JoulePub Date : 2024-10-31DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001
Kainan Chen, Peng Zhang, Yayun Chen, Chengcheng Fei, Jiali Yu, Jiahong Zhou, Yuanhao Liang, Weiwei Li, Sisi Xiang, Susie Y. Dai, Joshua S. Yuan
{"title":"Electro-biodiesel empowered by co-design of microorganism and electrocatalysis","authors":"Kainan Chen, Peng Zhang, Yayun Chen, Chengcheng Fei, Jiali Yu, Jiahong Zhou, Yuanhao Liang, Weiwei Li, Sisi Xiang, Susie Y. Dai, Joshua S. Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and sustainable energy production is essential for climate change mitigation, yet current approaches like biofuels or electro-fuels have limitations in efficiency and product profile. We advanced a new electro-biodiesel route via integrating electrocatalysis and bioconversion to produce lipids from CO<sub>2</sub> for biodiesel. We first revealed bioenergetic and metabolic limits in C2+ intermediate utilization through simulations and metabolomics, guiding the synthetic biology design to achieve reductant balance, more ATP production, efficient lipid conversion, and higher lipid yield. Furthermore, we discovered specific ratios of ethanol and acetate to achieve co-substrate synergy, empowering bimetallic catalyst design to improve bioconversion efficiency. The microbial and catalyst co-design achieved a solar-energy-to-molecule conversion efficiency of 4.5% for CO<sub>2</sub>-to-lipid conversion. Electro-biodiesel leverages the high efficiency of electrocatalysis and longer-carbon-chain products from microbial lipid synthesis, overcoming the limitations for both electrocatalysis and bioconversion. Electro-biodiesel achieved 45 times less land usage than soybean biodiesel, competitive economics, and substantial carbon emission reduction.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142556158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electro-controlled distribution of reducing equivalents to boost isobutanol biosynthesis in microbial electro-fermentation of S. oneidensis","authors":"Huan Yu, Feng Li, Yuxuan Wang, Chaoning Hu, Baocai Zhang, Chunxiao Qiao, Qijing Liu, Zixuan You, Junqi Zhang, Liang Shi, Haichun Gao, Kenneth H. Nealson, Hao Song","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient and directional supply of reducing equivalents is crucial for high-yield production of desired chemicals. Herein, an engineered isobutanol-producing <em>Shewaenlla oneidensis</em> was modularly constructed by assembling the electro-controlled distribution system of reducing equivalents and the isobutanol biosynthesis pathway. A dual-stage isobutanol electro-fermentation process was first established, including +0.5 V for cell growth and −0.6 V for isobutanol synthesis. Then, a redox biosensor-based dynamic regulation system was constructed to further decouple cell growth and isobutanol synthesis phases, enabling efficient supply of reducing equivalents. Lastly, an electro-controlled CRISPRi transcription inhibition system was designed to inhibit competitive metabolic pathways, which led to directional distribution of reducing equivalents and carbon flux toward isobutanol biosynthesis. Thus, the titer of isobutanol reached 1,321.5 ± 106.8 mg/L, a 10.8-fold increase from the original strain with 94.9% of the theoretical yield. This study achieved electro-controlled directional distribution of reducing equivalents and enhanced biosynthesis of reductive products via microbial electro-fermentation.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributions and evolution of trap states in non-fullerene organic solar cells","authors":"Yunjie Dou, Siwei Luo, Pengchen Zhu, Liangxiang Zhu, Guangye Zhang, Chunxiong Bao, He Yan, Jia Zhu, Shangshang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"The photovoltaic performance of non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) is essentially determined by the presence of charge traps. However, their exact distributions in OSCs have remained unclear. Here, we report the successful profiling of spatial and energetic distributions of trap states via the drive-level capacitance profiling (DLCP) method. Our DLCP results unveil that the trap densities at device interfaces are 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater than those of the film interior, and improving film crystallinity helps reduce trap density. Furthermore, the DLCP method enables <em>operando</em> monitoring of trap evolution during OSC operation, which reveals that trap evolution is strongly correlated with film morphology stability. The OSCs with stable morphology show minimal changes in trap distributions and can operate for 500 h without significant efficiency loss. With this method, we establish the correlations between trap distributions/evolution and device efficiency/stability and provide insightful guidance toward more efficient and stable OSCs.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.007
Matthew J.W. Ogley, Ashok S. Menon, Gaurav C. Pandey, Galo J. Páez Fajardo, Beth J. Johnston, Innes McClelland, Veronika Majherova, Steven Huband, Debashis Tripathy, Israel Temprano, Stefano Agrestini, Veronica Celorrio, Gabriel E. Pérez, Samuel G. Booth, Clare P. Grey, Serena A. Cussen, Louis F.J. Piper
{"title":"Metal-ligand redox in layered oxide cathodes for Li-ion batteries","authors":"Matthew J.W. Ogley, Ashok S. Menon, Gaurav C. Pandey, Galo J. Páez Fajardo, Beth J. Johnston, Innes McClelland, Veronika Majherova, Steven Huband, Debashis Tripathy, Israel Temprano, Stefano Agrestini, Veronica Celorrio, Gabriel E. Pérez, Samuel G. Booth, Clare P. Grey, Serena A. Cussen, Louis F.J. Piper","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"This study refutes the commonly used ionic-bonding model that demarcates transition metal (TM) and oxygen redox using an archetypal Ni-rich layered oxide cathode, LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Here, charge compensation during delithiation occurs without formal (ionic) Ni oxidation. Instead, oxygen-dominated states control the redox process, facilitated by strong TM-O hybridization, forming bulk-stable 3d<sup>8</sup><u>L</u> and 3d<sup>8</sup><u>L</u><sup>2</sup> electronic states, where <u>L</u> is a ligand hole. Bulk O–O dimers are observed with O K-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering but, critically, without the long-range TM migration or void formation observed in Li-rich layered oxides. Above 4.34 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li, the cathode loses O, forming a resistive surface rock-salt layer that causes capacity fade. This highlights the importance of cathode engineering when attempting to achieve higher energy densities with layered oxide cathodes, especially in those where O dominates the charge compensation mechanism.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142541898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Enhancing charge-emitting shallow traps in metal halide perovskites by >100 times by surface strain","authors":"Ying Zhou, Hengkai Zhang, Yeming Xian, Zhifang Shi, Jean Noalick Aboa, Chengbin Fei, Guang Yang, Nengxu Li, Farida A. Selim, Yanfa Yan, Jinsong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.10.004","url":null,"abstract":"The low density of deep trapping defects in metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is essential for high-performance optoelectronic devices. Shallow traps in MHPs are speculated to enhance charge recombination lifetime. However, chemical nature and distribution of these shallow traps as well as their impact on solar cell operation remain unknown. Herein, we report that shallow traps are much richer in MHPs than traditional semiconductors, and their density can be enhanced by >100 times through local surface strain, indicating that shallow traps are mainly located at the surface. The surface strain is introduced by anchoring two-amine-terminated molecules onto formamidinium cations, and the shallow traps are formed by the band edge downshifting toward defect levels. The high-density shallow traps temporarily hold one type of charge and increased the concentration of the other type of free carrier in working solar cells by keeping photogenerated charges from bimolecular recombination, resulting in a reduced open-circuit voltage loss to 317 mV.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142489754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-22DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015
Yichong Cai, Hang Zhang, Tidong Wang, Shibo Xi, Yuxi Song, Sida Rong, Jin Ma, Zheng Han, Chee Tong John Low, Qing Wang, Ya Ji
{"title":"Directional regulation on single-molecule redox-targeting reaction in neutral zinc-iron flow batteries","authors":"Yichong Cai, Hang Zhang, Tidong Wang, Shibo Xi, Yuxi Song, Sida Rong, Jin Ma, Zheng Han, Chee Tong John Low, Qing Wang, Ya Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.015","url":null,"abstract":"Aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) are promising long-duration energy storage systems but struggle with low-energy density due to the inherent properties of liquid electrolytes. Herein, we report a [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>-LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>/Zn flow battery utilizing redox-targeting (RT) electrochemical-chemical loop, exhibiting an outstanding energy density of 118.3 Wh L<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing blank RFB by 5.6 times. Remarkably, the RT reaction between redox mediator [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup> and solid energy booster LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> is directionally regulated, clearly revealing the quantitative relation between capacity enhancement and potential difference. Moreover, unprecedented Coulombic efficiency (99.9%), solid booster utilization (78.4%), and capacity retention (99.8% per cycle) are achieved at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Intriguingly, <em>operando</em> synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy unveils the reversible changes of the Fe–O and Fe–Fe bonds in the [Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3−/4−</sup>-LiMn<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>1 − x</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> RT system during real-time monitoring. This work suggests an appealing way for capacity enhancement in ARFBs and provides profound insight into the fundamental chemistry of the RT reaction in safe, energy-dense batteries.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142486563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.014
Anand Selvin Subbiah, Subhashri Mannar, Vladyslav Hnapovskyi, Anil Reddy Pininti, Badri Vishal, Luis Victor Torres Merino, Oleksandr Matiash, Orestis Karalis, Hannes Hempel, Adi Prasetio, Bumin Yildirim, Pia Dally, Diego Rosas Villalva, Maxime Babics, Lujia Xu, Arsalan Razzaq, Randi Azmi, Fuzong Xu, Helen L. Bristow, Esma Ugur, Stefaan De Wolf
{"title":"Efficient blade-coated perovskite/silicon tandems via interface engineering","authors":"Anand Selvin Subbiah, Subhashri Mannar, Vladyslav Hnapovskyi, Anil Reddy Pininti, Badri Vishal, Luis Victor Torres Merino, Oleksandr Matiash, Orestis Karalis, Hannes Hempel, Adi Prasetio, Bumin Yildirim, Pia Dally, Diego Rosas Villalva, Maxime Babics, Lujia Xu, Arsalan Razzaq, Randi Azmi, Fuzong Xu, Helen L. Bristow, Esma Ugur, Stefaan De Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells have recently reached a certified record power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 34.6%. However, most of the high-efficiency tandems rely on spin coating to fabricate the perovskite absorber, which generally has limited scope for mass production. To address this, we demonstrate the potential of linear printing techniques, systematically improving 1.66 eV wide-band-gap (WBG) perovskites in single-junction perovskite solar cells (PSCs) via blade coating. Also, we enhance defect passivation and energy alignment between adjacent contacts, thus improving charge extraction in such blade-coated PSCs by introducing 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions at their electron- and hole-collecting interfaces. Translating the 2D integrated blade-coated PSCs to our monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems significantly improved their performance, enabling an independently certified PCE of 31.2% for blade-coated tandems. Importantly, the encapsulated tandems retain 80% of their initial PCE for ∼1,700 h under ∼1-sun continuous illumination, demonstrating their durability and potential toward long-term deployment.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142452320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.012
Morgan R. Edwards, Jaime Garibay-Rodriguez, Jacob Shimkus Erickson, Muhammad Shayan, Jing Ling Tan, Xingchi Shen, Yueming Qiu, Pengfei Liu
{"title":"Assessing inequities in electrification via heat pumps across the US","authors":"Morgan R. Edwards, Jaime Garibay-Rodriguez, Jacob Shimkus Erickson, Muhammad Shayan, Jing Ling Tan, Xingchi Shen, Yueming Qiu, Pengfei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"Heat pumps are an energy-efficient and increasingly cost-effective solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the building sector. However, other clean energy technologies, such as rooftop solar, are less likely to be adopted in underserved communities, and thus policies incentivizing their adoption may funnel support to well-resourced communities. Unlike previously studied technologies, the effects of heat pumps on household energy bills may be positive or negative depending on local climate, energy costs, building features, and other factors. Here, we propose a framework for assessing heat pump inequities across the US. We find that households in communities of color and with higher percentages of renters are less likely to use heat pumps across the board. Moreover, communities of color are least likely to use heat pumps in regions where they are most likely to reduce energy bills. Public policies must address these inequities to advance beneficial electrification and energy justice.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.010
Siqi Gong, Kaixian Li, Jianfeng Sun, Jie Chen, Hengyu Guo
{"title":"Interfacial droplet-based triboelectric nanogenerator with optimized architecture for highly efficient vibrational energy conversion","authors":"Siqi Gong, Kaixian Li, Jianfeng Sun, Jie Chen, Hengyu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2024.09.010","url":null,"abstract":"Droplet-based nanogenerators, harnessing the dynamic interaction between droplets and tribo-layer surfaces for electricity generation, demonstrate substantial promise in nano-micro energy harvesting. However, conventional devices face limitations in charge and voltage outputs due to the constrained liquid-solid interface and intrinsic parasitic capacitance, resulting in comparatively low power density. Herein, regulated by heterogeneous wetting surfaces, the periodic squeezing of a 3D droplet to a 2D plate maximizes the effective interface for triboelectrification and electrostatic induction, leading to a remarkable charge density of ∼2.0 C m<sup>−3</sup>. Additionally, optimizing electrode configuration reduces parasitic capacitance and elevates output voltage by 80 folds. A recorded peak power density of 5,865 W m<sup>−3</sup> is obtained, which is 48 times higher than previous works. Furthermore, the droplet’s non-Hookean elastic behavior extends the frequency response band by 89.3%, enabling small electronics to operate under micro-vibration conditions. This study offers valuable insights for efficient electric energy extraction from interfacial droplets.","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":39.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142448901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
JoulePub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017
Calvin H. Lin , Chenghao Wan , Zhennan Ru , Connor Cremers , Pinak Mohapatra , Dolly L. Mantle , Kesha Tamakuwala , Ariana B. Höfelmann , Matthew W. Kanan , Juan Rivas-Davila , Jonathan A. Fan
{"title":"Electrified thermochemical reaction systems with high-frequency metamaterial reactors","authors":"Calvin H. Lin , Chenghao Wan , Zhennan Ru , Connor Cremers , Pinak Mohapatra , Dolly L. Mantle , Kesha Tamakuwala , Ariana B. Höfelmann , Matthew W. Kanan , Juan Rivas-Davila , Jonathan A. Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.joule.2024.07.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present metamaterial reactors as an innovative class of electrified thermochemical reactors that utilize high-frequency magnetic induction of an open-lattice metamaterial baffle to generate volumetric heat. A central design feature is the modeling of the metamaterial as an effective electrically conducting medium, abstracting its detailed microscopic geometry to a macroscopic susceptor description suitable for reactor-scale electromagnetic characterization. Co-design of the power electronics with the metamaterial provides design rules for efficient and volumetric heating, including the requirement for high induction frequencies. We implement lab-scale reactors with ceramic metamaterial baffles (39 mm in diameter) and megahertz-frequency power amplifiers to perform the reverse water-gas shift reaction, demonstrating reactor operation with near-unity heating efficiencies and radially uniform heating profiles. These clean energy concepts provide a broader context for structured reactors in which volumetric internal heating and complementary reaction engineering properties are collectively tailored to enable ideal operation regimes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":343,"journal":{"name":"Joule","volume":"8 10","pages":"Pages 2938-2949"},"PeriodicalIF":38.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142002667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}