Iberoamerikanskie tetradi最新文献

{"title":"Did Leo Tolstoy Become Don Quixote? Half a Century of Dispute Between Two Geniuses","authors":"Yu. L. Obolenskaya","doi":"10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"This article for the first time examines Leo Tolstoy’s interpretation of two «Don Quixotes»: the greatest creation of M. de Cervantes Saavedra and the famous article by Ivan Turgenev «Hamlet and Don Quixote». On the basis of L. Tolstoy’s diaries and letters, the memoirs of his contemporaries, the article analizes the motives of Tolstoy’s contradictory assessments of Cervantes’ work and his immortal creation. These assessments offer a deeper understanding of both the character of L. Tolstoy and his aesthetic, ideological and moral priorities in different periods of his life. A detailed analysis of the writer’s dialogue-polemic with these two authors and with the texts themselves fits into the broad context of Russia’s spiritual life in the second half of the 19th century. L. Tolstoy had an important episode in his youth that became crucial for his work: the spiritual mentoring of another genius of Russian literature, Ivan Turgenev, during the meeting of two writers in 1857, the so-called «Dijon solitude», when Turgenev, proving the high social significance of the ideals of quixotism for the new era, attempted to turn a young Hamlet-type writer (L. Tolstoy) into a selfless Don Quixote type. The title of the novel «Don Quixote», as well the names of Cervantes and his characters are mentioned in Tolstoy’s diaries, articles and letters about 20 times. The novel seems to «test» him until the end of his life: the high assessments of his contemporaries, their perception of Don Quixote as a new Messiah capable of saving humanity, contradict Tolstoy’s understanding of serving good, therefore working on the most important treatise for him, which is the manifesto «What is art?», Tolstoy changes the estimates of «Don Quixote» several times. Firstly, he mentions among his favorite poets, composers and painters the only novel — «Don Quixote», then he indicates its «poor contents». In 1905, Tolstoy finally became convinced of the importance of the idea of self-sacrifice for the sake of high ideals and of the educational significance of the novel, and besides, he admitted that all his sons were «Don Quixotes». More than half a century of Tolstoy’s dialogue with Cervantes and his heroes invariably continued in his mind, and the knight errant will be most vividly reflected in one of the most autobiographical and close to Tolstoy characters — Levin from «Anna Karenina». The circumstances of Leo Tolstoy’s farewell to the Yasnaya Polyana estate and the last journey of the knight of the sad image, as well as the circumstances of their demise, tragically echo.","PeriodicalId":34457,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerikanskie tetradi","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Poetic Discourse in the Work of J.R. Jiménez","authors":"M. S. Burak","doi":"10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-54-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-54-75","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the poetic discourse in the work of J.R. Jiménez. Certain extracts from the poem «Espacio» and several verses from the «Eternidades» collection are concerned. Despite the differences in form and style, both prove the Time-concept to be relevant in the author’s work and show affinity in key points. All of them pass over the every-day life concepts. Thus, the author remains Poet every second. The poetry is a sort of a shield for Jiménez in his fight against death and oblivion. His capacity to perceive the nameless things makes his poetic discourse true. In the «Eternidades» one can find rhythm, but no rhyme. In the «Espacio» which is blank verse, Jiménez feels free from formal rules and restrictions. It helps him to translate his pure stream of consciousness into text. Thus, his poetic discourse becomes entirely introspective, and the concept of Consciousness appears to be its key point. Both groups of verses and fragments use common «tricks» that influence reader’s mind in a particular way as they break the linear flow of time. These «tricks» include peculiar use of deictic elements as well as figures of style such as anaphora, paronomasia, polyptoton, etc. The metaphor of dream is of particular importance as it reflects the poetic reality. The trembling drop metaphor is no less significant as is symbolizes the elusive Inspiration. A natural combination of Neoplatonism and Pantheism, of carnivalesque and mystic elements — all that through Time and Consciousness — marks Jiménez as one of the most outstanding writers in human history.","PeriodicalId":34457,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerikanskie tetradi","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fernando Pessoa: Portugal in His Heart","authors":"B. F. Martynov","doi":"10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-32-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-3-32-53","url":null,"abstract":"The name of Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935), who is a great Portuguese poet and political journalist, unfortunately is not well known to the common Russian reader. In Portugal he became famous only after his premature death. Besides his unquestionable talent, the poet was well known because of his «heteronyms», i.e. imaginary authors (he had more than 42 of them). Along with that, every one of his «heteronyms» had his own biography and literary style. The majority of those who study the creative work of Fernando Pessoa (one of the most prominent of them is the British literary critic R. Zenith), believe, dealing with his «phenomenon», that the peculiarities of this man in many aspects were caused by the specific features of his character, love for his home country and its language, and by his faith in the «Sebastianist» idea (16th century). Deeply submerged in his inner world, the poet frequently did not separate his fantasies from the reality, showing along with that his surprising proper feeling of that reality and the unique capacity to foresee it. As a political journalist, Pessoa is interesting to study due to his views on the history of Portugal and the future of Europe. His views have drifted from the early republicanism to the «scientific monarchism» in the adult times, and testified that the poet never stopped in his studies of the outer world, suggesting his own, sometimes rather original ways of its understanding. At the same time, Pessoa’s views resonate to a certain degree with those of Russian philosophers A. Losev and M. Bakhtin. The «Sebastianist» myth and the project of the «Fifth Empire» were interlaced in the Pessoa’s philosophic heritage with the concept of Portuguese national identity. Without them he didn’t see any perspectives for the future development of his country. Utopia in his works never denied the reality, rather it creatively developed and complemented the latter. Partly, utopia might reflect his response to the reactionary trends within Portugal as well as in Europe as a whole in the 1930s. The transfer of his ashes to the famous Jerónimos Monastery in 1985, where the remains of Vasco da Gama, Camões and the King Sebastian also lay, symbolized the recognition of Pessoa as a Great Portuguese poet.","PeriodicalId":34457,"journal":{"name":"Iberoamerikanskie tetradi","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135647351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}