Environmental Advances最新文献

{"title":"Potentially toxic metal contents in common insecticides and fungicides sold in Bangladeshi marketplaces and their burden to farm soils","authors":"H.M. Zakir,&nbsp;Aninda Sarker,&nbsp;Minhaj Uddin,&nbsp;Phalguni Das,&nbsp;Q.F. Quadir,&nbsp;Mahbubul Islam,&nbsp;Sadia Binta Farid,&nbsp;Ayesha Siddika","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100680","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100680","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The objectives of this research were to measure the contents of potentially toxic metals in popular insecticides and fungicides that are sold in several Bangladeshi marketplaces and to evaluate their loads on farmlands. The contents of As, Cu, Fe, and Mn in insecticide and fungicide samples varied from below detectable limit (bdl)‒47.78, 47.93‒495.9, 272.1‒3218, and 9.54‒203.0 µg g⁻¹ and bdl‒2.14, 52.50‒979.4, 79.67‒3718, and 38.42‒9721 µg g⁻¹, respectively. The study revealed that the concentration of potentially toxic metals varied significantly among the same groups of insecticides and fungicides, which might be due to the use of low-quality ingredients during the manufacturing of pesticides. Comparative results showed that the concentrations of As and Cu in insecticides and Cu and Fe in fungicides sold in Bangladeshi markets were significantly greater than those of other nations. The study results suggest that fungicides contributed more potentially toxic metals to the nation's farm soils than insecticides did. Additionally, the mean total metal burden in fields increased in the following order: As &lt; Cu &lt; Fe &lt; Mn. In contrast, the mean relative abundance load of metals in insecticides was higher for As followed by Cu, whereas in fungicides, the sequence was Cu &gt; Mn &gt; As &gt; Fe. The PCA results indicated that the use of fungicides had the most significant effect on the soil burden of Cu, Fe, and Mn, as well as the total potentially toxic metals burden. The study concluded by recommending that pesticide manufacturing companies must obtain certification to verify the quality of their products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural abundance sediment δ15N as a proxy for long-term gross N-turnover processes, GHG emissions, and denitrification hotspots within fluvial ecosystems","authors":"Ricky Mwangada Mwanake,&nbsp;Elizabeth Gachibu Wangari,&nbsp;Hanna-Marie Kikowatz,&nbsp;Matti Allgaier,&nbsp;Allison Kolar,&nbsp;Ralf Kiese","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100685","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100685","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen-rich agricultural headwater streams are known hotspots for fluvial greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and denitrification, yet the underlying processes driving these elevated rates are not fully understood. In this study, we examined these mechanisms by combining measurements of gross nitrogen turnover processes, open-channel GHG and N₂ saturation (%) and fluxes, and δ¹⁵N isotopic analysis of stream sediment and water at nine headwater stream sites with varying levels of agricultural land use. To assess seasonal patterns, data were collected across two transitional periods: spring–summer and winter–spring. Catchment land use emerged as an important environmental driver of variability, as open channel GHG emissions and denitrification rates were up to 11 times higher in fertilized grasslands and croplands compared to those in forested areas. In-vitro nitrogen turnover rates followed a similar trend and were mainly positively related to both GHG and N₂ oversaturation. This finding suggests that the excess nitrogen inputs in agricultural streams promote enhanced nitrogen turnover and gaseous carbon and nitrogen losses. We also observed a proportional increase in CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, and N₂ saturation in the water column with sediment δ¹⁵N enrichment, a known indicator of long-term nitrogen turnover processes. Because the highest GHG emissions and denitrification N₂ losses occurred within streams in fertilized areas, our findings highlight the potential of using sediment δ¹⁵N as an indicator of long-term anthropogenic hotspots of fluvial GHG emissions and denitrification rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100685"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of different subsampling intervals with time-based composite sampling for decentralized wastewater monitoring programs","authors":"Alma Y. Rocha ,&nbsp;Maryam Fani ,&nbsp;Cheyenne Greer-Potts ,&nbsp;Julie Arvizu ,&nbsp;Vanessa Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Francisco Armando Santos Ponce ,&nbsp;Athena Chaparro ,&nbsp;Libby Skiles ,&nbsp;Matthew E. Verbyla","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring the microbial quality of wastewater in decentralized systems, including those serving small communities and individual buildings, is important for a variety of reasons, including wastewater surveillance and assessing the performance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems. However, temporal fluctuations in flow rates and contaminant loadings can cause high variations in sample concentrations. This requires the need to optimize methods to collect, process, and analyze samples in these settings. Composite samples have been recommended over grab samples, but there is still limited understanding about the influence of subsampling intervals on estimates of contaminant loadings. To address this gap in the literature, the effect of subsample collection frequency on virus concentrations measured in time-based composite samples from residential buildings at a university campus was assessed. For time-based composite samples, there was a relationship between subsampling frequency and the variance in measured concentrations, with variance increasing with decreasing subsampling frequency. The variability in the virus concentrations measured in composite samples with subsampling intervals of 1 to 3 h was similar to the variability in concentrations from composite samples with subsampling intervals of 15 min. The comparison of wastewater concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 with confirmed cases in the respective buildings showed higher positive predictive values and similar specificity but lower negative predictive values and lower sensitivity compared to other building-level wastewater surveillance studies. The inclusion or exclusion of grab samples did not significantly change the predictive metrics. Reducing the subsampling interval for composite samples can have meaningful implications for improving the energy efficiency and reducing the environmental impact, as well as the time and costs associated with maintaining and repairing sampling equipment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100684"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From sink to Sea: Microplastic release from kitchen sponges and potential environmental effects","authors":"Leandra Hamann ,&nbsp;Christina Galafton ,&nbsp;Peter T. Rühr ,&nbsp;Alexander Blanke ,&nbsp;Nils Thonemann","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are released during the extraction, production, usage, or end-of-life stage of plastic products and cause negative effects for organisms and humans. Kitchens have recently been identified as hot spots for MP release, however, only few household items have been analyzed for their MP release quantities and related environmental effects. Here, we determined the MP release of kitchen sponges based on a combination of citizen science and laboratory experiments and performed life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the resulting ecosystem damage. The results show the plastics in the sponges are released into the wastewater as MPs due to abrasion. The total MP release from different sponges into the wastewater stream ranges between 0.682 ± 0.566 and 4.212 ± 3.039 g of MP per year and person. The damage to ecosystem quality per 100 hours of dishwashing ranges between 6.26 PDF*m2*yr and 9.73 PDF*m2*yr. Most of the damage is caused by the water usage during manual dishwashing rather than material production or abrasion. A sponge declared as organic contained the least amount of plastic (15.9 w%), which led to the lowest MP release and lowest damage to the ecosystem compared to a sponge with a higher plastic share (59.3 w%). Therefore, a lower plastic share in kitchen sponges can significantly reduce MP release and related negative effects in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valuing urban natural capital for health and resilience: A stakeholder-informed system dynamics model for Dublin","authors":"Maya Clinton ,&nbsp;Felix Sinnott ,&nbsp;Branislav Kaleta ,&nbsp;Stephen Campbell ,&nbsp;Angel Harper ,&nbsp;Jolanta Burke ,&nbsp;Jimmy O’Keeffe","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban natural capital - including trees, soils, grasslands, and waterways - supports flood mitigation, air-quality regulation, carbon storage, and human well-being. However, urban greening interventions such as planting, de-paving, and maintenance are often planned and budgeted in isolation, limiting their long-term effectiveness. We co-produced a system dynamics model for Dublin that integrates seven land-cover classes with hydrological, air-quality, carbon, biodiversity, and access-related services, informed by participatory stakeholder workshops. The model was used to explore four 15-year scenarios (2025–2040), representing policy-aligned investment, no planting, underfunded maintenance, and reduced community engagement pathways, alongside sensitivity analysis of maintenance funding.</div><div>Results indicate that an integrated strategy - combining sustained planting, gradual conversion of sealed surfaces to permeable green space, adequate operations and maintenance, and community stewardship - produces durable ecosystem-service and health benefits over time. In contrast, scenarios with underfunded maintenance exhibit endogenous failure modes, including declining tree health, stalled canopy growth, and substantially reduced hydrological and health outcomes, despite similar planting efforts. Sensitivity analysis highlights maintenance funding as the dominant driver of long-term performance, with positive economic returns emerging only when funding approaches full requirements.</div><div>By representing feedbacks, delays, and governance constraints, the model demonstrates how well-documented urban-forestry mechanisms interact dynamically to shape long-term outcomes. The study contributes a transferable, stakeholder-informed system dynamics framework that complements static natural-capital valuation approaches and supports realistic, policy-relevant evaluation of nature-based strategies in cities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100683"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide spatiotemporal modeling of air pollutants in Japan using generalized random forest models","authors":"Akihiro Shiroshita ,&nbsp;Yuki Kataoka ,&nbsp;Keisuke Anan ,&nbsp;Nobuyuki Yajima","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2025.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent advancements in mixture modeling of air pollutants and their health impacts have underscored the importance of estimating a wide range of air pollutants with high spatiotemporal resolution. This study aimed to develop high-performance and computationally efficient models for estimating various air pollutants across Japan. We constructed separate generalized random forest (GRF) models to predict daily mean ambient concentrations of particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in diameter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), total hydrocarbons (THCs), and photochemical oxidants (Ox) at a spatial resolution of 0.74 km² from 2010 to 2022. Input variables included inverse-distance-weighted (IDW) interpolated pollutant concentrations, satellite data, emission inventories, land use, traffic data, meteorological data, and population density. Additionally, we developed simplified GRF models using only IDW-interpolated pollutant concentrations. Model performance was evaluated using the leave-one-location-out cross-validated statistics. Approximately 2,000 monitoring stations were distributed across Japan. For PM_2.5, NO₂, and Ox, both the full and reduced models demonstrated strong predictive performance, characterized by low median absolute errors and root mean squared errors, as well as high R² values (0.91, 0.71, and 0.89, respectively) at the daily level. Notably, reduced models relying solely on IDW interpolation achieved predictive accuracy comparable to that of the full models, suggesting that in regions with dense monitoring networks, cross-pollutant information may be useful to maintain strong model performance without incorporating additional environmental covariates. GRF models for other pollutants showed lower performance. In conclusion, we developed high-performing and computationally efficient GRF models for PM_2.5, NO₂, and Ox across Japan from 2010 to 2022.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updating our quantification of non-occupational pesticide exposure in agricultural settings: A revised algorithm for the agricultural health study","authors":"Shuai Xie ,&nbsp;Nicole C Deziel ,&nbsp;Pabitra R Josse ,&nbsp;Jessica M Madrigal ,&nbsp;Christine G Parks ,&nbsp;Dale P Sandler ,&nbsp;Gabriella Andreotti ,&nbsp;Mary H Ward ,&nbsp;Jonathan N Hofmann ,&nbsp;Laura E Beane Freeman ,&nbsp;Melissa C Friesen","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding associations between pesticide exposure and chronic disease requires long-term, chemical-specific estimates. To characterize non-occupational pesticide exposure in the Agricultural Health Study (AHS), we previously developed a quantitative algorithm that estimated active ingredient-specific exposure to estimate exposure for the take-home, agricultural drift, and residential use pathways, with weights derived from indoor pesticide dust concentrations in agricultural homes from ten studies published through 2015. Here, we describe an update. First, we expanded our meta-analysis to include data from nine additional studies published through 2024. We then calculated relative differences (RD) in pesticide concentrations, with sensitivity analyses for AHS data, for known use of the specific pesticide, and for herbicides vs. insecticides. For take-home, the RD was 2.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9-3.4) between homes with a resident likely vs. not likely to have occupational exposure to pesticides, increasing to 3.7 (95%CI: 1.9-7.4) with known use of the pesticide. For agricultural drift, we observed non-linear trends with distance from treated fields; the RD was 1.9 (95%CI: 1.2-2.8) for homes located &lt;100 vs. &gt;440 yards from field, increasing to 4.2 (95%CI: 1.7-10) with known use of the pesticide. For residential use, we observed trends with increasing probability the pesticide was used, with a RD of 1.6 (95%CI: 1.3-2.0) with ≥20% probability. Our updated findings were used to re-conceptualize the algorithm; we illustrate its application for chlorpyrifos and atrazine. These refinements provide increased confidence in our exposure characterization and will help advance our knowledge of potential health risks related to non-occupational pesticide exposures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100690"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal profiling of antimicrobial agents during wastewater treatment – a national study","authors":"Adegbenro P. Daso ,&nbsp;Holly J. Tipper ,&nbsp;Daniel S. Read ,&nbsp;Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective wastewater treatment is critical for public health; however, the persistence of antimicrobial chemicals within these systems presents challenges and potential risks to microbial ecology, treatment efficiencies, the spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and the potential environmental impacts of partially treated effluents. To understand the inputs and removals of antimicrobials in wastewater treatment, we measured, in the most comprehensive study to date, an extended list of 55 antimicrobial agents (AA) and their metabolites at ten wastewater treatment works (WwTWs) across England and Wales over six sampling campaigns in a one-year longitudinal study. A total of 204 wastewater and 135 sludge samples were collected resulting in 79,555 AA data points. Our results revealed significant temporal and spatial variability among the different AA groups, reflecting their variable usage patterns. Most AAs peaked in daily loads during the January or March sampling campaigns (except for lincosamides, quinolones, tuberculosis drugs, azoles, and antiretrovirals), whereas all AA groups experienced a significant reduction in their daily loads during the July sampling campaign. Clear spatial and temporal variabilities in per-capita AA usage were also observed likely due to seasonal usage patterns. Removal of AAs was group and individual AA dependent and highly variable, with &gt;75% removal of lincosamides, some macrolides, nitrofurans, and &lt;75% removal of β-lactams, glycopeptides, with some macrolides and sulfonamides being highly variable. Quinolones had very low removals with mean and median removal rates of –31.7 and –3.7%, respectively. Furthermore, comparison between trickling filter and activated sludge systems, which are the two most common biological treatment processes employed in the UK, suggests that trickling filter systems had comparable or even higher removal rates than the activated sludge systems for most AAs, except for azoles. Furthermore, due to the high variability in AA removal, no significant differences were observed in the overall removal efficiency among the tested sampling sites or across the same technologies. This indicates substantial heterogeneity in AA removal and highlights potential challenges in optimizing wastewater treatment performance for improved AA removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100696"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tourism, waste management and macroplastic accumulation in headwater riparian-stream ecosystems","authors":"Delfina Cornejo ,&nbsp;Eugènia Martí ,&nbsp;Henar Margenat ,&nbsp;Joaquim Serra-Rada ,&nbsp;Mònica Martínez ,&nbsp;Helena Guasch","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100691","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100691","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution is widespread across ecosystems, yet studies in fluvial environments have predominantly focused on lowland agricultural and urban areas. This study aims at expanding this perspective by investigating how tourism-related activities in mountain regions influence macroplastic (MacP; &gt; 5 cm) pollution in stream-riparian ecosystems. We selected two mountain rivers: the Valira del Nord (Andorra) and the Ter River (Catalonia), each subject to varying degrees of anthropogenic pressure. MacP was sampled at seven sites on three occasions under different environmental conditions and characterized by abundance, use type category and polymer composition. MacP were found at all sites except the most pristine site, indicating that MacP pollution is present even in remote, protected mountain regions. Considering all sites together, MacP abundances ranged in items from null to 0.16 items/m² and in mass from null to 5.38 g/m². The dominance of plastic fragments indicates a significant contribution from legacy pollution and in situ fragmentation. The Valira del Nord River exhibited greater polymer diversity than the Ter River, which was primarily composed of polyethylene. No consistent correlation emerged between MacP abundance and indicators of human pressure or main catchment land use. Instead, regional differences suggest that local waste management practices and visitor behavior are key drivers of MacP pollution in the study streams. This emphasizes the urgent need to improve regulation, public education, and targeted monitoring to mitigate plastic pollution in mountain stream–riparian ecosystems from touristic regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depth-stratified oxygen stress index for quantifying vertical hypoxia and enabling precise management in stratified reservoirs","authors":"Amin Arzhangi ,&nbsp;Sadegh Partani ,&nbsp;Ladan Fallah Mehrjerdi","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2026.100694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces the Depth-Stratified Oxygen Stress Index (DS_OSI), a depth-explicit metric designed to quantify vertical hypoxia in thermally stratified reservoirs. Hypoxia, which threatens drinking water quality, irrigation supplies, and aquatic ecosystems, is commonly assessed using fixed dissolved oxygen thresholds or complex process-based models that overlook depth-dependent interactions between temperature, ionic content, and stratification intensity. The DS_OSI, developed from vertical profiles of temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen collected at 3–5 meter intervals to a depth of 35 meters in the Sabalan Dam reservoir during peak summer stratification, achieves R² values greater than 0.92. The model offers an unprecedented framework for quantifying oxygen stress, enabling precise estimation of hypoxic volumes and onset depths. It contributes to the sustainable management of water resources by providing a reliable tool for mitigating hypoxia and supporting long-term reservoir health in stratified aquatic systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100694"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147384926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}