. Results showed that WS/MgONPs adsorption capacity increases with the concentration gradient. A 0.07 g of the adsorbent was proven sufficient to remove &gt;87.4% of TEC initial dose of 50 mg/L in 1000 mL of deionized water with an agitation speed of 200 rpm for 70 min. The adsorption isotherms conformed to both the Langmuir and Freundlich models, but the Langmuir model exhibited a more accurate fit to experimental data, with loading capacity determined to be 216.511 mg/g at pH 7 and 25°C, while the pseudo-second-order model most accurately characterized the absorption kinetics, obtaining a rate constant of k₂ = 0.0025 g/mg min. Fluidized bed columns with various operational conditions were used, the minimum fluidization velocity (V_mf) of the bed was influenced by flow rate (Q), bed height (H_S), and initial concentration (C_o). Experiments work revealed that decreasing flow rate and concentration of TEC, while enhancing the sorbent mass, substantially extended the effective lifetime of the synthesis sorbent inside the fluidized bed column. The observed breakthrough curves were optimally fitted using the Thomas (TH) model, which yielded the greatest R² values with the minimal sum of squared errors (SSE). Finally, the results obtained highlight the novel synthesized WS/MgONPs exceptional effectiveness and eco-friendly in addressing TEC in pharmaceutical wastewater, establishing it as a viable option for sustainable and economical wastewater treatment solutions. This study provides significant insights into the creation of improved adsorption materials for pharmaceutical adsorption in wastewater treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100606"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Medicating the environment? A critical review on the risks of carbamazepine, diclofenac and ibuprofen to aquatic organisms” [Environmental Advances 7 (2022) pp. 1–14/100164]","authors":"Niña Sarah P. Batucan ,&nbsp;Louis A. Tremblay ,&nbsp;Grant L. Northcott ,&nbsp;Christoph D. Matthaei","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2023.100423","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100423"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143601092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of UV-C irradiance and wavelength on the photodegradation of dibromoacetonitrile","authors":"Lohita Rajesh,&nbsp;Joshua Fiorentino,&nbsp;Thomas Roberts,&nbsp;Sean T. McBeath,&nbsp;Mariana Lanzarini-Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) irradiation is practiced at the point-of-use and point-of-entry as a last barrier disinfection strategy. Interaction between UV-C light and chlroinated drinking water can result in photo-induced transformation and remediation of disinfection by-products (DBPs). The study investigates how engineering design factors (such as the wavelength and irradiance of UV-C LEDs) and experimental parameters (such as solvent and reactor volume) affect the degradation kinetics of a photolyzable nitrogenous DBP, dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN). UV-C LEDs with characteristic peak wavelengths of 265, 275, and 280 nm and output power of 32–40 mW were studied to degrade DBAN, where acetone and methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) were used as the preparation solvents. Quantum yield fluence-based kinetic rate constants (k_f), and electrical energy per order (EEO) were calculated for different experimental conditions. EEO was inversely related to quantum yield and lowest for the 265 nm high-power UV-C LED at 80.43 kWh/m³. A significant finding is that incident irradiance greatly impacted the degradation kinetics even when normalized by fluence. The 265 nm high-power LED resulted in 2.3-times higher quantum yield and fluence-based degradation kinetics than the 265 low-power LED and a corresponding 3.5 times lower EEO despite the same wavelength of irradiance. Lastly, we demonstrate that the solvent selected significantly impacts kinetics, where the degradation of DBAN with acetone is 2.28-times greater than with MtBE at the 275 nm wavelength. Indirect photochemical reactions increase observed degradation kinetics; therefore, solvents should be carefully selected for photochemical studies targeting water treatment. This study provides key insights to engineers, as well as an understanding of the impact of UV-C-based POU treatment design for drinking water systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143145389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multivariate hydrochemical assessment of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes and identifying soil interaction effects and dynamics of NDVI and urban development in alluvial region","authors":"Sher Muhammad Ghoto ,&nbsp;Dr. Habibullah Abbasi ,&nbsp;Sheeraz Ahmed Memon ,&nbsp;Khan Muhammad Brohi ,&nbsp;Rabia Chhachhar ,&nbsp;Asad Ali Ghanghlo ,&nbsp;Imran Aziz Tunio","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Groundwater quality assessment and evaluation for irrigation is critical for decision-making and planning. This study introduces an integrated novel approach to how different soil types interact with groundwater and the dynamics of NDVI and urban development in varied climatic conditions. It assesses the groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. It performs multivariate statistical analysis and geospatial methods to evaluate irrigation groundwater water quality. The parameters and variables were analyzed using correlation matrix analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and three-band urban index (3BUI) were calculated using the Landsat image to observe the spatial variation in vegetation cover and urban development, influencing groundwater quality within the region. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of each index for each sample showed insight into the data for irrigation water quality. According to the classified results, 43.75 % of samples fall in a good irrigation water quality index (IWQI) range with 35 samples. 28.75 % of samples fall in the suitable range with 23 samples. 21.25 % of the samples are very good, with 17 samples, and 3.75 % are unsuitable, with 3 out of 80. Only 2 % of the samples are in the excellent category, with 2 out of 80 samples. Moreover, the area experiences variations in groundwater quality due to different source interactions, such as geomorphological conditions and variations in soil, NDVI, urban, and climatic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100621"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143480673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil column leaching experiments – inverse modelling to derive environmental fate parameters","authors":"Stephan Sittig ,&nbsp;Thomas Augustin ,&nbsp;Siqi Cao ,&nbsp;Robin Sur","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For substances with very low sorption in the OECD study 106, a column leaching study according to OECD Guideline 312 is recommended. However, the method to evaluate these experiments is often not applicable due to breakthrough of the solute. Therefore, we suggest a new evaluation procedure by inverse modelling with HYDRUS-1D and PEST. Using an example substance as a case study, not only the final concentration profiles in the column were considered but also the breakthrough curves. The distribution coefficients between the liquid and the organic matter in the solid phase were determined with soil-pH dependent results in the range of 0.29 L/kg – 286 L/kg with reasonably small uncertainties. Comparison with a global solver (DREAM_ZS) corroborated the solutions. This procedure is suggested to determine sorption parameters for compounds currently not possible to evaluate in regulatory exposure assessments, considering numerical simulations and more robust parameter estimation including parameter uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143215963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) of Thai paediatricians in their child advocacy role regarding the health effects of particulate matter on children","authors":"Ratchaneewan Sinitkul ,&nbsp;Chanatpon Aonnuam ,&nbsp;Sasivimol Rattanasiri ,&nbsp;Wiparat Manuyakorn ,&nbsp;Aroonwan Preutthipan ,&nbsp;Harutai Kamalaporn","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) airway pollution is common in many large cities globally but is particularly prevalent in Asia. Paediatricians have been involved in a front role of child advocacy, but little is known about the knowledge, awareness, and practice (KAP) of PM_2.5 among them. This survey assessed the KAP of PM_2.5 among Thai paediatricians and explored links to improve PM_2.5 health protection in children. The electronic questionnaire was given to paediatricians across various regions of Thailand. Out of 400 respondents, 399 participated. Results showed high self-evaluated knowledge of PM, PM₁₀ and PM_2.5. Recognition of PM_2.5 impact on children's health, such as asthma, sinusitis, and recurrent infections, was notable. Less understood were the effects of abortion, congenital anomalies, and obesity. Over 90 % agreed their communities faced PM_2.5 problems and advocating for PM_2.5 protection was a paediatrician's role, but 55 % felt confident in community communication about PM_2.5. Based on the recommendations of the Royal College of Pediatricians of Thailand (RCPT), the practice score indicated that 94 % could advise on PM_2.5 prevention. Knowledge, awareness, and practice related to PM_2.5 issues were associated with each other. Age, subspecialty graduation, advocacy role agreement, and awareness of PM_2.5 in their community were also linked to confidence in public communication with PM_2.5 issues.</div><div>In conclusion, associations between knowledge, awareness, and practice related to PM_2.5 were observed among Thai paediatricians. While awareness and general knowledge were high, confidence in community communication was relatively low. Recommendations include improving public communication skills and providing environmental health learning opportunities during training and continuing education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100605"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143144897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}