Water Science最新文献_第9页

Adjusting external calibration intervals for auxiliary devices in testing laboratories according to intermediate checks results 根据中间检查结果，调整测试实验室辅助设备的外部校准间隔

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1938435

Seleem E. Gaber

{"title":"Adjusting external calibration intervals for auxiliary devices in testing laboratories according to intermediate checks results","authors":"Seleem E. Gaber","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1938435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1938435","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An unfortunate thing which is not desirable to happen in testing laboratories is that after working for weeks on tests, it is discovered that one of the used equipment is not accurate. Therefore, intermediate checking these devices from time to time is a reasonable way to reduce the risk of errors in laboratory work. The Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM) performs intermediate check for testing equipment, besides the annual calibration done by an accredited body, to maintain confidence in its accuracy and precision between calibration intervals. This paper discusses the laboratory procedures to perform intermediate checks for electronic balances and micropipettes to comply with ISO/IEC:17025 requirements in the field of water quality testing. Intermediate check for balances was carried out according to OIML R111-2004 (E), while intermediate check for micropipettes was performed according to ISO 8655-6-2002. The results of intermediate checks and control charts were used to monitor equipment needs for recalibration. The results indicated that calibration of laboratory equipment is not necessarily neither to be annually nor at fixed time intervals. However, it should be based on the drift in measurements, which can be detected through regular intermediate check. Where results are tracked through control charts and in case that, it is drifted out of control limits, a nonconformance is reported, and appropriate corrective actions are taken including calibration if required. It is concluded that calibration of supporting equipment according to their intermediate check is more favorable than fixed time intervals due to the high degree of reliability of the generated test results in addition to reduced financial costs, which is expected to be 25% to 40% lower than the cost of calibration with fixed intervals.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"82 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23570008.2021.1938435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49253345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Growth response of blue panic grass (Panicum antidotale) to saline water irrigation and compost applications 蓝恐慌草对盐水灌溉和堆肥应用的生长反应

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/11104929.2020.1860277

K. Farrag, Sara Gamal Abdelhakim, A. Abd El-Tawab, H. Abdelrahman

{"title":"Growth response of blue panic grass (Panicum antidotale) to saline water irrigation and compost applications","authors":"K. Farrag, Sara Gamal Abdelhakim, A. Abd El-Tawab, H. Abdelrahman","doi":"10.1080/11104929.2020.1860277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1860277","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A pot experiment was conducted to examine the ability of Blue Panic grass (Panicum antidotale) to grow in slightly saline soils (2.40 dS m–1) under different levels of saline irrigation water in the presence or absence of compost. Eight treatments were set up in a randomized block design with five replicates as follows: T1 (Freshwater), T2 (Freshwater + compost at 20%), T3 (Saline water 5000 mg L–1), T4 (T3 + compost at 20%), T5 (Saline water 10000 mg L–1), T6 (T5 + compost at 20%), T7 (Saline water 15000 mg L–1) and T8 (T7 + compost at 20%). Growth parameters of Blue Panic Grass were evaluated at the end of the experimental period as plant and root length, shoot, and root fresh and dry weights, total chlorophyll, and total carbohydrates. In general, tested Blue Panic Grass appeared to be tolerant to high salt concentrations in irrigation water, and slightly significant differences were found for all the measured parameters. A remarkable growth increase occurred in plants grown in compost-amended soils, with respect to the unamended soils. The results demonstrate the possibility to stabilize the yield of blue panic grass, an important feed crop in Egypt, irrigated with saline water, which can secure animal feed resources without reducing the already limited freshwater availability.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"31 - 38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11104929.2020.1860277","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49505660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Improving the carrying capacity of irrigation canals: Al-Tawfiky diversion 提高灌溉渠道的承载能力：Al Tawfiky引水

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1938426

M. Abdelmoaty

{"title":"Improving the carrying capacity of irrigation canals: Al-Tawfiky diversion","authors":"M. Abdelmoaty","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1938426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1938426","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The morphological changes in the irrigation channel cross-section affect its hydraulic efficiency and carrying capacity with time. Periodic maintenance activities are applied to reach maximum carrying capacity. In many cases, removing the total amount of deposit inside canal cross-section above the design bed level is not the optimum maintenance solution hydraulically and economically. Additional discharge must be applied to canal intake to achieve the design water level. Al-Tawfiky Diversion is one of the main irrigation canals in the Delta region. It extended with a length of 175 km to serve 716,540 feddan. The study encloses the first reach from intake to km 36.400 upstream Jamjara regulator. This research aims to detect the most inefficient reaches along the selected study canal reach based on the actual characteristics of the surveyed canal cross-sections, and identifying the most proper maintenance scenario hydraulically and economically. Three hundred and fifty-one cross-sections along the study reach were surveyed. The different hydraulic parameters of these cross-sections were calculated. The data was analyzed and criterion for detecting the most inefficient sub-reaches was introduced. An empirical equation connecting the applied maintenance activities with channel conveyance was deduced. A mathematical model for the study reach was built and calibrated using (SOBEK-1D) to evaluate the proposed four maintenance scenarios.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"89 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23570008.2021.1938426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45708796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Aquifer potential of the transboundary crystalline-sedimentary complexes: from Northcentral Nigeria to Northwestern Cameroon border 跨界结晶-沉积复合体的含水层潜力:从尼日利亚中北部到喀麦隆西北部边界

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1982342

S. N. Ukpai

{"title":"Aquifer potential of the transboundary crystalline-sedimentary complexes: from Northcentral Nigeria to Northwestern Cameroon border","authors":"S. N. Ukpai","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1982342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1982342","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The aquifer system was apparently hidden but has been revealed as linked to transboundary aquifers; hence, additional info for data update of the International Groundwater Resources Assessment Center (IGRAC). The aquifer was explored for the purpose of Internationally Shared Aquifer Resource Management (ISARM). It advanced from fractured aquifers at upstream to the multilayered aquifer system toward downstream. The watershed was explored from Northcentral Nigeria to Cameroon border with electrical sounding. Geological/Hydrogeological details were locally concentrated at the center of the watershed via drilling program, aquifer tests, and hydrological modeling. Aquifer stress index (AQSI) of the region was reviewed from the existing global dataset. Results revealed aquifer provenances from crystalline and sedimentary complexes. The aquifers were relatively inferred at third and fourth geoelectrical layers at upstream and downstream, respectively. Generally, drilling operation showed depth as ≥50.0 m. Most boreholes showed drawdown of ≤5.0 m and transmissivity of ≥100 m2/day, signifying the prolific nature of the aquifer system and enormous groundwater recharge. The AQSI ≤ 0.1 signified a stress-free aquifer. Concentrations of solutes are within nutritional background, yet moderately hard with bicarbonate/carbonate concentrations that can degrade the irrigation quality. Precipitates (CaCO3) from limestone provenance may hamper borehole yields at downstream alluvium. Thus, injection of gypsum at the groundwater recharge zones is a certified remedial.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"165 - 185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42340338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of on-grid PV systems in Egypt 埃及并网光伏系统性能评价

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1905347

K. Fetyan, Rameen A. Hady

{"title":"Performance evaluation of on-grid PV systems in Egypt","authors":"K. Fetyan, Rameen A. Hady","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1905347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1905347","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Egyptian government has set renewable energy targets of 20% of the electricity mix by 2022 and 42% by 2035. The National Water Research Center (NWRC) (Qanatir, Egypt) set up a pilot rooftop 90 kW PV system supporting this approach. This paper analyzes the electrical output signals of 90 kW photovoltaics on-grid system mounted on the roof of the National Water Research Center (NWRC) (Qanatir, Egypt). A previous simulation model using Matlab program is modified to incorporate more accurate information on system configuration became available. Components of the model were modified: four inverters (20 kW rated power) and one (10 kW rated power) and the scenario of tying the system to the local low voltage grid is discarded. Recommendation from previous study was taken to tie system the national high voltage grid to multiply the savings; therefore, it is the only simulated scenario. The simulated output energy of the system, at different values of solar intensity, is compared with the recorded data. A deviation between the simulink model and recorded data is found, due to power failure, surface cleaning of PV panels and weather variations. The results showed that the maximum energy is generated during July (14.5 MWhr) whilst the minimum energy in December and January (5 MWhr).","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"63 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23570008.2021.1905347","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42043624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Evaluation of Physicochemical and Biological Parameters on the Water Quality of ShilabatiRiver, West Bengal, India 印度西孟加拉邦希拉巴提河水质的理化和生物学参数评价

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1928902

M. Roy, Farzana Shamim, S. Chatterjee

{"title":"Evaluation of Physicochemical and Biological Parameters on the Water Quality of ShilabatiRiver, West Bengal, India","authors":"M. Roy, Farzana Shamim, S. Chatterjee","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1928902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1928902","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Anthropogenic activities affect the rivers and the entire basin in different dimensions. All the river basins including Ganga and Damodar are polluted from unplanned anthropogenic activities. This study is an attempt to access the quality of Shilabati River by computing water quality and pollution index using eleven parameters pH, COD, BOD, DO, TDS, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Phosphate, Chloride, Nitrate, and Turbidity measured at eighteen different sites. The BOD and TC counts are found to be 2.45 mg/l and 9334 MPN/100 ml; which reveal that the river water falls under the moderately polluted category of Central Pollution Control Board. The high phosphate concentration suggests a heavy load of anthropogenic and industrial wastes and contributes to the rise in COD and BOD. The high phosphate concentrations also account for the eutrophic water. The physicochemical parameters fall mostly under the E category of Central Pollution Control Board. The Water Quality Index, Comprehensive Pollution Index, and Eutrophication index values show that the river water quality is poor and seriously polluted indicating that the water is not suitable for drinking, domestic purpose, and also for healthy survival of aquatic life and needs urgent management.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"71 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23570008.2021.1928902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42724323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Flood vulnerability and slum concentration mapping in the Indian city of Kolkata: A post-Amphan analysis 印度城市加尔各答的洪水脆弱性和贫民窟集中地图:后安潘分析

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1957641

Alokananda Banerjee Mukherjee, S. Bardhan

{"title":"Flood vulnerability and slum concentration mapping in the Indian city of Kolkata: A post-Amphan analysis","authors":"Alokananda Banerjee Mukherjee, S. Bardhan","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1957641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1957641","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The landfall of super cyclone Amphan, which affected Southern West Bengal and Orissa in 2020 and devastated human life, exposed the failure of urban infrastructure. On May 20, 2020, the storm alone recorded a rainfall of 236 mm in 24 h in Kolkata, capital city of West Bengal, pushing the total rainfall of May to 359.1 mm while averaged value of precipitation in May (2010–2019) stands at 117.5 mm. So, it further calls for relooking at climate preparedness for the Indian cities. In 2015 also, severe floods had affected more than six million people across the country of India alone, with over 250,000 people evacuated. In this context, the urban flood risks and major contributing factors in the Indian city of Kolkata have been discussed in this paper. The recurrence of floods and the exploration of causes repeatedly point to a situation of increased precipitation due to climate change, worsened by unregulated urbanization. The vulnerability assessment and calculation of Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) for Kolkata is also conducted. It reveals the differential degree of vulnerability of city dwellers depending on location and infrastructure. The study leads to form a data base to infer characteristics and determine priority settings for the vulnerable urban population living in slums located in poorly drained areas of the city. A basin-wise analysis in KMC area reveals major urbanization coupled with decaying drainage system in the vulnerable basins as the main reason for aggravated flooding situation.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"109 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47196995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

CuFe2O4@ hydroxyapatite composite for the environmental remediation of some heavy metal ions: Synthesis and characterization 用于某些重金属离子环境修复的CuFe2O4@羟基磷灰石复合材料的合成与表征

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1994242

A. Sery, H. El-Boraey, S. A. Abo-Elenein, Reham M. Elkorashey

{"title":"CuFe2O4@ hydroxyapatite composite for the environmental remediation of some heavy metal ions: Synthesis and characterization","authors":"A. Sery, H. El-Boraey, S. A. Abo-Elenein, Reham M. Elkorashey","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1994242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1994242","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Tailoring highly efficient adsorbents for environmental remediation is a great challenge key. This paper reports the synthesis of nanostructured pure hydroxylapatite and hydroxyapatite coupled with copper ferrite CuFe2O4@HAp by simple routes for utilizing in the capture of some heavy metal ions like Fe(II) and Al(III) ions. The prepared CuFe2O4@HAp has the advantage of the feasible removal of the adsorbent materials after the treatment process by just exposing them to an external magnetic field. The obtained adsorbent has been characterized by several techniques; XRD patterns showed the high purity of the materials. Moreover, the morphological study by TEM revealed the size of the nanoparticles with a needlelike shape that had a length of 21.9 to 44.04 nm and a cross-sectional dimension of 7.15 to 7.83 nm. Factors like contact time, pH, and the initial concentration have been investigated. Furthermore, different isothermic and kinetic models have been also simulated to study the adsorption performance of CuFe2O4@HAp. The obtained results revealed that this adsorbent could be a promising, safe, and sustainable inexpensive material for the wastewater treatment processes.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"154 - 164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48006488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Barriers to mainstreaming gender in water resources management in Nigeria 尼日利亚将性别观点纳入水资源管理主流的障碍

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1978770

O. Adeoti

引用次数: 1

Assessment of agricultural drainage water reuse for irrigation in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt 埃及El-Behira省农业排水回用灌溉评价

Water Science Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/23570008.2021.1982336

E. Ashour, B. Zeidan, M. Elshemy

{"title":"Assessment of agricultural drainage water reuse for irrigation in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt","authors":"E. Ashour, B. Zeidan, M. Elshemy","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1982336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1982336","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agriculture sector and food security of Egypt are under stresses due to the shortage of freshwater budget. Agricultural drainage water reuse can be considered as the most appropriate solution to overcome the irrigation water shortage. Quality of the reused drainage water is of concern, particularly in arid regions, such as Egypt, due to salinity problems. Therefore, water quality assessment for reuse projects is essential. The objective of this work is to assess three different drainage water reuse projects in El-Behira Governorate, Egypt, based on experimental records and water quality index approach. Thirty-six water samples were seasonally collected from three different projects during 2017. Drainage water, freshwater and blended water were evaluated according to the Egyptian and international (FAO) guidelines for drainage and irrigation water. Moreover, CCME-WQI and NSF-WQI were applied to assess the drainage and irrigation water according to the Egyptian standards. Most the recorded parameters for drainage and irrigation water exceeded the permissible limits. The results confirmed the “Poor” and “Marginal” water quality status of all studied drains (drainage water) according to the Egyptian standards. The water quality status of all studied canals (blended water) was classified as “Bad” according to NSF-WQI. These results confirm that current drainage and blended water in the study are shouldn’t be used. To avoid deterioration of the soil, crops, food security elements and health protection, treatment systems for drainage water are urgently recommended. Drainage water reuse projects should be carefully installed, and water quality assessment should be accompanied with these projects. This study is the base for an ongoing pilot project of using a low-cost drainage water improvement technology which can be considered as a supplemented tool to drainage water reuse.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"135 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44475418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7