Applied Surface Science Advances最新文献

{"title":"Morphology dependent decomposition and pore evolution during oxidation of Cr2AlC coatings revealed by correlative tomography","authors":"Devi Janani Ramesh ,&nbsp;Sameer Aman Salman ,&nbsp;Jochen M. Schneider","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantitative 3D characterization of materials degradation in oxidizing environments remains limited. Here, we apply a correlative tomography-based mass-balance framework to Cr₂AlC, a coating candidate for accident-tolerant nuclear fuel claddings and turbine blades, and show that decomposition and pore evolution during oxidation, quantified by integrating volumetric, structural and compositional data, are strongly governed by grain morphology.</div><div>The oxidation of sputtered Cr₂AlC coatings with equiaxed and columnar grain morphologies was analyzed. While Cr₇C₃ formed in both coating morphologies, pores formed exclusively in columnar coatings. The expected Cr₇C₃ volume was estimated by mass-balance calculations assuming that Al-deintercalation enables oxide scale and Al-O-C-N precipitate formation, leading to complete transformation of the Al-deintercalated Cr₂AlC into Cr₇C₃. In equiaxed coatings, the predicted carbide volume agreed with tomography within 3 ± 3 %, confirming Al‑deintercalation‑driven Cr₇C₃ formation. Despite the smaller molar volume of Cr₇C₃ relative to Cr₂AlC, absence of pores imply that transformation shrinkage is likely accommodated by coating thickness reduction. In columnar coatings, the predicted Cr₇C₃ volume exceeds the measured value by 22 ± 4 %, and the pore volume expected from transformation shrinkage alone is 13–16 % lower than measured, indicating partial Al deintercalation and clustering of pre-existing defects. This combined methodology provides a general route to quantitatively resolve degradation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100980"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147601664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene field-effect transistor sensor for detection of urea in water: Experimental study and DFT analysis","authors":"O. Špaček ,&nbsp;L. Supalová ,&nbsp;J. Mach ,&nbsp;D. Nezval ,&nbsp;T. Šikola ,&nbsp;M. Bartošík","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urea sensors are used in medicine for disease monitoring, the automotive industry for emission control, agriculture and food safety for fertilizer and residue analysis, environmental monitoring for water pollution detection, and in industrial processes for production control. This article presents a pioneering experimental study of non-selective urea detection in aqueous solution using graphene doping in a field-effect transistor (FET) configuration. It is demonstrated that water itself p-dopes graphene, while the addition of urea weakens this effect (resulting in reduced p-doping). The response is explained by original density functional theory (DFT) calculations considering the common influence of water and urea. Analyses of charge redistributions and band structures indicate the formation of non-doping urea–water complexes responsible for the observed results. Moreover, the calculations provide deeper insight into the complex urea–water–graphene interactions, which may be utilized in other applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 100978"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147601235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-dimensional conductive carbon conglomeration as conductive additives for tailoring graphite/silicon alloy anodes in lithium ion batteries","authors":"Myeong-Hun Jo,&nbsp;Dan-Bi Moon,&nbsp;Hyo-Jin Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To satisfy the ever-increasing demand for high-capacity and fast-charging anodes in lithium-ion batteries, the use of Si-based materials has been regarded as the most promising strategy because of their distinct lithiation capacities and kinetics. However, Si-based anodes are vulnerable to particle pulverization during repeated charge-discharge cycles, which causes the electrical isolation of Si particles. This study proposes a novel strategy to prevent the electrical isolation of micro Si alloy-based electrodes by employing multi-dimensional carbon conglomeration as a conductive additive. A multi-dimensional carbon conglomeration containing N-doped reduced graphene oxide and carbon black (NrGO/CB) was fabricated by a scalable dry method without using solvents through a mechano-fusion process. NrGO/CB functions as a valid electron transfer mechanism by activating new types of electron transfer pathways within the carbon particles through cross-linked sp³–sp² hybrid covalent bonds. Unlike the typical sp³-hydridized system, the presence of conjugated π bonds next to the sp³-hydridized carbon causes the electrons to be delocalized at the sp³-hydridized carbon, thereby significantly enhancing electron mobility of NrGO/CB. Furthermore, the addition of a small amount of graphite functions as an initiative to integrate multi-dimensional NrGO/CB with the Si alloy particles, thereby extending the electron transfer network across the entire electrode scale. Accordingly, Si alloy anodes integrated with NrGO/CB and graphite demonstrated electrochemical performances with exceptional initial Coulombic efficiency (90.26 %) and cycling stability (101.9 % after 100 cycles at 0.1 C) compared to those of conventional carbon additives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100930"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virus gene sensing detection method based on TiO2NR @ AgNPs chip and the multifunctional SERS microspheres","authors":"Haoze Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihao Du ,&nbsp;Junzhong Li ,&nbsp;Xuejin Cheng ,&nbsp;Lei Wang ,&nbsp;Zhongyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2025.100920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has rapidly emerged as a powerful and indispensable tool for the detection of trace viral gene targets in aqueous solutions. However, SERS performance is constrained by the focal area hotspot density and analyte concentration, impairing reproducibility for detection. This study unveils a novel SERS strategy, which synergistically integrates TiO₂NR @ AgNPs chips with multifunctional SERS microspheres. These multifunctional SERS microspheres enable the selective enrichment of target biomolecules within aqueous solutions. Moreover, the utilization of rubidium magnets to enrich and anchor these microspheres on the surface of TiO₂NR @ AgNPs chips results in the formation of stable and densely packed hotspots within the contact region. Ultimately, this strategy is applied for the immunocapture and detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) genes within aqueous solutions. The computed results demonstrate that the SERS enhancement factors (<em>EFs</em>) achieved by this strategy is 1.14 × 10⁷. In particular, it achieves a detection limit for the RSV gene of &lt;1 pM, underscoring its exceptional sensitivity. Thus, this strategy promises to advance the detection capabilities of viral genes in heterogeneous, complex, and dynamic biological aqueous solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100920"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding crystal surface anisotropy of organic materials via molecular modelling and facet-specific experimental characterization","authors":"Emilia Prandini ,&nbsp;Bruno Torre ,&nbsp;Emanuele Bosurgi ,&nbsp;Andrew G.P. Maloney ,&nbsp;Chiaramaria Stani ,&nbsp;Giovanni Birarda ,&nbsp;Lisa Vaccari ,&nbsp;Enzo Mario Di Fabrizio ,&nbsp;Emmanuele Parisi ,&nbsp;Elena Simone","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The different facets of crystalline particles expose specific functional groups depending on their structure and morphology, thus, influencing surface properties of the resulting materials. As particle surface properties impact product performance, safety, and manufacturing efficiency, it is important to understand how crystal structure influences facet-specific surface properties. In this work, we focused on the effect of crystal structure and morphology on properties such as roughness, mechanical strength, and chemical features. Quercetin-dimethylformamide (QDMF), a solvated form of quercetin, was selected as a single-crystal model compound. By combining computational approaches with experimental validation, we developed a standardized procedure to correlate crystal structure packing and specific surface features. Experimental data collected using various techniques were then used to validate the simulations.</div><div>First, we utilized Particle Informatics tools to analyse the surface chemistry and topology of specific QDMF crystal facets observed experimentally, namely {1–10}, {001}, and {200}. These computational results were then validated using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) integrated with Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which provided topographical insights, chemical characterization, surface roughness measurements, and mechanical properties characterization (e.g., Young Modulus).</div><div>For chemical imaging at high spatial resolution, we employed advanced mid-infrared techniques, such as Optical Photothermal Infrared (OPTIR) microscopy and scattering-type Scanning Near-field Infrared Microscopy (s-SNIM). The experimental data were in agreement with the simulations, showing how Particle Informatics tools can assist in the design of crystalline materials with tailored surface properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100939"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the origin of enhanced activity of Mn species in Nb2MnO6 mixed oxide during mineralization of tetracycline via catalytic ozonation","authors":"Konrad Baran ,&nbsp;Adrian Walkowiak ,&nbsp;Marcin Frankowski ,&nbsp;Grzegorz Nowaczyk ,&nbsp;Michał Zieliński ,&nbsp;Anetta Zioła-Frankowska ,&nbsp;Lukasz Wolski","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, mixed manganese-niobium oxides were synthesized using a Pechini method. The materials were fully characterized and tested in catalytic ozonation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) as a model antibiotic pollutant. It was revealed that the Pechini method allowed the obtainment of mixed Mn-Nb oxides containing a unique Nb₂MnO₆ phase. The most efficient formation of Nb₂MnO₆ was observed at a low Mn/Nb molar ratio, while bulk Mn₂O₃ was preferentially obtained at a higher manganese loadings. The results of the catalytic tests revealed that manganese species in Mn-Nb mixed oxides exhibit higher activity in catalytic ozonation than Mn species in bulk Mn₂O₃. The strongly enhanced activity of manganese in the Nb₂MnO₆ phase was associated with a higher electron density in the vicinity of Mn²⁺ species and the presence of strongly nucleophilic surface oxygen species, which most probably enabled more efficient electron transfer from the catalyst to adsorbed ozone molecules, leading to more efficient formation of hydroxyl radicals and mineralization of TC. Significant enhancement of TC mineralization in the presence of mixed Mn-Nb oxides was observed even at low catalyst loading (0.05 g/L). The most active mixed Mn-Nb oxides could mineralize tetracycline in a broad pH range in complex water matrices. The studies also included a detailed analysis of the possible TC degradation pathways and evaluation of the toxicity of degradation products. Results obtained in this work can have a significant impact on the development of more active catalysts based on mixed metal oxides for the removal of antibiotic pollutants from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100944"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of MXene-based nanocomposites in electrochemical biosensors","authors":"Mahan Hosseinzadeh Fakhr ,&nbsp;Aidee Itandehui Garcia Zintzun ,&nbsp;Alexander Michaelis ,&nbsp;Joerg Opitz ,&nbsp;Natalia Beshchasna","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MXene is among the most attractive two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials for construction of advanced electrochemical biosensors owing to their superior electrical and mechanical properties, tunable hydrophilicity, large surface-to-volume ratio, excellent electrochemical properties, facile functionalization, and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, MXene nanomaterials possess excellent conductivity, facilitating the electrical signal transmission in biosensors. They also offer a large surface area, providing active sites for interactions with biomolecules, thereby enhanced detection of various analytes contributing to the sensitive and precise construction of biosensors. In this review, recent breakthroughs in the concept, development, and bio-sensing applications of various MXene-based electrochemical biosensors have been summarized. More specifically, this review attempts to detail the MXene nanocomposites and MXene hydrogels as the most effective strategies to make full use of the electrochemical performance of MXene as well as the reports where MXene nanocomposites have been used in electrochemical biosensors, so that the future prospect of these cutting-edge 2D materials can be analyzed. This will help in developing innovative MXene-based biosensing platforms towards advancing the application of such devices in point-of-care (POC) diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100959"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogenation induced surface bulging at the phase interfaces in AB-type hydrogen storage alloys","authors":"Sumin Lee ,&nbsp;Jin Hyeong Choi ,&nbsp;Kyubin Hwang ,&nbsp;Jinyoung You ,&nbsp;Changhyo Sun ,&nbsp;Taejun Ha ,&nbsp;Jae-Hyeok Shim ,&nbsp;Hye Jung Chang ,&nbsp;Yunseok Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excess hydrogen typically causes bulging and subsequent cracking in metals and alloys, leading to what is commonly recognized as hydrogen damage in conventional metals and alloys. However, similar hydrogen-induced degradation can play a beneficial role in hydrogen storage alloys. Despite the well-established understanding of bulging and cracking in conventional metals, their mechanistic origin in multiphase hydrogen storage alloys remains poorly understood. In this study, we reveal that hydrogen-induced bulging, followed by crack and crater formation, is associated with volume expansion at phase boundaries of a Ce-containing TiFe alloy. Initially, the secondary phase Ce particles exist as CeO₂. As hydrogenation progresses, some transform into CeH₂, causing bulging due to local volume expansion. Further hydrogenation leads to crack formation at the phase boundary, and once CeH₂ dominates, the affected area rises and detaches, forming a crater. These observations address a critical gap in understanding the early-stage hydrogenation behavior of multiphase hydrogen storage alloys by directly revealing how hydrogen-driven phase transformations occur within rare-earth-containing secondary phases. Understanding the underlying mechanism of these sequential processes could not only facilitate the design of improved hydrogen storage materials but also provide valuable insights into hydrogen damage in conventional metals and alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100951"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion inhibition evaluation of sulphur-doped pomegranate peel waste-derived carbon dots for carbon steel in acidic environment","authors":"Saviour A. Umoren ,&nbsp;Ali M.Al Nasser ,&nbsp;Hifsa Kurdshid ,&nbsp;Hatim D.M Dafalla ,&nbsp;Sidra Nayer ,&nbsp;Moses M. Solomon","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sulphur-doped carbon dots (S-PPCDs) were synthesized from pomegranate peel waste through a one-step hydrothermal process and explored as green corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in 5% hydrochloric acid. The nanomaterials were systematically characterized using TEM, FTIR, UV–Vis, SEM/EDAX, and fluorescence analysis, which confirmed their nanoscale dimensions (∼8.9 nm), spherical morphology, and the presence of oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulphur-containing functional groups that promote adsorption. Corrosion inhibition performance was evaluated through gravimetric tests, electrochemical methods (EIS, LPR, PDP), and surface characterization (SEM, AFM, optical profilometry). The results reveal a strong concentration dependence, with maximum inhibition efficiency of ∼89.8% at 100 mg <span>l</span>^-1 and 30 °C. At higher concentration (150 mg <span>l</span>^-1), a slight decrease in efficiency was observed, attributed to multilayer formation or competitive adsorption. Elevated temperature (60 °C) reduced protection efficiency to ∼47%, indicating that the adsorption mechanism is predominantly physical. Potentiodynamic polarization results show that S-PPCDs act as a mixed-type inhibitor, reducing both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. Surface analysis confirms the formation of a compact, adherent inhibitor layer that significantly reduced roughness and pitting compared to uninhibited samples. The findings highlight the dual benefits of waste valorization and sustainable corrosion protection, positioning S-PPCDs as an environmentally benign, low-cost, and highly efficient alternative to conventional toxic inhibitors for acidic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100935"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145979781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning interlayer water content for optimized stability and mechanistic insights in bilayered V2O5∙nH2O cathode material for Zinc (Magnesium)-ion batteries: A DFT and AIMD study","authors":"Nam Phuong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nhi Y.T. Khong ,&nbsp;Chia-Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Tran Van Man ,&nbsp;Liang-Yin Kuo ,&nbsp;Kuan-Neng Chen ,&nbsp;Nguyet N.T. Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apsadv.2026.100948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrated vanadium pentoxide, V₂O₅·1.75H₂O has emerged as a promising cathode material for multivalent ion batteries due to its tunable layered structure and enhanced ion transport properties. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) simulations are applied to investigate bilayer V₂O₅·<em>n</em>H₂O material, focusing on how water content (<em>n</em> = 0, 1, 1.75, 2 and 2.25) influences its structural stability, electronic properties and ion intercalation behavior. Structural water forms hydrogen-bonded networks and pentameric clusters that expand the interlayer spacing, preserve [VO₅] coordination, and create efficient diffusion pathways for Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions. Electronic structure analysis reveals that water intercalation narrows the band gap and increases electronic conductivity, while charge redistribution around vanadyl oxygen sites enhances cation–host interactions. The results indicate that the interlayer spacing expands from 2.44 Å (<em>n</em> = 0) to 7.94 Å (<em>n</em> = 2.25), with an optimal water ratio of approximately 1.75. This value is close to the experimentally observed value of 1.8. Moreover, it is found that V₂O₅·1.75H₂O exhibits the lowest bandgap (0.21 eV), which is beneficial for enhancing electronic conductivity and contributes to improved rate capability. However, excessive water content (<em>n</em> = 2.25) leads to reduced charge density and increased bandgap, highlighting the importance of interlayer spacing optimization. Overall, V₂O₅·1.75H₂O provides an optimal balance between structural robustness, ion transport, and electrochemical performance, exhibiting a moderate volume expansion (<em>ΔV/V₀</em> ≈ 0–3%), a low band gap of 0.21 eV for enhanced electronic conductivity, and reversible Zn²⁺ and Mg²⁺ insertion capacities of 251.06 and 188 mAh g⁻¹, respectively, making it a highly promising cathode for aqueous Zn-ion and Mg-ion batteries. These findings provide critical insights into the role of structural water in multivalent ion intercalation and offer a rational strategy for designing high-performance hydrated vanadium oxide electrodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34303,"journal":{"name":"Applied Surface Science Advances","volume":"32 ","pages":"Article 100948"},"PeriodicalIF":8.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147397913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}