Water Science最新文献

{"title":"Spatio-temporal variations in hydrochemistry and quality of surface water in Bharathapuzha River Basin, Kerala, India","authors":"K. N, S. Joseph","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2127556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2127556","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Bharathapuzha river (Length = 209 km; Area = 6186 km2; order (N) = 8th) is the second-largest river in Kerala State, India. The midland part of the river (Area = 1854 km2) has been studied to bring out the variation in hydrochemistry and quality due to anthropogenic and geological influences. The study area is the ‘rice-bowl’ of the State and is characterized by its unique geography, sub-humid to semi-arid climate, industrial activities, and intense agricultural practices. The major ion chemistry of the Bharathapuzha river, based on surface water from 27 locations for three seasons, is mainly controlled by carbonate weathering, with Ca2+ and HCO3 − ions dominating the composition. Gibbs plots revealed rock–water interaction as the major mechanism controlling the surface water chemistry, and scatter diagrams revealed carbonate weathering significantly and silicate weathering marginally contributing the ions to the surface water. Majority of the water quality parameters exhibited values within the desirable limits of WHO guidelines and Bureau of Indian Standards for drinking purposes, and showed distinct seasonal variations. Quality degradation was observed at some locations, where the tributaries were close to industrial units and domestic dwellings. Strong correlation results of K+ with Cl− and PO4 3-, and the presence of organochlorine pesticides aldrin and heptachlor indicate the use of nutrients and pesticides in the study area. The quality assessment revealed that 44% of samples in monsoon, 67% in post-monsoon, and 33% in pre-monsoon were suitable for drinking and domestic purposes, and almost all samples except one were found to be suitable for irrigational purpose.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"70 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48488575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical fractionation of some heavy metals in soils irrigated from El-Saff wastewater drainage canal, Egypt","authors":"Adel S. El- Hassanin, N. Habashy, M. Samak, Abdelsalam Elwa, Hossam A. Shouman","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2053928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2053928","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Assessment of heavy metals fractions in soils irrigated with wastewater can directly reflect their bioavailability and contamination level in soil depths. The present study was conducted to assess the heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Mn, and Fe) fractionation in agricultural soils illegally irrigated with El-Saff wastewater drain, southern Giza Governorate, Egypt. Generally, practices of wastewater irrigation increased pH values in the deeper depths of irrigated soils. Results revealed that long-term wastewater irrigation profoundly affected the studied heavy metals fractions in soil depths. Generally, the ranges of studied heavy metals concentrations in soils irrigated with wastewater were apparently different. All fractions were significantly higher in the upper soil depths (0–60 cm and 30–60 cm) than the deeper depths. (60–90 cm and 90–120 cm). Heavy metals concentrations varied in the soils as Fe > Mn > Cu > Pb > Cd after irrigation. The heavy metals fractions were dominant in the residual form followed by oxides bound and organically bound fractions. Lower contents of heavy metals in the soil were obtained in the exchangeable fraction. Wastewater irrigation resulted in the transformation of heavy metals into different fractions as residual > oxide associated > organically bound > carbonate associated > exchangeable form. Monitoring of heavy metals concentration in El-Saff wastewater effluent is periodically required.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"60 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42045819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of household demographic and socio-economic factors on water demand in Ngamiland District, Botswana","authors":"Manga Motho, Oluwatoyin Dare Kolawole, M. Motsholapheko, P. K. Mogomotsi","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2048581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2048581","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Water is one of the most important natural resources without which humans cannot survive. Although efforts have been geared toward ensuring an adequate water supply, potable water shortages continue to persist. This paper, therefore, analyses water demand at a local scale to enhance policymakers’ ability to make informed decisions on water demand management. The paper specifically probes the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on household water demand in Ngamiland District of Botswana. Informed by neo-classical economic theory of supply and demand, a cross-sectional survey of 497 households was undertaken in Maun and Gumare villages. Household survey data collection was done using interview schedules and key informant interviews. The results revealed that gender showed a positive association with household’s monthly water demand, (X2 = 14.961; ρ < 0.05). The result of Spearman’s rank correlation test showed that household income and household size were the significant determinants of water demand. Household size was found to be the most variable influencing demand at a significant but moderate positive correlation with monthly water demand, rs = 0.422 and ρ < 0.05. The paper argues that policymakers might take into consideration the socio-economic parameters, which have a significant influence on water use and demand to implement proper demand management strategies.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"48 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47479251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of helical inducer usage on both performance and Npsh For A centrifugal pump","authors":"Abdullah. H. I. Aboelnil, S. A. Hawash, M. A. Hashim","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2043524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2043524","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Centrifugal pumps consume the equivalent of one fifth of the total energy consumption around the world. Also, increasing the requirement for fresh water negatively affects water levels from its various sources such as rivers, canals, and groundwater. As normal, this reduces the possibility of normal operation of some pump stations, and usually, this occurs as a result of the low suction level for these stations. Moreover, some other pump stations are affected by its operation efficiency i.e. decreases performance quality, each according to the value of the suction level decreasing. Therefore, the most effect parameter on the pump performance at the suction side of the centrifugal pump is defined as the Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH). However, using inducer at the suction side of the operating pump can improve its performance. Thus, the behavior of NPSH and the total performance of a centrifugal pump are experimentally and numerically studded. In addition to, the NPSH performance is determined using the NPSH test and improved by 3% at 2900 rpm with using the inducer at the operating point, and the performance of the pump is monitored at the low and high discharges value.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"41 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42182182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deteriorating water quality state on the structural assemblage of aquatic insects in a North-Western NigerianRiver","authors":"F. Garba, E. Ogidiaka, F. Akamagwuna, K. H. Nwaka, A. O. Edegbene","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2034396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2034396","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Benthic aquatic insects receive the most direct impact when surface waters are perturbed. However, scarce data and understanding about activities’ effects on surface water ecosystems remain a critical challenge for water resource managers and policymakers in tropical regions. In this study, we surveyed the implications of deteriorating physical and chemical parameters on aquatic insects’ structural assemblage to ascertain the ecological health of River Hadejia in North-Western Nigerian. We sampled aquatic insects and physicochemical parameters in three stations influenced by various land-use activities such as informal settlements and agricultural activities for six months. The two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed physicochemical parameters such as transparency, depth, and nitrate were not significantly affected by sites’ land-use activities (p > .05) in the six months sampled. However, mean electrical conductivity was lowest in Station 3 (104.3 ± 8.04 µS/cm). Dissolved oxygen (DO), five days biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) values recorded portray a relatively perturbed water system. We recorded four aquatic insects orders belonging to 11 families and taxa. Dytiscus sp. was the most abundant taxon in the study area. A total of 44, 37, and 35 individuals of aquatic insects were recorded in stations 1, 2, and 3 in the river. The Post hoc test performed for all the diversity indices were not significantly different between the studied stations (p > .05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed poor relationship between the physicochemical parameters and the aquatic insects. However, Gyrinus sp. was positively affected by increased water depth, showing a strong negative association with depth. Cluster analysis revealed that aquatic insects’ assemblage structures were mainly grouped by temporal factors (months) rather than spatial differences between the sites. Overall, this study provides further insights and understanding regarding land-use impacts on the ecological health of the River Hadejia, and we recommend more stringent regulations to control human pressure on the river systems within the studied area to enable surface waters in the area to sustain the provision of desired and valued ecosystem services.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"22 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42362632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic phenolic compounds in the Egyptian coastal waters of Alexandria:spatial distribution,source identification,and ecological risk assessment","authors":"N. El-Naggar, M. Moawad, E. F. Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2022.2031724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2022.2031724","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Poor published data are available for the detections of toxic phenolic compounds in the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast. Seasonal and spatial distributions of eight driven toxic phenolic compounds in coastal waters of Alexandria from ten different locations, situated between Abu Qir bay and Eastern Harbor during July, December (2018), and February, April (2019), were investigated to determine contamination status, possible sources, and ecological risks in the study area. For that purpose, a method was optimized for derivatization and detection of methylphenols, chlorophenols, and nitrophenols in water samples using GC-MS. This analytical method was validated using matrix spikes, indicating detection limits (0.02–0.5 µg/ml) and good recoveries (70–120%). Ranges of phenol concentrations in water samples were as follows: phenol (<LOD-109.2 ng/l), 2,4-DMP (<LOD-117.68 ng/l), 2-nitophenol (<LOD −87.09 ng/l), 2,4 dichlorophenol (19.93–66.30 ng/l), pentachlorophenol (13.50–60.08 ng/l), 2-chlorophenol (13.23–91.43 ng/l), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (12.9–46.04 ng/l), and 4-chloro-3-methylphenol (15.2–52.3 ng/l). Methylphenols were the major group detected followed by nitrophenols and chlorophenols. Results of the risk assessment revealed that concentrations of the studied phenols were within the safe limits and lower than Surface Water Toxicity Reference Values (TRVs), giving no indication of pollution. Multivariate statistical analysis with different physicochemical parameters of water indicated the greatly variable behavior of phenolic compounds, and the exact sources of these compounds are difficult to identify since no major point sources of pollution are known in the area of study.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"32 - 40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42330424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proposed structural system for mixed hollow flat slab","authors":"A. Hashad, E. Helal","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.2002638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.2002638","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The economic design of the slabs is the most influential on the construction cost and choosing the appropriate system is the key to the slabs optimal design, and there are many systems that have been developed recently to reach the most economical design. In this research, we try to mix two systems, each of them has its optimal use, and each of them has its advantages and limits for uses, and they have been mixed to try to find a dual system with more advantages. This paper presents a slab system consisting of flat slab system that its field strip areas were replaced with two-way hollow block systems. Consequently, the total weight of the resulting slab was reduced, which positively affected the quantities of steel reinforcement used directly, in addition to its reflection on the design of columns and foundations due to the low self-weight of the slabs. The validity of the proposed concept has been verified through a finite element analysis using Program SAP2000 that was applied to several cases with different configurations under static and dynamic loadings.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"13 - 21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42497638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater quality and health assessments based on heavy metals and trace elements content in Dakhla Oasis, New Valley Governorate, Egypt","authors":"H. M. Saleh, S. Eskander, H. Mahmoud, M. Abdou","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.2018540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.2018540","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study is searching for some crucial physicochemical properties of groundwater samples collected from eleven outlets in Dakhla Oasis, Egypt, including the pH-value, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), in addition to the concentrations of heavy metals and trace elements. In total 21 elements were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma spectrometry (ICP-OES). To categorize the water class: Chronic daily intakes (CDI), water quality index (WQI) and hazard risk (HR) were computed for the 21 elements in the water samples. Some biological parameters such as levels of urea, creatinine, and the tumor marker CEA were measured. The obtained results showed that the pH-values (6.12 to 6.56) for water samples are within the acceptable limits of the WHO. Results showed, also, that EC (274 to 532 μS/cm), TDS (175 to 340 ppm) besides, the level of measured 21 elements were lower than the values allowed by World Health Organization (WHO) and US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Additionally, the reached data were comparable to other internationally published figures. It is emphasized that the data obtained for WQI confirmed that water from all the sampling points was of expedient quality. Based on the obtained data and the evaluated parameters, it can be concluded that the groundwater samples of the studied areas are of excellent quality; they do not pose any health risks to the local citizens, and are safe for their domestic consumption. Moreover, the results of urea, creatinine, and CEA analyses showed very few abnormal cases, which confirmed, again, that the groundwater in the studied areasdid not pose a risk to human health.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"36 1","pages":"1 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46455323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon in runoff from different land use at Amman Zarqa Basin-Jordan","authors":"O. Al-Mashaqbeh, A. Jiries, Zakaria Z El Haj Ali","doi":"10.1080/11104929.2020.1864254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/11104929.2020.1864254","url":null,"abstract":"A study of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in stormwater runoff was conducted at seven locations in semi-arid Amman Zarqa Basin (AZB) for two winter seasons during 25 October 2012 to 31 ...","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"22-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/11104929.2020.1864254","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48384365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delineation and mapping of palaeochannels using remote sensing, geophysical, and sedimentological techniques: A comprehensive approach","authors":"Ritambhara K. Upadhyay, Naval Sharma, Mukta Sharma","doi":"10.1080/23570008.2021.1941691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23570008.2021.1941691","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Palaeochannels are remnants of rivers or stream channels that flowed in the past and have been currently filled or buried by younger fluviatile sediments. There are a number of techniques for detecting palaeochannels with each of them having its own intrinsic advantages and disadvantages. In the present study, apart from applying different approaches, the capabilities, and effectiveness of the approaches to locate and map palaeochannels are compared. Remote sensing-based approaches are comprised of high-resolution satellite datasets and a LiDAR-derived elevation map for displaying extensive drainage networks of surface feature channels hypothesized to be palaeochannels, palaeorivers, or palaeovalleys. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) transects along with concurrent visual observations are ground-truthing field approaches and has proved to be one of the most appropriate and accurate methods for locating palaeochannels due to their capability to identify subsurface sedimentary stratigraphy innate to palaeochannels. Nevertheless, visual field observations for ground-truthing of prospective palaeochnnels either exhibiting only subtle alterations in desiccation or vegetation are considered a potent field approach. The present review work lays a strong emphasis on delineation and mapping of palaeochannels using remote sensing, geophysical, and sedimentological techniques to meet the sustainable groundwater development goals.","PeriodicalId":34430,"journal":{"name":"Water Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"100 - 108"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/23570008.2021.1941691","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"60099947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}