Environmental Advances最新文献

{"title":"Impact of residential hot water heater type and water stagnation on drinking water quality within a full-scale premise plumbing system","authors":"Helen Y Buse ,&nbsp;Josh Steenbock ,&nbsp;Sara Okum ,&nbsp;Nicole Sojda ,&nbsp;Sharon Kidney ,&nbsp;Johnny Brossart ,&nbsp;Dave Elstun ,&nbsp;Eric Weaver ,&nbsp;Sue Witt","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100599","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100599","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Premise plumbing systems (PPSs), which are connected to the main drinking water distribution system via service lines, are a primary source for human exposure to chemical and microbial contaminants through inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact. To understand the occurrence and distribution of drinking water contaminants in these systems, this study utilized a full-scale PPS and monitored operational parameters and water quality changes for 26 weeks. The PPS contained natural gas- and electric-powered instantaneous and tank hot water heaters (HWHs), each supplying separate sinks and a single shower stall. Total water, gas, and electric usage was monitored daily. Over 400 water samples were collected at 11 timepoints across a 26-week period. Samples represented 4 types: Supply, Hot, Cold, and Shower water, with either stagnant (after an 8-hour period of no water usage), 10-15 second, and/or 5–10-minute flushed samples collected. Lower heterotrophic plate count (HPC) levels were observed in Shower and Hot water samples compared to those in the Supply Line, with most Hot water samples displaying decreases in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels post flushing. Water quality differences were also observed between Hot water samples supplied by instantaneous and tank HWHs, such as temperature, oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), conductivity, chlorine levels, and US regulated disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Spearman tests indicated very strong to perfect negative correlations between DBPs, ORP, and free chlorine in Hot and Shower water samples. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clustering of Cold and Hot water samples, supplied either by instantaneous or tank HWH samples, which were driven by differences in temperature, HPC/ATP, DBPs, conductivity, and disinfectant residual. These differences were also impacted by water stagnation as observed by the separate clustering of respective stagnant and flushed HWH samples. Collectively, HWH system and water age (i.e., stagnation) and type strongly influenced chemical and microbial water quality and furthers the understanding of the impacts PPS design and engineering parameters have on water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100599"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation pathways of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl compounds: Removal in water and soil using fungi and plant-based remediation","authors":"Oladayo Amed Idris,&nbsp;Mariana Erasmus","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many known purification systems have failed in the removal of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), and there is no known natural degradation process. PFAS are a group of synthetic fluoroorganic compounds that have a unique dual nature of both lipophobic and hydrophobic, as well as high-energy chemical bonds that make them pervasive in the environment. Currently, these compounds receive less attention; however, they pose serious health problems. Studies have shown PFAS's dispersion pathways, health concerns, and suggestions for their removal in soil and water, but there is still limited information on the natural or subjective degradation of the compounds. Several technologies, such as phytoremediation, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and photolysis, have been demonstrated to remove PFAS. However, these techniques come with their challenges and drawbacks, especially in the complete removal of the compounds. Thus, this overview described the pathways and mechanisms of some PFAS, including biotransformation pathways of 6:2 FTOH, biotransformation and degradation pathways of 8:2 FTOH, and fragmentation pathways for PFOA, PFOS, and 8:2 FTOH, degraded by the <em>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</em> fungus. Furthermore, this study suggests that the integration of plants and fungi into constructed wetland technology holds promise for effective PFAS removal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-target screening analysis of hazardous noxious substances using gas chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry","authors":"Chun Yang,&nbsp;Gong Zhang,&nbsp;Keval Shah,&nbsp;Lauren Brown,&nbsp;Zeyu Yang,&nbsp;Bruce Hollebone,&nbsp;Patrick Lambert,&nbsp;Vanessa Beaulac","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The forensic investigation of hazardous noxious substances (HNS) is paramount for an effective response to chemical spill emergencies and other accidents. Analyzing unknown emergency samples poses a challenge due to the limited availability of background information, making the selection of appropriate sample preparation and analytical methodologies difficult. The utilization of high-resolution mass spectrometers (HRMS) in screening both target and non-target substances proves instrumental in revealing hazardous substances that may be overlooked alongside the intended analytes. In this study, a gas chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight mass spectrometer (GC-QTOF-MS) was employed to identify numerous organic compounds in an indoor dust sample. The compounds detected encompassed normal alkanes, fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated), alcohols, phenols, sterols, drugs, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), pesticides, flame retardants (such as polybrominated biphenyl ethers, PBDEs), plasticizers (such as phthalates and phosphates), among others. Notably, concentrations of n-alkanes, fatty acids, and phthalates were relatively high, while PAHs and pesticides were present at trace levels. The application of GC-QTOF-MS provides a swift and confirmative approach for analyzing target, suspect, and non-target compounds in both routine and emergency scenarios. This methodology proves invaluable in enhancing our capability to comprehensively assess and address chemical incidents, ensuring a more thorough and accurate response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142593423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of land use types on the soil physicochemical characteristics of Inyi community, Enugu State, Nigeria: Application of multivariate statistical, and eco-toxicological and human risk model approaches","authors":"Onyeka Fabian Obumselu ,&nbsp;Nwabueze Igu ,&nbsp;Ebere Anarado ,&nbsp;Chinonso Mgbeokwere ,&nbsp;Chinenye Okolo ,&nbsp;Chideraa Courage Offor","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The constant and increased use of arable lands for cultivation has led to its degradation; hence the impacts of different land-use patterns on the soil physical and chemical properties were investigated. Soil samples (n = 36) were collected from the oil palm plantation (OPP), cashew plantation (CP) and untampered forest (UF), in Inyi community, Enugu State, Nigeria. They were air-dried, sieved, and analyzed for their physicochemical properties. The results revealed that the average soil pH ranged from 5.9 to 8.2. Moisture and carbon contents ranged from 6.3 to 35.4, and 3.5 to 6.7 % respectively. Low CEC values were recorded for all the soil samples. The total mean soil textural fractions decreased as follows: sand &gt; clay &gt; silt. Also, the total mean concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg in the study area decreased in the order: OPP&gt;UF&gt;CP, OPP&gt;UF&gt;CP, UF&gt;OPP&gt;CP, and OPP&gt;UF&gt;CP respectively while the S, NO₃^-, NO₂^-, and HCO₃^- followed the order; OPP&gt;UF&gt;CP, UF&gt;OPP&gt;CP, OPP&gt;CP&gt;UF, and CP&gt;OPP&gt;UF respectively. The soil ecological risk index was &lt; 40 in all sample locations, indicating slight contamination of the study area. Therefore, regular monitoring and soil nutrient management practices should be maintained and encouraged.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100594"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of weathered polystyrene collected from the marine environment on oxidative stress responses in Zophobas morio larvae: A preliminary study","authors":"Paolo Cocci,&nbsp;Valentina Mazzocchi,&nbsp;Mario Marconi,&nbsp;Gilberto Mosconi,&nbsp;Francesco Alessandro Palermo","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foamed polystyrene (PS) is a prevalent material in consumer products and thus represents one of the largest constituents of marine litter. PS may interact with and be ingested by various organisms, including insects, which are starting to be used in biodegradation of plastic wastes. This study examines the physiological performances and the potential oxidative stress related to dietary environmental PS exposure of <em>Z. morio</em> larvae. Experimental groups were fed different diets: bran and oatmeal (control), weathered PS collected from the marine environment, and virgin PS. Over a 30-day feeding period, larvae growth, survival, and PS consumption were measured, together with antioxidant enzymatic activities and gene expression profiles. Results showed that PS ingestion supports larval growth similarly to bran, but the two PS-fed groups consumed a different amount of plastic, suggesting that weathered PS might affect the patterns of PS consumption by larvae. We denoted that PS consumption was associated with a decline in total antioxidant capacity, which showed the highest decrease in the environmental PS group. Marked increases in oxidative stress biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity/mRNA levels and malondialdehyde content were also observed in the environmental PS-fed group, indicating an elevated oxidative stress response, probably due to pollutants adsorbed/absorbed on PS. Differently to SOD, catalase at both mRNA and enzyme activity levels was found to be significantly reduced by PS digestion, regardless of PS type. The mRNA levels of glutathione s-transferase (GST) were significantly higher in the environmental PS-fed larvae compared to the virgin PS-fed group. In addition, Principal Component Analysis clearly distinguished between larvae fed different PS types, highlighting the enhanced oxidative stress caused by the ingestion of PS collected from marine environments. These results support the potential of insects in plastic biodegradation processes but also demonstrate the health hazards of using environmental PS as principal dietary component in <em>Z. morio</em> larvae, thus questioning their use in downstream productions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100593"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and severe COVID-19: mortality and hospital admission to COVID-19 in the Netherlands from february to december 2020","authors":"José H. Jacobs ,&nbsp;Maciej Strak ,&nbsp;Guus J․M. Velders ,&nbsp;Jelle Zorn ,&nbsp;Lenny Hogerwerf ,&nbsp;Mariana Simões ,&nbsp;Suzanne Mijnen-Visser ,&nbsp;Joost Wesseling ,&nbsp;Miriam E. Gerlofs-Nijland ,&nbsp;Lidwien A․M. Smit ,&nbsp;Roel Vermeulen ,&nbsp;Saskia van der Zee ,&nbsp;Lapo Mughini-Gras ,&nbsp;Massimo Stafoggia","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to examine acute effects of exposure to ambient air pollution on COVID-19 hospital admissions and mortality in the Netherlands. We hypothesized that exposure to increased air pollution in the preceding week might trigger an exacerbation of health of infected individuals.</div><div>Associations between daily concentrations of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm (PM2.5) and ≤10 µm (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃) and risk of hospital admissions and mortality due to COVID-19 from February to December 2020 was analyzed across all 352 Dutch municipalities grouped into 12 provinces. Time-series models were used to fit province-specific estimates, followed by meta-analyses to produce national estimates. Analyses were based on daily averages of PM2.5, PM10, NO₂, and maximum 8-hour running average of O₃ on a 1×1 km grid and averaged on municipality level by population weight. Models were adjusted for spatiotemporal confounders, including government policies in response to the number of COVID-19 infections. Since there were only few COVID-19 cases during the summertime when O₃ levels were highest, associations between O₃ and COVID-19 health outcomes were not further explored.</div><div>We found associations between exposure to air pollution in the preceding week (average of lag 0-7 days) and COVID-19 hospital admissions and mortality. On a national level, an interquartile range increase in PM2.5, PM10 and NO₂ exposure was associated with 11-12% increased mortality risk; the risk for hospital admissions was higher: 19-25%. Observed associations were more robust for PM than NO₂ in two-pollutant models.</div><div>Our results suggest that short-term exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 may increase the risk of COVID-19 mortality and hospital admission. This indicates that, consistent with previous studies on air pollution and respiratory infections, the population at risk of being hospitalized or dying of COVID-19 is extra vulnerable to the adverse effects of short-term air pollution exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment evaluation indices point to cadmium and selenium contamination: A simultaneous analysis of potentially toxic elements in the water and sediment along the upper and middle Awash River, Ethiopia","authors":"Tesfaye Muluye ,&nbsp;Seyoum Mengistou ,&nbsp;Thomas Hein ,&nbsp;Tadesse Fetahi","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100595","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100595","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a simultaneous analysis of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the water and sediment of the upper and middle Awash River for the first time. We used standard field and laboratory procedures, sediment assessment indices and guidelines, and multivariate statistical methods to analyze PTEs and assess their possible sources. Water and sediment samples were collected from nine sampling sites, and PTEs were analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer. The PTEs concentrations arranged in descending order in water were Fe&gt;Mn&gt;B&gt;Zn&gt;Cr&gt;Ni&gt;Pb&gt;Cu, ranging between 4.14 ± 2.093 mg L ¹ and 0.074 ± 0.016 mg L ¹. The level of PTEs in the sediment varied between 24,493.6 ± 16,640.3 mg kg^-1 and 0.4 ± 0.2 mg kg^-1 and follows the order: Fe&gt;Mn&gt;Cr&gt;Zn&gt;Pb&gt;Ni&gt;B&gt;Se&gt;Co&gt;Cu&gt;Cd&gt;Hg&gt;As. The river-mouth of the upper Awash had the highest concentrations of Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cu in water and Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb, Co, Se, Cu, Cd, and AS in the sediment. Contamination factor, enrichment factor, and geo-accumulation index showed a very high level of contamination of Se and Cd. The ecological risk index, Nemerow pollution index, and pollution load index also indicated a high ecological risk and pollution by PTEs in the river. The levels of Fe, Pb, Ni, Mn, B, and Cr in the water surpassed Ethiopian/WHO's drinking water guidelines, while the levels of Cd, Hg, and Cr in the sediment exceeded Canadian/Ontario's probable/severe effect levels. This study revealed the presence of ecological degradation at the downstream sites of the upper and middle Awash. The most likely sources of contaminants were identified as small-scale agricultural pollution, residential and commercial waste from towns like Addis Ababa, Merti, and Metehara, and the inflow of Lake Beseka. We recommend an integrated management plan for the Awash River to ensure sustainable use of the water, guarantee the well-being of wildlife, and reduce public health risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142433697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomonitoring of exposure to metals and metalloids using toenail and fingernail sampling in individuals from artisanal gold mining areas in Mali","authors":"Zeïnaba Diarra,&nbsp;Denis Dieme,&nbsp;Michèle Bouchard","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100589","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100589","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artisanal gold mining can release metallic elements in the environment that can result in occupational and environmental exposures. This pilot study aimed to assess exposure to metals and metalloids from fingernail and toenail samples in artisanal gold mine workers, inhabitants of a mining and non-mining village in Mali. As it can be particularly challenging to collect and transport biological samples from remote areas, nail sample collection was tested as a potential choice for multielement biomonitoring. A convenience sampling of 315 individuals was performed equally distributed in each location group (105 per location) and stratified by populational group (male adults, female adults, and people &lt;18 years). Toenail and fingernail samples were collected from each participant and twenty-one elements (aluminum (Al), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), gallium (Ga), iron (Fe), lithium (Li), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), strontium (Sr), thallium (Th), uranium (u), vanadium (v) and zinc (Zn)) were quantified. Concentrations of 12 elements in fingernails and/or toenails were significantly higher in the mine worker group, in particular As, Co and Cu in both toenails and fingernails. In the mine worker group specifically, As concentrations in both fingernails and toenails were higher in males. Most metals also had a strong positive correlation overall. Both fingernails and toenails appear as interesting biomonitoring matrices for multielement exposure assessment with an impact of different variables, such as mining exposure and sex, on internal levels. The study also highlighted the importance of further human exposure assessment related to artisanal gold mining in Mali, including the identification of other environmental sources of exposure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100589"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the novel advanced electrooxidation process for decolorization of recalcitrant dyes (Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B, Congo Red): Effect of operating factors","authors":"Thanaree Dokpikul,&nbsp;Jiratchaya Umpanhorm,&nbsp;Thanyamas Choldhichanand,&nbsp;Pannika Duangkaew,&nbsp;Songkeart Phattarapattamawong","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The research aims to develop an advanced electrooxidation process for decolorization of recalcitrant dye. To enhance the radical formation, a combination of UV irradiation and electrooxidation (UV/EO) is used. Methylene Blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RB) and Congo Red (CR) dyes were used as model compounds to represent recalcitrant dyes. The performance of UV/EO process was investigated under various operating factors (i.e., current density (CD), voltage, pH, NaCl, anodic material), and compared with chlorination, UV irradiation, and electrooxidation (EO) process. MB was the highest resistant dye to the UV/EO process. The UV/EO process exhibited a synergistic effect on decolorization, and it removed MB 1.35 time faster than the EO process. Based on indirect determination of •OH, the •OH formation in the EO process was 2.4 ×10⁻¹³ M, which lower than that in the UV/EO process by 4 times. The second-order rate constant for MB oxidation by HO• (<span><math><msub><mi>k</mi><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>O</mi><mo>•</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>M</mi><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub></math></span>) was 3.31 × 10⁹ M⁻¹s⁻¹. The pseudo 1^st-order decolorization kinetic (<em>k’</em>) was independent with voltages, but directly depended on CD and NaCl concentrations. Lower pH enhanced the <em>k’</em> value. The specific energy consumption was in a range of 0.408 – 5.303 kWh/m³, depending on the <em>k’</em> value. The energy consumption decreased with higher the <em>k’</em> value, except for increasing CD. The Boron Doped Diamond (BDD) was more effective in the decolorization rate than dimensional active anode (DSA) by 1.6 times. Treatment of industrial dye wastewater by the UV/EO process eliminated color intensity (ADMI), COD, and BOD₅ by 80 %, 91 %, and 9 %, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality attributable to ambient PM2.5 exposure across regions in China from 2005 to 2020","authors":"Lei Wan ,&nbsp;Michael Tong ,&nbsp;Xuemei Bai ,&nbsp;Sotiris Vardoulakis","doi":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.envadv.2024.100591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>China has implemented rigorous clean air policies since 2013 to address PM_2.5 pollution particularly affecting economically developed regions. The Fusion relative risk model was recently developed to better capture the association between long-term PM_2.5 exposure and mortality risk, but it has not been used in China.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We estimated cause-specific PM_2.5 attributable deaths among adults (≥ 25 years) across China over 2005–2020 at a 0.1° × 0.1° spatial resolution using the Fusion model, and also adopted the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) for comparison. We investigated 31 provinces and targeted five mega city clusters: Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei cluster (BTH), Yangtze River Delta cluster (YRD), Pearl River Delta cluster (PRD), Cheng–Yu cluster (CY) and Middle reaches of the Yangtze River cluster (MYR).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The Fusion model estimated PM_2.5 attributable deaths increased from 2.38 million (95 % UI: 2.06-2.64) in 2005 to 2.68 million (95 % UI: 2.33-2.95) in 2013 (12.6 %), then declined by 11.6 % to 2.37 million (95 % UI: 2.04-2.65) in 2020. Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) and Stroke contributed most to the total attributable deaths (33.4 % and 35.0 % in 2020). Compared with the GEMM, the Fusion model generated higher attributable mortality estimates for IHD, Stroke and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, but lower estimates for Lung Cancer and Lower Respiratory Infections. PM_2.5 attributable deaths were clustered in densely populated and highly polluted regions, with Henan and Shandong bearing the highest mortality burden among the 31 provinces. PM_2.5 attributable deaths in BTH, YRD, PRD, CY and MYR declined by 5.3 %, 11.5 %, 18.0 %, 25.4 % and 18.6 % respectively over 2013–2020, with greater declines in attributable mortality rates (18.9 %, 23.8 %, 33.8 %, 27.3 % and 24.1 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Future clean air policies in China should consider regional disparities and continue prioritizing highly polluted and densely populated urban areas, including the five mega city clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34473,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Advances","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100591"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142423926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}