Journal of Power Sources Advances最新文献_第2页

From mine to manufacturer: Assessing transport impacts in the battery supply chain 从矿山到制造商：评估电池供应链中的运输影响

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100187

Jesper Frost Thomsen , Simon Lux

引用次数: 0

Direct recycling of graphite from spent batteries and production scraps for the development of a circular and sustainable economy 从废电池和生产废料中直接回收石墨，发展循环和可持续经济

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100191

Ane Muguruza-Sánchez , Susan Sananes-Israel , Enrique Moliner , Edgar Contreras , Imanol Landa-Medrano , Verónica Palomares , Iratxe de Meatza

{"title":"Direct recycling of graphite from spent batteries and production scraps for the development of a circular and sustainable economy","authors":"Ane Muguruza-Sánchez , Susan Sananes-Israel , Enrique Moliner , Edgar Contreras , Imanol Landa-Medrano , Verónica Palomares , Iratxe de Meatza","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Current lithium-ion battery recycling processes are based on high-temperature calcination (pyrometallurgy) or leaching treatments (hydrometallurgy), requiring huge amounts of energy and producing considerable waste. Direct recycling protocols are based on the reconstruction and regeneration of materials, eliminating the need for further material processing. In this paper, graphite electrodes have been recycled via a direct recycling protocol based on mild leaching with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and calcination to eliminate the impurities and regenerate the structure. A Design of Experiments (DOE) has been proposed to determine the leaching conditions that reduce the generated waste and environmental impact, for which a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out. This combination of experimental and analytical methods has been useful to determine the parameters that have the greatest impact on the environment and select the most sustainable leaching condition, which, in this case, has shown a reduction of 36 % in acidification and 14 % in water use. The established recycling route has been validated with graphite anodes from production scraps and cycled cells (End-of-Life condition, EoL, SOH%<80 %), and in both cases, the polymeric compounds used in the electrode slurry preparation have been eliminated and the graphitization degree has been restored. These results show that graphite can be recycled from LIBs to develop a direct recycling route that promotes a sustainable circular economy and diminishes material waste.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145525346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protic ionic liquids as electrolytes for high voltage dual ion batteries 高压双离子电池用质子离子液体电解质

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100194

Sandesh Darlami Magar , Christof Neumann , Nicolas Demarthe , Andrey Turchanin , Andrea Balducci

{"title":"Protic ionic liquids as electrolytes for high voltage dual ion batteries","authors":"Sandesh Darlami Magar , Christof Neumann , Nicolas Demarthe , Andrey Turchanin , Andrea Balducci","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are an interesting class of electrolyte for energy storage devices thanks to their unique properties, which stem from their protonated cations. In this study, we investigate the use of PIL-based electrolyte in dual-ion batteries (DIBs) containing graphite as both positive and negative electrode. Specifically, we considered a mixture of 1-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (PYR<sub>H4</sub>TFSI) and lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). Initially, insertion of <span><math><mrow><msup><mtext>TFSI</mtext><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow></math></span> into graphite was investigated, which showed that PIL-based electrolyte allows highly reversible intercalation/de-intercalation processes. Furthermore, kinetics of interfacial charge transfer were analyzed. In the second part of the study, a dual-ion battery containing PIL-based electrolyte was tested. The proof-of-concept graphite-based DIB utilizing this electrolyte delivered a capacity of 54 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 25 °C while operating in a wide potential window (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo></mrow></math></span> 5.2 V). The results of these studies demonstrate, for the first time, that the use of PIL-based electrolyte in DIB is possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145690946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Black mass impurities effect on re-synthesized NMC811 by carbonate coprecipitation 黑团杂质对碳酸盐共沉淀法合成NMC811的影响

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100193

Valérie Charbonneau , François Larouche , Kamyab Amouzegar , Ashok Vijh , Gervais Soucy , Jocelyn Veilleux

{"title":"Black mass impurities effect on re-synthesized NMC811 by carbonate coprecipitation","authors":"Valérie Charbonneau , François Larouche , Kamyab Amouzegar , Ashok Vijh , Gervais Soucy , Jocelyn Veilleux","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid expansion of electromobility and renewable energy storage has increased lithium-ion battery production, emphasizing the need for efficient end-of-life management and critical material recovery. Mechanical pretreatment of spent batteries yields a black mass containing valuable oxides and metallic impurities, primarily Al, Cu, and Fe. This study investigated the impact of Al<sup>3+</sup>, Cu<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>2+</sup> impurities on the carbonate coprecipitation synthesis of LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) precursors to simplify cathode resynthesis from acid leachate. Electrochemical testing showed improved performance for NMC811 materials doped with 1–3 at% Al<sup>3+</sup>, 2 at% Fe<sup>2+</sup>, or co-doped with Al–Fe at total concentrations of 2–4 at%, compared to undoped NMC811. Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns revealed reduced Li<sup>+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> cation mixing in these same concentrations, confirming structural stabilization. In contrast, Cu<sup>2+</sup> doping beyond 1 at%, whether alone or in combination, did not yield additional benefits and instead led to increased disorder. These findings suggest that leachates containing up to these impurity levels could be used directly in resynthesis without further purification, as the resulting NMC811 retained equal or improved performance. This supports a more sustainable and resource-efficient recycling process by reducing water, reagent, and energy consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing material and production costs for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries using process-based cost modeling - CellEst 3.0 使用基于过程的成本模型CellEst 3.0分析锂离子和钠离子电池的材料和生产成本

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100190

Janik Ruppert , Philipp Voß , Lukas Ihlbrock , Jakob Palm , Simon Lux , Jens Leker

{"title":"Analyzing material and production costs for lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries using process-based cost modeling - CellEst 3.0","authors":"Janik Ruppert , Philipp Voß , Lukas Ihlbrock , Jakob Palm , Simon Lux , Jens Leker","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the face of rising demand for efficient and reliable energy storage, this study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries across pouch, prismatic, and cylindrical cell formats. Introducing CellEst 3.0, an open-source, Excel-based model offering detailed insights into material and production costs for various battery chemistries and formats, including post-lithium technologies such as sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Our analysis shows that NMC 811 lithium-ion cells offer the highest energy density but have higher material costs due to expensive cathode active material. In contrast, the affordable LFP cathode active material provides cost advantages over NMC. SIBs, particularly those based on NaNFM 111, are the most cost-effective at $54-$62 per kWh, primarily due to cheaper anode active material and aluminum current collector foils. Prismatic cells are identified as the cost leader, supporting the industry's shift towards this format despite other technological factors. Scenario analysis suggests that SIBs withstand volatile market conditions better due to lower material price dependency. While production cost savings correlate closely with cell energy, cylindrical cells are an exception due to their manufacturing processes. This study underlines the value of detailed cost modeling in battery development and demonstrates the economic potential of sodium-ion batteries in sustainable energy storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100190"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bioleaching and bioelectrochemistry, eco-efficient technologies for the recycling of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. A review 生物浸出和生物电化学，电动汽车锂离子电池回收的生态高效技术。回顾

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100192

Almudena González González, Juan Manuel Pérez Rodríguez

{"title":"Bioleaching and bioelectrochemistry, eco-efficient technologies for the recycling of electric vehicle lithium-ion batteries. A review","authors":"Almudena González González, Juan Manuel Pérez Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are widely used today in many different applications. This provokes an increasing demand on critical raw materials (CRMs) which currently are difficult to obtain. This slows down the achievement of energy sovereignty. In this sense, recycling appears as a solution to avoid the over-exploitation of natural resources and to contribute to the energy self-sufficiency of the European Union. It is therefore necessary to develop efficient recycling processes as early as possible.</div><div>In this sense, bioleaching and bioelectrochemistry have been raised to be a cost-effective and sustainable technologies, which can be applied sequentially to remove and recover critical metals from spent LiBs. According to the results obtained under optimised laboratory conditions, bio-produced acids have been reported to leach 80–100 % of Ni, Mn, Co and Li and bioelectrochemistry can achieve recovery rates in excess of 95 %.</div><div>The main objective of this review is to present the recent advances in these technologies for batteries used in Electric Vehicles, which will allow the definition of the challenges that need to be addressed by research in order to achieve their implementation on an industrial scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ex-ante environmental impact analysis of reactivation methods in the direct recycling of cathode active materials from spent lithium-ion batteries 废旧锂离子电池正极活性材料直接回收再利用方法的事前环境影响分析

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100189

Leonard Kurz , Simon Glöser-Chahoud , Ralf Wörner , Frederik Reichert

{"title":"Ex-ante environmental impact analysis of reactivation methods in the direct recycling of cathode active materials from spent lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Leonard Kurz , Simon Glöser-Chahoud , Ralf Wörner , Frederik Reichert","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycling is crucial for resilient value chains for lithium (Li)-ion batteries, as is ecological impact analysis, to ensure the sustainability of battery-recycling technologies. Early ecological assessments lead to greater potential for optimization and easier adaptations for the reduction of environmental impacts. In this study, we present an ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) of reactivation strategies for separated cathode active materials from end-of-life Li-ion batteries for direct battery recycling. Reactivation includes impurity removal, compensation for Li deficiency by relithiation, and subsequent recrystallization. In this LCA, we focus on the relithiation process as it is decisive for the variance in the reactivation procedure. Our results show that hydrothermal reactivation is associated with the lowest global warming potential across all cathode chemistries. In terms of the abiotic resource depletion (of elements) and human toxicity, solid-state reactivation has the least impacts, followed by hydrothermal relithiation. To better evaluate the ecological relevance of reactivation, we conducted a life cycle impact assessment for the entire direct recycling process chain using two different separation technologies to recover the end-of-life cathode active material. The first separation process is based on semi-automated disassembly, dismantling, and subsequent waterjet delamination of the active material from the collector foil. In the second process, the battery (modules) is mechanically shredded in an atmosphere of inert gas and subsequently fractionated. This enabled us to identify relithiation as a hotspot in the direct recycling process. On average, relithiation is responsible for 40–43 % of the global warming potential. The early ecological analysis proves to be extremely useful in this context, as the greenhouse potential in the overall process chain of strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145108305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-speed synchrotron radiography of nail penetration-induced thermal runaway: Understanding the explosive behavior of commercial sodium-ion batteries with NFM cathode 钉子穿透热失控的高速同步辐射成像：了解含NFM阴极的商用钠离子电池的爆炸行为

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100188

Jonas Pfaff , Sebastian Schopferer , Henning Markötter , Alexander Rack , Giovanni Bruno , Anita Schmidt , Tim Tichter , Nils Böttcher

{"title":"High-speed synchrotron radiography of nail penetration-induced thermal runaway: Understanding the explosive behavior of commercial sodium-ion batteries with NFM cathode","authors":"Jonas Pfaff , Sebastian Schopferer , Henning Markötter , Alexander Rack , Giovanni Bruno , Anita Schmidt , Tim Tichter , Nils Böttcher","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dynamics of mechanically initiated thermal runaway (TR) events in cylindrical 18650 cells with NFM (Na(Ni<sub>1/3</sub>Fe<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>)O<sub>2</sub>), LFP (LiFePO<sub>4</sub>), and NMC532 (LiNi<sub>1/2</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) cathode chemistries were investigated using high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging. Structural similarity index measures (SSIM) were employed to identify and track rapid structural changes. In this manner, thermal decompositions and internal propagation dynamics, influencing the safety mechanisms of the cells, were studied. This lead to two major findings: (I) Among NFM, LFP, and NMC532 cells, the TR-characteristics differ significantly in temperature and internal propagation speed. Internal safety mechanisms appear, however, visually similar. Among all samples, LFP cells exhibit higher safety performance concerning the initiation of TR by nail penetration and the progression of TR. (II) The NFM cells used in this study displayed an almost explosive TR. This finding appears counterintuitive on a first glance, since sodium-ion batteries are usually considered safe. High-speed imaging revealed that the explosive TR is not necessarily caused by the thermochemical decomposition reactions, but rather by a failure of the venting mechanism. This results in a significant pressure buildup within the cell upon TR initiation and eventually a severely violent TR. These results underline that battery safety depends on many factors and not solely on optimized cell chemistries or materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"36 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel dopamine-containing gel polymer electrolytes for Li-organic batteries 有机锂电池用新型含多巴胺凝胶聚合物电解质

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100186

Öykü Simsek , Alessandro Innocenti , Isaac Álvarez Moisés , Philip Zimmer , Ziyuan Lyu , Simon Muench , Jean-François Gohy , Dominic Bresser , Ulrich S. Schubert

{"title":"Novel dopamine-containing gel polymer electrolytes for Li-organic batteries","authors":"Öykü Simsek , Alessandro Innocenti , Isaac Álvarez Moisés , Philip Zimmer , Ziyuan Lyu , Simon Muench , Jean-François Gohy , Dominic Bresser , Ulrich S. Schubert","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a new gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) based on a dopamine-containing comonomer for lithium-organic battery cells. First, several liquid electrolyte solutions composed of an ionic liquid and a lithium salt were prepared and tested in Li-organic cells with poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate) (PTMA) as the positive electrode active material to evaluate the compatibility. Among them, ionic liquid electrolyte (ILE) (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (EMIMFSI):lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), 0.8:0.2, mol:mol) was found to lead to the highest specific capacity (63.5 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at 1C). The polymer matrix composed of benzyl methacrylate (BnMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (mPEGMA), and dopamine methacrylamide (DMAAm) was synthesized by UV-polymerization. A literature-known polymer system without DMAAm was prepared for comparison. Samples from both polymer films were immersed in the ILE to obtain GPEs. It was found that the addition of DMAAm increased the electrolyte uptake significantly. GPEs comprising DMAAm reveal high ionic conductivity (2.3 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at 20 °C) and improved galvanostatic cycling performance in Li//PTMA cells compared to the GPEs without DMAAm.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catalyst layer at the junction of a forward bias bipolar membrane for CO2 electrolysis 二氧化碳电解用正向偏压双极膜连接处的催化剂层

IF 4.6

Journal of Power Sources Advances Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.powera.2025.100185

Matthieu Dessiex , Vincent Plouzennec , Sophia Haussener , Felix N. Büchi

{"title":"Catalyst layer at the junction of a forward bias bipolar membrane for CO2 electrolysis","authors":"Matthieu Dessiex , Vincent Plouzennec , Sophia Haussener , Felix N. Büchi","doi":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.powera.2025.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in an electrolysis cell with a forward bias bipolar membrane (BPM) ensures good selectivity and CO<sub>2</sub> utilization, but still suffers from large overvoltages. Recent studies have shown that integrating metal-oxide catalysts at the BPM junction in reverse bias significantly enhances the performance of water electrolyzers. It remains unclear if this method has the same positive effect on CO<sub>2</sub> electrolysis. We studied the performance of a specially designed zero-gap BPM CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzer operating in forward bias mode, incorporating metal-oxide nanoparticles at the BPM interface. For TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, the optimal loading at the BPM junction was between 10 and 30 μgcm<sup>-2</sup>, resulting in a 75% higher current density for the same iR-free overpotential. Physical characterization using scanning electron microscopy of the catalyst layers revealed that the optimum performance of the CO<sub>2</sub> electrolyzer correlates with a complete coverage. SiO<sub>2</sub> and IrO<sub>2</sub> metal-oxides were also tested at the BPM junction. SiO<sub>2</sub> showed comparable performance to TiO<sub>2</sub>, whereas IrO<sub>2</sub> improved the current density by approximately 100% at an iR-free overpotential of 0.7 V compared to the pristine BPM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34318,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Power Sources Advances","volume":"35 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144878108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0